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Muhammad Shahid
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan

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Review
Published: 29 June 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are ubiquitously present in surface soils, due to anthropogenic activities, causing threat to ecological and human health because of their carcinogenic nature. They accumulate in large quantities in the environment and affect negatively soil microbiota, plants, animals, and humans. For the cleanup of Cd/Pb polluted soils, different plant species have been studied. Many plants have shown the potential to hyperaccumulate Cd/Pb in their above-ground tissues. These plants decrease soil pH by root exudation or by releasing H+ ions, and this, in turn, increases the bioavailability of Cd/Pb for plant uptake. Different environmental processes related to soil organic matter, microorganisms, pH, genetic modifications, and various soil-borne chelating agents affect the potential of phytoremediation technology. Review papers trying to identify a single factor influencing the phytoremediation of heavy metals are available in the literature. However, an integrated approach dealing with different factors involved in the remediation of both metals is scarcely discussed. The main focus of this review is to discuss the phytoextraction technique for Cd/Pb removal from contaminated sites along with detoxification mechanisms. Further, the challenges in the Cd/Pb phytoextraction and different options available to cope with these challenges are also discussed. The update on the relevant findings on the use of microorganisms and amendments in enhancing the Cd/Pb phytoextraction is also provided. Finally, the areas to be explored in future research for the removal of Cd/Pb by integrated strategies have been discussed.

ACS Style

Iram Gul; Maria Manzoor; Nosheen Hashim; Ghulam Mujtaba Shah; Sayyada Phziya Tariq Waani; Muhammad Shahid; Vasileios Antoniadis; Jörg Rinklebe; Muhammad Arshad. Challenges in microbially and chelate-assisted phytoextraction of cadmium and lead – A review. Environmental Pollution 2021, 287, 117667 .

AMA Style

Iram Gul, Maria Manzoor, Nosheen Hashim, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Sayyada Phziya Tariq Waani, Muhammad Shahid, Vasileios Antoniadis, Jörg Rinklebe, Muhammad Arshad. Challenges in microbially and chelate-assisted phytoextraction of cadmium and lead – A review. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 287 ():117667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iram Gul; Maria Manzoor; Nosheen Hashim; Ghulam Mujtaba Shah; Sayyada Phziya Tariq Waani; Muhammad Shahid; Vasileios Antoniadis; Jörg Rinklebe; Muhammad Arshad. 2021. "Challenges in microbially and chelate-assisted phytoextraction of cadmium and lead – A review." Environmental Pollution 287, no. : 117667.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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Environmental contamination by toxic trace elements is a global issue faced by soil-plant-human systems. Biochar has gained substantial attention as a soil amendment to reduce toxic trace element impacts on plant and human health due to biochar’s capacity to influence trace element biogeochemistry. This review focuses on the key roles of biochar with respect to trace element interactions, mobility and phytoavailability in soil-plant systems. In addition to direct interactions, various biochar types can impact soil physicochemical properties and subsequently trace element biogeochemical behavior. A critical literature review revealed increasing and/or decreasing trends with respect to biochar-induced variation in soil physicochemical characteristics and soil-plant trace element transfer. Data analysis revealed that biochar-mediated an overall decrease in the phyto-uptake of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn by 48%, 40%, 38%, 44%, 28%, and 22%, respectively. This article also discusses the possible biochar-mediated alleviations of human health hazards (41% less cancer risk) due to consuming trace elements-contaminated foods. Likewise, for the first time, the effect of soil biochar application on plant physiological and morphological attributes, as well as activation of tolerance mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) is critically discussed. Graphical Abstract

ACS Style

Natasha Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Filip M. G. Tack; James Anthony Ippolito; Jörg Rinklebe. Influence of biochar on trace element uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants and associated health risks: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2021, 1 -41.

AMA Style

Natasha Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Filip M. G. Tack, James Anthony Ippolito, Jörg Rinklebe. Influence of biochar on trace element uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants and associated health risks: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2021; ():1-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Filip M. G. Tack; James Anthony Ippolito; Jörg Rinklebe. 2021. "Influence of biochar on trace element uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants and associated health risks: A critical review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , no. : 1-41.

Original paper
Published: 24 January 2021 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are highly toxic and carcinogenic metal(loid)s. The present study evaluated the human exposure risk via estimating As and Pb uptake and physiological/biochemical modifications inside spinach plant grown under metal(loid)-contaminated growth medium. Plants were treated with three levels of each metal(loid) (0, 25 and 125 µM) for four weeks. The spinach plants accumulated high concentration of metal(loid)s in roots (0–18.9 ug g−1 Pb and 0.2–22.7 ug g−1 As) and less were translocated towards shoot (0–0.3 ug g−1 Pb and 0.2–8.8 ug g−1 As). Metal(loid) accumulation in plants decreased plant biomass and pigment contents and provoked oxidative stress by increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in roots up to 65% and 22%, respectively, for As and Pb. The production of H2O2 in leaves was decreased up to 59% and 45%, respectively, for As and Pb than control. Moreover, the antioxidant system (superoxide, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) gets activated under metal(loid) stress. The exposure assessment indices revealed high carcinogenic (CR > 10–4) and non-carcinogenic (HQ > 1) risks owing to the consumption of As- and Pb-contaminated spinach leaves. Results revealed As is being more toxic to plants and humans than Pb. These findings suggest possible alarming consequences of As and Pb to spinach and their assimilation within the edible tissues.

ACS Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Mazhar Saleem. Unrevealing arsenic and lead toxicity and antioxidant response in spinach: a human health perspective. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Mazhar Saleem. Unrevealing arsenic and lead toxicity and antioxidant response in spinach: a human health perspective. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Mazhar Saleem. 2021. "Unrevealing arsenic and lead toxicity and antioxidant response in spinach: a human health perspective." Environmental Geochemistry and Health , no. : 1-10.

Review article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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During the last two decades, the use of soil amendments has gained high attention due to their role in governing trace element biogeochemistry in the soil. Majority of the studies dealing with soil amendments focused on the soil-plant transfer of trace elements, their compartmentation inside the plants and associated toxic effects. However, there is comparatively limited data regarding the effects of soil amendments on trace-element-induced oxidative stress (variations in stress and tolerance parameters) in plants. Therefore, this review, for the first time, critically elucidates the broad and specific trends in literature data of stress, tolerance and growth parameters under co-application of trace elements and soil amendments. For this purpose, a total of 3120 plant response items from literature data were collected/analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed an overall decrease in stress parameters (reactive oxygen species, membrane damage and lipid peroxidation), while an increase in tolerance parameters (antioxidants) and growth parameters (pigment contents). However, these general trends vary greatly with respect to different types of amendments, trace elements, plant species, plant organs and exposure cultures. In addition, the trends also varied for different types of response items of stress, tolerance and growth parameters (e.g., POD vs CAT, H2O2 vs O2). Manuscript critically discusses some mechanistic explanations for these general and specific trends in literature data. Finally, this review proposed key research gaps and important future perspectives. All the aspects discussed in this review have been strengthened with 23 Tables and 7 Figures. The research gaps and scientific queries established in this review based on meta-analysis of literature data will open new aspects of future research and discussion in the fields of ecotoxicology, stress physiology and remediation.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shahid. Effect of soil amendments on trace element-mediated oxidative stress in plants: Meta-analysis and mechanistic interpretations. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 407, 124881 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Shahid. Effect of soil amendments on trace element-mediated oxidative stress in plants: Meta-analysis and mechanistic interpretations. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 407 ():124881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shahid. 2020. "Effect of soil amendments on trace element-mediated oxidative stress in plants: Meta-analysis and mechanistic interpretations." Journal of Hazardous Materials 407, no. : 124881.

Original paper
Published: 24 November 2020 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid. High As levels have been recorded in groundwater aquifers at a global scale. This study investigated As level in groundwater of District Vehari and assessed the potential of different agricultural by-products (sugarcane bagasse, cottonseed hulls, soybean hulls, corncobs and rice husk) to remove As from water. The study was carried out in two steps. In the first step, a total of 38 groundwater samples were obtained from Vehari. Groundwater samples were analyzed for total As contents and physicochemical parameters. Results indicated that As content ranged from below detection limit to 49 µg/L in the groundwater samples. The values of hazard quotient and cancer risk were up to 1.5 and 0.0004, respectively, which delineated severe risk of As poisoning. During the second step, six As-contaminated groundwater samples (total As contents: 49, 40, 29, 24, 18, 16 µg/L) were selected to remove As using agricultural by-products. Furthermore, four As solutions (200, 100, 50 and 25 µg/L) were prepared in the laboratory. Results revealed that corncobs and soybean hulls removed, respectively, 98% and 71% As from aqueous mediums after 120 min. Moreover, agricultural by-products were less effective in removing As from groundwater samples than synthetic solutions. The adsorption/removal capacity of by-products was lower at low initial As concentration compared to high initial levels, which needs further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the As removal efficiency of agriculture by-products differed significantly with respect to initial As level, contamination category, type of agricultural by-products and interaction duration. Therefore, these aspects need to be optimized before the possible use of an agricultural by-product as a potential biosorbent.

ACS Style

Zunaira Shabbir; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Samina Khalid; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Imran Qureshi; Nabeel Khan Niazi. Use of agricultural bio-wastes to remove arsenic from contaminated water. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2020, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Zunaira Shabbir, Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Samina Khalid, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Imran Qureshi, Nabeel Khan Niazi. Use of agricultural bio-wastes to remove arsenic from contaminated water. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2020; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zunaira Shabbir; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Samina Khalid; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Imran Qureshi; Nabeel Khan Niazi. 2020. "Use of agricultural bio-wastes to remove arsenic from contaminated water." Environmental Geochemistry and Health , no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The current study delineated the distribution, (hydro)geochemical behavior and health risk of arsenic (As) in shallow (depth35 m; tube wells) aquifers in five areas along the Indus River (Bhakar, Kallur Kot), Jhelum River (Jhelum) and Chenab River (Hafizabad, Gujranwala) floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. Relatively, greater As concentration was observed in deep wells (mean: 24.3 µg L-1) compared to shallow wells (19.4 µg L-1), with groundwater As spanning 0.1 to 121.7 µg L-1 (n=133) in three floodplains. Groundwater from Hafizabad (Chenab River floodplain) possessed the highest As (121.7 µg L-1), Na2+ (180 mg L-1), Ca2+ (95 mg L-1), Cl- (101 mg L-1) and SO42- (1353 mg L-1) concentrations. Arsenic health risk modeling indicated the potential carcinogenic (value>10-4) and non-carcinogenic (hazard quotient>1.0) risks for groundwater of all areas, with the utmost risk estimated for Chenab floodplain and deep aquifers. Positive saturation index values for Fe oxide mineral phases may suggest their potential role in As mobilization/sorption in these aquifer environments. This study provides critically-important and baseline knowledge for a widespread groundwater As/quality examination along these three floodplains, which is vital for launching suitable As mitigation/remediation programs to reduce the health risk.

ACS Style

Natasha; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Fazila Younas; Salman Raza Naqvi; Sabry M. Shaheen; Muhammad Imran; Hailong Wang; Khalid Mahmud Hussaini; Hua Zhang; Jörg Rinklebe. Hydrogeochemical and health risk evaluation of arsenic in shallow and deep aquifers along the different floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 402, 124074 .

AMA Style

Natasha, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Shahid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Fazila Younas, Salman Raza Naqvi, Sabry M. Shaheen, Muhammad Imran, Hailong Wang, Khalid Mahmud Hussaini, Hua Zhang, Jörg Rinklebe. Hydrogeochemical and health risk evaluation of arsenic in shallow and deep aquifers along the different floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 402 ():124074.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Irshad Bibi; Muhammad Shahid; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Fazila Younas; Salman Raza Naqvi; Sabry M. Shaheen; Muhammad Imran; Hailong Wang; Khalid Mahmud Hussaini; Hua Zhang; Jörg Rinklebe. 2020. "Hydrogeochemical and health risk evaluation of arsenic in shallow and deep aquifers along the different floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Hazardous Materials 402, no. : 124074.

Original paper
Published: 02 September 2020 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Freshwater shortage and its contamination with various types of pollutants are becoming the most alarming issues worldwide due to impacts on socioeconomic values. Considering an increasing freshwater scarcity, it is imperative for the growers, particularly in semiarid and arid areas, to use wastewater for crop production. Wastewaters generally contain numerous essential inorganic and organic nutrients which are considered necessary for plant metabolism. Besides, this practice provokes various hygienic, ecological and health concerns due to the occurrence of toxic substances such as heavy metals. Pakistan nowadays faces a severe freshwater scarcity. Consequently, untreated wastewater is used routinely in the agriculture sector. In this review, we have highlighted the negative and positive affectivity of wastewater on the chemical characteristics of the soil. This review critically delineates toxic metal accumulation in soil and their possible soil–plant–human transfer. We have also estimated and deliberated possible health hazards linked with the utilization of untreated city waste effluents for the cultivation of food/vegetable crops. Moreover, we carried out a multivariate analysis of data (144 studies of wastewater crop irrigation in Pakistan) to trace out common trends in published data. We have also compared the limit values of toxic metals in irrigation water, soil and plants. Furthermore, some viable solutions and future viewpoints are anticipated taking into account the on-ground situation in Pakistan—such as planning and sanitary matters, remedial/management technologies, awareness among local habitants (especially farmers) and the role of the government, NGOs and pertinent stakeholders. The data are supported by 13 tables and 7 figures.

ACS Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Behzad Murtaza; Hasnain Anwar; Ali Haidar Shah; AneezA Sardar; Zunaira Shabbir; Nabeel Khan Niazi. A critical analysis of wastewater use in agriculture and associated health risks in Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Behzad Murtaza, Hasnain Anwar, Ali Haidar Shah, AneezA Sardar, Zunaira Shabbir, Nabeel Khan Niazi. A critical analysis of wastewater use in agriculture and associated health risks in Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Behzad Murtaza; Hasnain Anwar; Ali Haidar Shah; AneezA Sardar; Zunaira Shabbir; Nabeel Khan Niazi. 2020. "A critical analysis of wastewater use in agriculture and associated health risks in Pakistan." Environmental Geochemistry and Health , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The presence of toxic substances in aquifers, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals, is an important environmental and social concern worldwide. These heavy metals are capable to exert many injurious health effects in human beings by intake of drinking metal-contaminated water. However, very little attention is paid towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater used for drinking purpose in several less-developed countries. Therefore, this study was intended to estimate, for the first time, the heavy metal levels in groundwater/drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. A total of 129 groundwater samples were obtained and subjected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, iron, and zinc). Moreover, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and anion (carbonates, chloride, and bicarbonates) and cation (calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium, and barium) contents of groundwater were also determined. It was noticed that the values of several groundwater physicochemical characteristics such as cation contents, alkalinity, chloride concentration, and especially the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb (93%), Cd (68%), and Fe (100%) were higher than their limit values given by WHO. Principal component analysis separately grouped heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater. The risk assessment indices predicted potential carcinogenic risks due to the consumption of metal-rich groundwater, predominantly with Cd (0.0007–0.03). The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all the metals were < 1, while Pb showed HQ > 1 envisaging non-carcinogenic risk with the consumption of studied groundwater. The findings of the study emphasized on the need of appropriate approaches to remediate groundwater before being used for drinking purpose.

ACS Style

Sana Khalid; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Ali Haidar Shah; Farhan Saeed; Mazhar Ali; Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani; Camille Dumat. Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 39852 -39864.

AMA Style

Sana Khalid, Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Ali Haidar Shah, Farhan Saeed, Mazhar Ali, Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani, Camille Dumat. Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (32):39852-39864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sana Khalid; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Ali Haidar Shah; Farhan Saeed; Mazhar Ali; Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani; Camille Dumat. 2020. "Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 32: 39852-39864.

Review article
Published: 19 June 2020 in Chemosphere
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Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human, animals and plants, although it is also potentially toxic above supra-optimal levels. In plants, Cu is an essential cofactor of numerous metalloproteins and is involved in several biochemical and physiological processes. However, excess of Cu induces oxidative stress inside plants via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Owing to its dual nature (essential and a potential toxicity), this metal involves a complex network of uptake, sequestration and transport, essentiality, toxicity and detoxification inside the plants. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems keeping in view its possible essential and toxic roles. This review critically highlights the latest understanding of (i) Cu adsorption/desorption in soil (ii) accumulation in plants, (iii) phytotoxicity, (iv) tolerance mechanisms inside plants and (v) health risk assessment. The Cu-mediated oxidative stress and resulting up-regulation of several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been deliberated at molecular and cellular levels. Moreover, the role of various transporter proteins in Cu uptake and its proper transportation to target metalloproteins is critically discussed. The review also delineates Cu build-up in plant food and accompanying health disorders. Finally, this review proposes some future perspectives regarding Cu biochemistry inside plants. The review, to a large extent, presents a complete picture of the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems supported with up-to-date 10 tables and 5 figures. It can be of great interest for post-graduate level students, scientists, industrialists, policymakers and regulatory authorities.

ACS Style

Zunaira Shabbir; AneezA Sardar; Abrar Shabbir; Ghulam Abbas; Saliha Shamshad; Sana Khalid; Natasha; Ghulam Murtaza; Camille Dumat; Muhammad Shahid. Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment. Chemosphere 2020, 259, 127436 .

AMA Style

Zunaira Shabbir, AneezA Sardar, Abrar Shabbir, Ghulam Abbas, Saliha Shamshad, Sana Khalid, Natasha, Ghulam Murtaza, Camille Dumat, Muhammad Shahid. Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment. Chemosphere. 2020; 259 ():127436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zunaira Shabbir; AneezA Sardar; Abrar Shabbir; Ghulam Abbas; Saliha Shamshad; Sana Khalid; Natasha; Ghulam Murtaza; Camille Dumat; Muhammad Shahid. 2020. "Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment." Chemosphere 259, no. : 127436.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Atmospheric contamination by heavy metal(loid)s is a widespread global issue. Recent studies have shown foliar pathway of heavy metal(loid) uptake by plants, thus menacing plant productivity and threatening health risks. In contrast to root uptake of heavy metal(loid)s, there is scarce data available on heavy metal(loid) foliar uptake, accumulation in different plant parts, changes in growth and other biophysiochemical processes/reactions, detoxification mechanisms and associated health risks due to the consumption of contaminated vegetables. This study evaluated the effect of foliar application of two potentially toxic metal(loid)s (arsenic (As) and lead (Pb)) on their uptake by Spinacia oleracea, plant growth, pigment contents, physiological changes, and activation of antioxidative enzymes. Results revealed that S. oleracea seedlings can accumulate both the metal(loid)s in their leaves via foliar pathway. Arsenic was transferred from the leaves towards the roots, while Pb was mainly sequestered in S. oleracea leaves. Both the metal(loid)s significantly decreased plant growth and pigment contents, As being more toxic than Pb. Foliar application of As and Pb did not cause lipid peroxidation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, both the metal(loid)s enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes. We also calculated possible health risks (both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) due to As and Pb accumulation in the edible parts for both the adults and children. It was observed that As can induce non-carcinogenic effects (HQ > 1) in children only, while both As and Pb can cause carcinogenic hazards in both adults and children under their all applied foliar levels. Therefore, it is proposed that As and Pb contents in the atmosphere must be monitored continuously for their possible foliar uptake and accumulation in edible plant parts to avoid cancer risks. Moreover, multivariate analysis traced weak-strong correlations between metal(loid) treatments and plant response variables.

ACS Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid. Foliar application of lead and arsenic solutions to Spinacia oleracea: biophysiochemical analysis and risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 39763 -39773.

AMA Style

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid. Foliar application of lead and arsenic solutions to Spinacia oleracea: biophysiochemical analysis and risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (32):39763-39773.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid. 2020. "Foliar application of lead and arsenic solutions to Spinacia oleracea: biophysiochemical analysis and risk assessment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 32: 39763-39773.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2019 in Plants
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Nickel (Ni) is among the essential micronutrient heavy metals utilized by plants. However, an elevated level of Ni causes serious concerns for plants’ physiology and their survival. This study evaluated the mechanisms influencing the growth, physiology, and nutrient dynamics in two commercial maize hybrids (Syngenta and Pioneer) exposed to Ni treatments in hydroponics nutrient solution (NS). Seedlings were raised in plastic trays with quartz sand, and subsequently transferred to Hoagland’s NS at the two leaves stage. After three days of transplantation, Ni levels of 0, 20, and 40 mg L−1 were maintained in the nutrient solution. After 30 days of Ni treatments, seedlings were harvested and different growth, physiological, and nutrient concentrations were determined. The results showed that with increasing Ni concentration, the growth of maize hybrids was significantly reduced, and the maize hybrid, Pioneer, showed significantly higher growth than that of Syngenta at all levels of Ni. Higher growth in Pioneer is ascribed to elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, APX, and POX), lower damage to cellular membranes (i.e., higher MSI and lower MDA), and higher tissue nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu). Furthermore, the maize hybrids showed a difference in nutrient translocation from root to shoot which could be one of the factors responsible for differential response of these hybrids against Ni treatments.

ACS Style

Muhammad Amjad; Hasan Raza; Behzad Murtaza; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Ali Zakir; Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal. Nickel Toxicity Induced Changes in Nutrient Dynamics and Antioxidant Profiling in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Plants 2019, 9, 5 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Amjad, Hasan Raza, Behzad Murtaza, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Ali Zakir, Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal. Nickel Toxicity Induced Changes in Nutrient Dynamics and Antioxidant Profiling in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Plants. 2019; 9 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Amjad; Hasan Raza; Behzad Murtaza; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Ali Zakir; Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal. 2019. "Nickel Toxicity Induced Changes in Nutrient Dynamics and Antioxidant Profiling in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids." Plants 9, no. 1: 5.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Chemosphere
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Despite extensive research progress in the recent past, the data regarding foliar uptake of heavy metals, associated biophysiochemical changes inside plants and possible health hazards are limited. This study determined the effect of foliar application of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) on lead (Pb) accumulation, physiological and biochemical changes inside spinach plants and associated health risks. A green method was used to prepare PbO-NPs using coconut water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the preparation of smooth, unwrinkled, granular and spherical PbO-NPs. Spinach leaves were exposed via foliar application to three concentrations of PbO-NPs (0, 10 and 50 mg/plant). Foliar PbO-NPs application resulted in a significant accumulation of Pb in leaves (42.25 μg g−1), with limited translocation towards root tissues (4.46 μg g−1). This revealed that spinach can accumulate considerable amount of Pb via foliar uptake. Lead accumulation inside spinach caused a significant decrease in pigment contents (38%) and dry weight (67%). After foliar uptake, Pb caused several-fold increase in the activities of catalase and peroxidase. However, foliar PbO-NPs did not induce significant changes in H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Application of PbO-NPs (50 mg/plant) showed possible health risks (non-carcinogenic) due to ingesting Pb-contaminated leaves of spinach. It is proposed that atmospheric contamination and foliar deposition of metal-PM can seriously affect vegetable growth and can provoke health issues due to ingestion of metal-enriched vegetables. Therefore, atmospheric levels of heavy metals need to be monitored on a regular basis to avoid their food chain contamination and possible human exposure.

ACS Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Abu Bakr Umer Farooq; Faiz Rabbani; Sana Khalid; Camille Dumat. Risk assessment and biophysiochemical responses of spinach to foliar application of lead oxide nanoparticles: A multivariate analysis. Chemosphere 2019, 245, 125605 .

AMA Style

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Abu Bakr Umer Farooq, Faiz Rabbani, Sana Khalid, Camille Dumat. Risk assessment and biophysiochemical responses of spinach to foliar application of lead oxide nanoparticles: A multivariate analysis. Chemosphere. 2019; 245 ():125605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Abu Bakr Umer Farooq; Faiz Rabbani; Sana Khalid; Camille Dumat. 2019. "Risk assessment and biophysiochemical responses of spinach to foliar application of lead oxide nanoparticles: A multivariate analysis." Chemosphere 245, no. : 125605.

Review
Published: 23 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Pesticides are extensively used in the modern agricultural system. The inefficient and extensive use of pesticides during the last 5 to 6 decades inadvertently led to serious deterioration of environmental quality with health risk to living organisms, including humans. It is important to use some environmentally-friendly and sustainable approaches to remediate, restore and maintain soil quality. Biochar has gained considerable attention globally as a promising soil amendment because it has the ability to adsorb and as such minimize the bioavailability of pesticides in soils. This review emphasizes the recent trends and implications of biochar in pesticide-contaminated soils, as well as highlights need of the pesticides use and associated environmental issues in context of the biochar application. The overarching aim of this review is to signify the role of biochar on primary processes such as effect of biochar on the persistence, mineralization, leaching and efficacy of pesticides in soil. Notably, the effects of biochar on pesticide adsorption-desorption, degradation and bioavailability under various operating/production conditions are critically discussed. This review delineates the indirect impact of biochar on pesticides persistence in soils and proposes key recommendations for future research which are essential for the remediation and restoration of pesticides-impacted soils.

ACS Style

Sana Khalid; Muhammad Shahid; Behzad Murtaza; Irshad Bibi; Natasha; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Nabeel Khan Niazi. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 711, 134645 .

AMA Style

Sana Khalid, Muhammad Shahid, Behzad Murtaza, Irshad Bibi, Natasha, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Nabeel Khan Niazi. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 711 ():134645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sana Khalid; Muhammad Shahid; Behzad Murtaza; Irshad Bibi; Natasha; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Nabeel Khan Niazi. 2019. "A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application." Science of The Total Environment 711, no. : 134645.

Articles
Published: 15 November 2019 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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Despite considerable research about biogeochemical behavior of trace elements (TEs) in soil-plant-human systems, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding dose–response relationship, especially for low-applied doses. Trace elements such as mercury, cadmium, antimony and others are highly toxic, without any known essential function in plants. Nevertheless, recent toxicology and risk assessment studies revealed TE-induced hormesis in plants, i.e. stimulation in plant growth at low-doses while suppression at high-doses. This is the first review critically reviewing the TE-induced phytohormetic. The review compares hormetic effects for 366 observations from various research articles among different (i) toxic TEs, (ii) plant species, (iii) plant response parameters (end points), and (iv) exposure durations. It was observed that various toxic TEs, especially Cd, induce hormesis in plants. The mean value of Maximum Stimulatory Response (MAX) was 27% higher compared to the control response, with a range of 0.71 to 1122%. This review critically highlights the TE-induced phytohormesis by discussing possible mechanisms such as the (i) activation of plant tolerance mechanisms after TE-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (ii) interplay between phytohormones and TE-mediated ROS production towards plant growth.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shahid; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Jörg Rinklebe; Jochen Bundschuh; Camille Dumat; Eric Pinelli. Trace elements-induced phytohormesis: A critical review and mechanistic interpretation. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 50, 1984 -2015.

AMA Style

Muhammad Shahid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Jörg Rinklebe, Jochen Bundschuh, Camille Dumat, Eric Pinelli. Trace elements-induced phytohormesis: A critical review and mechanistic interpretation. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 50 (19):1984-2015.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shahid; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Jörg Rinklebe; Jochen Bundschuh; Camille Dumat; Eric Pinelli. 2019. "Trace elements-induced phytohormesis: A critical review and mechanistic interpretation." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 50, no. 19: 1984-2015.

Review
Published: 04 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Environmental contamination by a non-essential and non-beneficial, although potentially toxic mercury (Hg), is becoming a great threat to the living organisms at a global scale. Owing to its various uses in numerous industrial processes, high amount of Hg is released into different environmental compartments. Environmental Hg contamination can result in food chain contamination, especially due to its accumulation in edible plant parts. Consumption of Hg-rich food is a key source of Hg exposure to humans. Since Hg does not possess any identified biological role and has genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, it is critical to monitor its biogeochemical behavior in the soil–plant system and its influence in terms of possible food chain contamination and human exposure. This review traces a plausible link among Hg levels, its chemical speciation and phytoavailability in soil, accumulation in plants, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Hg inside the plant. The role of different enzymatic (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, phytochelatins, proline and ascorbic acid) antioxidants has also been elucidated with respect to enhanced generation of reactive radicles and resulting oxidative stress. The review also outlines Hg build-up in edible plant tissues and associated health risks. The biogeochemical role of Hg in the soil–plant system and associated health risks have been described with well summarized and up-to-date data in 12 tables and 4 figures. We believe that this comprehensive review article and meta-analysis of Hg data can be greatly valuable for scientists, researchers, policymakers and graduate-level students.

ACS Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Irshad Bibi; Jochen Bundschuh; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Camille Dumat. A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: Ecotoxicology and health risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 711, 134749 .

AMA Style

Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Irshad Bibi, Jochen Bundschuh, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Camille Dumat. A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: Ecotoxicology and health risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 711 ():134749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Irshad Bibi; Jochen Bundschuh; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Camille Dumat. 2019. "A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: Ecotoxicology and health risk assessment." Science of The Total Environment 711, no. : 134749.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2019 in Water
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The present study examined novel wheat straw biochar (WSB) and acid treated wheat straw biochar (AWSB) for cadmium removal from contaminated water. A series of batch and column scale experiments was conducted to evaluate the potential of WSB and AWSB for cadmium removal at different biochar dosage (0.5–8 g/L), initial cadmium concentration (5–100 mg/L), solution pH (2–8) and contact time (5–180 min). Results revealed that cadmium adsorption decreased by increasing biochar dosage from 0.5 to 8 g/L; however, optimum dosage for maximum (99%) removal of cadmium was 2 g/L by WSB and 1 g/L by AWSB. Enhanced cadmium removal potential by AWSB is attributed to increased surface area, microporosity and variation in functional groups. Equilibrium experimental data was well described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm whereas kinetic data were better explained with pseudo-second order model. Both WSB and AWSB have shown good adsorption capacity of 31.65 mg/g and 74.63 mg/g, respectively, that is comparable with other costly adsorbents. Columns packed with WSB and AWSB at laboratory scale have also shown good retention of cadmium with excellent reusability. These findings indicate that WSB especially AWSB could be a promising, cost-effective and environmental friendly strategy for the removal of metals from contaminated water.

ACS Style

Muhammad Asif Naeem; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Amjad; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Tahir; Behzad Murtaza; Ali Zakir; Muhammad Shahid; Laura Bulgariu; Iftikhar Ahmad. Batch and Column Scale Removal of Cadmium from Water Using Raw and Acid Activated Wheat Straw Biochar. Water 2019, 11, 1438 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Asif Naeem, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Amjad, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Tahir, Behzad Murtaza, Ali Zakir, Muhammad Shahid, Laura Bulgariu, Iftikhar Ahmad. Batch and Column Scale Removal of Cadmium from Water Using Raw and Acid Activated Wheat Straw Biochar. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Asif Naeem; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Amjad; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Tahir; Behzad Murtaza; Ali Zakir; Muhammad Shahid; Laura Bulgariu; Iftikhar Ahmad. 2019. "Batch and Column Scale Removal of Cadmium from Water Using Raw and Acid Activated Wheat Straw Biochar." Water 11, no. 7: 1438.

Chapter
Published: 05 July 2019 in Plant Metallomics and Functional Omics
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Heavy metal contamination of environment is becoming increasingly serious with rapid and unchecked industrialization and urbanization. Soil contamination with heavy metals and their associated health risks have been reported in various areas globally. Plants accumulate heavy metals from soil under contaminated environments. Inside plants, heavy metals provoke numerous biochemical alterations via different metabolic processes. These biochemical alterations in plants are primarily via redox reactions which cause activation of different enzymes, modification of cell membrane permeability, replacement of essential ions, and reaction with functional groups of different molecules. Under heavy metal stress, plants have evolved numerous defense processes to tolerate heavy metal toxicity, such as sequestration into vacuoles, activation of several antioxidants, and chelation by phytochelatin/glutathione. All the biochemical changes, in plants, are mediated by a complex regulatory network of genes. The expression or overexpression of these genes and enzymes under metal stress has been revealed in some recent studies. Moreover, the heavy metal transporter proteins and transcription factors are involved in heavy metal acquisition/tolerance/homeostasis. In this chapter, we have presented an overall relation of redox mechanism and plant tolerance under heavy metal stress. We highlight the heavy metal contamination in environment, their sources in soil, accumulation by plants, their toxic effects on plants, and detoxification processes.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Sana Khalid; Ghulam Abbas; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Behzad Murtaza; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Irshad Bibi. Redox Mechanisms and Plant Tolerance Under Heavy Metal Stress: Genes and Regulatory Networks. Plant Metallomics and Functional Omics 2019, 71 -105.

AMA Style

Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Sana Khalid, Ghulam Abbas, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Behzad Murtaza, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Irshad Bibi. Redox Mechanisms and Plant Tolerance Under Heavy Metal Stress: Genes and Regulatory Networks. Plant Metallomics and Functional Omics. 2019; ():71-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Sana Khalid; Ghulam Abbas; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Behzad Murtaza; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Irshad Bibi. 2019. "Redox Mechanisms and Plant Tolerance Under Heavy Metal Stress: Genes and Regulatory Networks." Plant Metallomics and Functional Omics , no. : 71-105.

Original paper
Published: 22 June 2019 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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In peri-urban areas of district Vehari, farmers are using untreated city wastewater for crop irrigation owing to the scarcity of good-quality irrigation water. This practice may pose severe environmental and health issues to local inhabitants attributed to the high levels of potentially toxic metals in wastewater. The present study evaluated the potential impacts of wastewater irrigation on metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) build-up in the soil–plant continuum and associated health risks. In this study, wastewater (n = 17), soil (n = 108) and plant (n = 65) samples were collected from 15 peri-urban sites of three tehsils of district Vehari. Results showed that the mean concentration (mg/L) of Cd (0.02), Mn (0.25) and Fe (1.57) in wastewater samples was higher than their respective threshold values. Similarly, Cd, Mn and Fe concentration in soil was beyond the permissible limits of agricultural soil receiving wastewater irrigation. However, plants showed high accumulation of Pb, Cr and Fe than their respective limits depending on the vegetable/crop species. The health risk parameters showed that Pb and Cd are the major toxic chemical substances to human health, and the daily intake of crop plants can pose a potential health threat due to wastewater-irrigated crop consumption. Results highlighted the necessity of wastewater pretreatment to avoid the soil and vegetable contamination by wastewater irrigation and to reduce the associated health risks.

ACS Style

Tania Sarwar; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Sana Khalid; Ali Haidar Shah; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Zia Ul Haq; Behzad Murtaza; Hafiz Faiq Bakhat. Quantification and risk assessment of heavy metal build-up in soil–plant system after irrigation with untreated city wastewater in Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2019, 42, 4281 -4297.

AMA Style

Tania Sarwar, Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Sana Khalid, Ali Haidar Shah, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Asif Naeem, Zia Ul Haq, Behzad Murtaza, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat. Quantification and risk assessment of heavy metal build-up in soil–plant system after irrigation with untreated city wastewater in Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2019; 42 (12):4281-4297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tania Sarwar; Muhammad Shahid; Natasha; Sana Khalid; Ali Haidar Shah; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Asif Naeem; Zia Ul Haq; Behzad Murtaza; Hafiz Faiq Bakhat. 2019. "Quantification and risk assessment of heavy metal build-up in soil–plant system after irrigation with untreated city wastewater in Vehari, Pakistan." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 12: 4281-4297.

Editorial
Published: 20 May 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Camille Dumat; Aurélie Pelfrêne; Muhammad Shahid. Environment-health link in a context of urban agricultures: studies of oral exposure to pollutants in order promote the human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 20015 -20017.

AMA Style

Camille Dumat, Aurélie Pelfrêne, Muhammad Shahid. Environment-health link in a context of urban agricultures: studies of oral exposure to pollutants in order promote the human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (20):20015-20017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camille Dumat; Aurélie Pelfrêne; Muhammad Shahid. 2019. "Environment-health link in a context of urban agricultures: studies of oral exposure to pollutants in order promote the human health." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 20: 20015-20017.

Original paper
Published: 03 May 2019 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. It has received considerable consideration worldwide in recent years due to its highest toxicity to human, and currently, high concentrations observed in the groundwater. Some recent media and research reports also highlighted possible As contamination of groundwater systems in Pakistan. However, there is a scarcity of data about As contents in groundwater in different areas/regions of the country. Consequently, the current study estimated the As concentration in the groundwater used for drinking purpose in 15 peri-urban sites of district Vehari, Pakistan. In total, 127 groundwater samples were collected and examined for As contents in addition to physicochemical characteristics such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total soluble salts, chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and barium. Results indicated that the groundwater samples were not fully fit for drinking purposes with several parameters, especially the alarming levels of As (mean As: 46.9 µg/L). It was found that 83% groundwater samples of peri-urban sites in district Vehari have As concentration greater than WHO lower permissible limit (10 µg/L). The risk assessment parameters (mean hazard quotient: 3.9 and mean cancer risk: 0.0018) also showed possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of As-contaminated groundwater at peri-urban sites. Based on the findings, it is anticipated that special monitoring and management of groundwater is necessary in the studied area in order to curtail the health risks associated with the use of As-contaminated drinking water. Moreover, appropriate remediation and removal of As from groundwater is also imperative for the study area before being used for drinking purpose to avoid As exposure and related risks to the local community.

ACS Style

Ali Haidar Shah; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Natasha; Zunaira Shabbir; Hafiz Faiq Bakhat; Behzad Murtaza; Amjad Farooq; Muhammad Akram; Ghulam Mustafa Shah; Wajid Nasim; Nabeel Khan Niazi. Assessment of arsenic exposure by drinking well water and associated carcinogenic risk in peri-urban areas of Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2019, 42, 121 -133.

AMA Style

Ali Haidar Shah, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Natasha, Zunaira Shabbir, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Behzad Murtaza, Amjad Farooq, Muhammad Akram, Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Wajid Nasim, Nabeel Khan Niazi. Assessment of arsenic exposure by drinking well water and associated carcinogenic risk in peri-urban areas of Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2019; 42 (1):121-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Haidar Shah; Muhammad Shahid; Sana Khalid; Natasha; Zunaira Shabbir; Hafiz Faiq Bakhat; Behzad Murtaza; Amjad Farooq; Muhammad Akram; Ghulam Mustafa Shah; Wajid Nasim; Nabeel Khan Niazi. 2019. "Assessment of arsenic exposure by drinking well water and associated carcinogenic risk in peri-urban areas of Vehari, Pakistan." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 1: 121-133.