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Dr. Rifat ullah khan
The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

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Communication
Published: 25 August 2021 in Animals
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In this trial, a 3 × 2 factorial design with different dietary crude protein levels (CP, 17, 19 and 21%) and two levels of exogenous protease (0 and 30,000 IU/kg) was used. A total of 540 two-week old broilers (Ross-308) was randomly allocated to experimental diets over 15–28 days of age. The interaction between dietary protein levels and enzyme supplementation showed that body weight gain was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in birds fed CP-19 (1114.7 g) and CP-21 (1108.8 g) with enzymes supplementation. Feed intake was higher (p< 0.05) in broilers fed with CP-17 than CP-19 with supplementation of the protease enzyme. Results also revealed that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p< 0.05) improved in birds fed with CP-19 and CP-21 and protease supplementation. Total tract N retention was lower (p< 0.05) in birds fed CP-17 with no enzyme than the other dietary groups. Similarly, the gross energy (GE) was significantly (p< 0.05) lower in birds fed CP-17 with or without the protease enzyme. Abdominal fat was higher (p< 0.05) in CP-17 (0.96%) without the protease enzyme. It was concluded that a diet at 19% CP with the protease enzyme improved the performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers over 15–28 days.

ACS Style

Abdul Jabbar; Muhammad Tahir; Ibrahim A. Alhidary; Mutassim A. Abdelrahman; Hani Albadani; Rifat Ullah Khan; Maria Selvaggi; Vito Laudadio; Vincenzo Tufarelli. Impact of Microbial Protease Enzyme and Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth and Nutrients Digestibility in Broilers over 15–28 Days. Animals 2021, 11, 2499 .

AMA Style

Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Tahir, Ibrahim A. Alhidary, Mutassim A. Abdelrahman, Hani Albadani, Rifat Ullah Khan, Maria Selvaggi, Vito Laudadio, Vincenzo Tufarelli. Impact of Microbial Protease Enzyme and Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth and Nutrients Digestibility in Broilers over 15–28 Days. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Jabbar; Muhammad Tahir; Ibrahim A. Alhidary; Mutassim A. Abdelrahman; Hani Albadani; Rifat Ullah Khan; Maria Selvaggi; Vito Laudadio; Vincenzo Tufarelli. 2021. "Impact of Microbial Protease Enzyme and Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth and Nutrients Digestibility in Broilers over 15–28 Days." Animals 11, no. 9: 2499.

Preprint content
Published: 22 June 2021
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A total of 700 day old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were weighed and allocated to 28 floor pens (25 birds per pen). Five diets were prepared and allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of a control (basal diet) and four levels of dried Tamarind seeds pulp (DTSP) powder at the rate of 5 (DTSP-5), 7.5 (DTSP-7.5), 10 (DTSP-10) and 12.5 (DTSP-12.5) g/kg of feed for 35 days under heat stress condition. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased significantly (P<0.05) in the DTSP fed broilers compared to the control. Blood concentration of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. However, antibody titre against New Castle disease (ND) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly (P<0.05) lower in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP4-12.5 compared to the control. However, blood HDL was significantly (P<005) higher in DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Blood LDL was significantly (P<0.05) lower in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Significantly (P<0.05) higher total leucocytes count (TLC) was found in DTSP-12.5, however, heterophils were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the same group. In contrast, lymphocytes increased significantly (P<0.05) in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 while monocytes was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the same group. In conclusion, DTSP-5 supplementation improved growth, however, redox balance, cholesterol profile and cellular and humoral immunity increased in DTSP-5, DTSP-7.5 and DTSP-12.5 in broilers exposed to heat stress.

ACS Style

Mah Hassan; Naila Chand; Rifat Ullah Khan. Mitigating Heat Stress By Dietary Manipulation of Dried Pulp of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L.) In Broilers Ration: Growth Dynamics, Lipids Profile, Redox Balance, Cellular And Humoral Immune Response. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mah Hassan, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan. Mitigating Heat Stress By Dietary Manipulation of Dried Pulp of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L.) In Broilers Ration: Growth Dynamics, Lipids Profile, Redox Balance, Cellular And Humoral Immune Response. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mah Hassan; Naila Chand; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2021. "Mitigating Heat Stress By Dietary Manipulation of Dried Pulp of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L.) In Broilers Ration: Growth Dynamics, Lipids Profile, Redox Balance, Cellular And Humoral Immune Response." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Animal Biotechnology
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The plants originated from an agroforestry system have gained immense importance in livestock health and production. The trial was planned to examine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) supplementation on the performance, blood metabolites, immunity and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. A total of 350 day old broiler chicks were divided into negative control (MLE0), positive control (antibiotic; AB-enro), M. oleifera supplementation at the concentration of 60 (MLE60), 90 (MLE90) and 120 mL/L (MLE120) of drinking water. Performance parameters such as feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio, antibody titer against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, heterophils and lymphocytes ratio, blood glucose, protein, and malanodialdehyde were determined. The results showed that carcass yield was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in MLE90 followed by MLE120 and AB-enro. MLE60 and MLE90 showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in antibody titer against New-castle (ND) and Infectious-bronchitis (IB) respectively. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower Heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio was observed in MLE90 and MLE120 compared to the negative control. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower blood glucose concentration and significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean serum protein value were found in MLE120. The MLE120 showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentration of malanodialdehyde (MDA). It was concluded that M. oleifera leaf extract supplementation at the concentration of 120 mL/L of drinking water improved carcass yield, immunity, blood metabolites and reduced lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks.

ACS Style

Aamir Khan; Muhammad Tahir; Ibrahim Alhidary; Mutassim Abdelrahman; Ayman A. Swelum; Rifat Ullah Khan. Role of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf extract on productive parameters, humoral immunity and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. Animal Biotechnology 2021, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Aamir Khan, Muhammad Tahir, Ibrahim Alhidary, Mutassim Abdelrahman, Ayman A. Swelum, Rifat Ullah Khan. Role of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf extract on productive parameters, humoral immunity and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks. Animal Biotechnology. 2021; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aamir Khan; Muhammad Tahir; Ibrahim Alhidary; Mutassim Abdelrahman; Ayman A. Swelum; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2021. "Role of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf extract on productive parameters, humoral immunity and lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks." Animal Biotechnology , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Agriculture
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In this feeding trial, a total of 500 Cobb-500 broiler (day-old) chickens were randomly assigned to a control dietary treatment (basal diet only) or supplemented with crushed seeds of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), black cumin (Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch) and ajwain (Carum copticum L.) (at 10 mg/kg each) and exogenous protease (30,000 IU/kg), respectively, in order to assess the effect of the diets on nutrient digestibility, bone strength and gut morphology. The results indicated that the digestibility coefficients of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract, calcium and phosphorous were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in protease-treated birds compared to the control. The tibia bone weight was improved (p = 0.03) in Carum copticum, Coriandrum sativum and protease-supplemented birds. Bone length increased (p < 0.05) in protease and Carum copticum fed broilers, while the robusticity index decreased (p < 0.05) in all treatments. Villus length and width decreased (p < 0.05) in Carum copticum and Bunium persicum fed broilers. From findings, it was demonstrated that exogenous protease shows comparatively better results in improving bone quality, ileal digestibility and villus morphology in broilers.

ACS Style

Abdul Hafeez; Shahid Iqbal; Arbab Sikandar; Salahud Din; Imad Khan; Saima Ashraf; Rifat Khan; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Vito Laudadio. Feeding of Phytobiotics and Exogenous Protease in Broilers: Comparative Effect on Nutrient Digestibility, Bone Strength and Gut Morphology. Agriculture 2021, 11, 228 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hafeez, Shahid Iqbal, Arbab Sikandar, Salahud Din, Imad Khan, Saima Ashraf, Rifat Khan, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Vito Laudadio. Feeding of Phytobiotics and Exogenous Protease in Broilers: Comparative Effect on Nutrient Digestibility, Bone Strength and Gut Morphology. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hafeez; Shahid Iqbal; Arbab Sikandar; Salahud Din; Imad Khan; Saima Ashraf; Rifat Khan; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Vito Laudadio. 2021. "Feeding of Phytobiotics and Exogenous Protease in Broilers: Comparative Effect on Nutrient Digestibility, Bone Strength and Gut Morphology." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 228.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Antibiotics
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed powder and zinc-glycine complex on growth parameters and cecal health of broiler following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 250 day-old male broilers (Hubbard) were distributed into five treatments as follows: I—negative control (basal diet); II—positive control (E. tenella challenge); III—group infected + Amprolium; IV—group coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 2.5 g/kg; V—coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 5.0 g/kg. From findings, a lower (p < 0.05) feed intake was noted for positive control compared to the other treatment groups. Conversely, higher (p < 0.05) body weight, dressing percentage, and feed conversion ratio were observed in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 treatments in comparison to the positive control. Moreover, the positive control showed severe cecal lesions of thickness and hemorrhages with mild congestion. The lesion scores decreased (p < 0.05) in GSP and OZ treated groups compared to the positive control. Significant (p < 0.05) lower oocyst per gram of feces was found in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 in comparison to positive control. Supplementing diet with GSP and OZ at both levels showed restoration of intense sloughing of villi. From the present findings, it can be concluded that OZ and grape seed powder positively ameliorated the growth performance, lesion score, and oocysts shedding in broilers infected with E. tenella.

ACS Style

Naila Chand; Pervez Ali; Ibrahim Alhidary; Mutassim Abdelrahman; Hani Albadani; Murad Khan; Alireza Seidavi; Vito Laudadio; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Rifat Khan. Protective Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zinc-Glycine Complex on Growth Traits and Gut Health of Broilers Following Eimeria tenella Challenge. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 186 .

AMA Style

Naila Chand, Pervez Ali, Ibrahim Alhidary, Mutassim Abdelrahman, Hani Albadani, Murad Khan, Alireza Seidavi, Vito Laudadio, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Rifat Khan. Protective Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zinc-Glycine Complex on Growth Traits and Gut Health of Broilers Following Eimeria tenella Challenge. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (2):186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naila Chand; Pervez Ali; Ibrahim Alhidary; Mutassim Abdelrahman; Hani Albadani; Murad Khan; Alireza Seidavi; Vito Laudadio; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Rifat Khan. 2021. "Protective Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zinc-Glycine Complex on Growth Traits and Gut Health of Broilers Following Eimeria tenella Challenge." Antibiotics 10, no. 2: 186.

Short communication
Published: 01 January 2021 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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In the past, taurine was not considered essential in poultry diet; however, heavy reliance on plants derived feed ingredients and environmental stresses have compelled its application inevitable. Six hundred day old male broilers (Hubbard) were supplementation with taurine at the level of 0 (TAN0), 2.5 (TAN2.5), 5 (TAN5) and 7.5 g/kg (TAN7.5) in drinking water during heat stressed conditions for a period of 35 days. On overall basis, feed intake was not significantly (p>.05) different between the treatments. At the end of the experiment, weight gain was significantly (p<.05) higher in the treatment groups. On the overall basis, FCR was significantly (p<.01) lower in the treatment groups. Abdominal fat weight was significantly (p<.01) lower in TAN5 and TAN7.5 compared to the control group. On the slaughter age (35 days) muscle fibre diameter (MFD), muscle fibre cross sectional area (MFCSA), muscle fascicle diameter (MFASD) and muscle fascicle cross-sectional area were significantly (p<.05) higher in TAN7.5 compared to the control. The results indicated that growth performance was enhanced in taurine supplemented birds irrespective of the inclusion levels during the heat stress. Abdominal fat was significantly decreased in TAN5 and TAN7.5 levels; however, muscle histological features were significantly higher in all treatment groups.

ACS Style

Abdul Hafeez; Wasim Akram; Asad Sultan; Yusuf Konca; Tugay Ayasan; Shabana Naz; Walikhan Shahzada; Rifat Ullah Khan. Effect of dietary inclusion of taurine on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle micro-measurements in broilers under cyclic heat stress. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 872 -877.

AMA Style

Abdul Hafeez, Wasim Akram, Asad Sultan, Yusuf Konca, Tugay Ayasan, Shabana Naz, Walikhan Shahzada, Rifat Ullah Khan. Effect of dietary inclusion of taurine on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle micro-measurements in broilers under cyclic heat stress. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):872-877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hafeez; Wasim Akram; Asad Sultan; Yusuf Konca; Tugay Ayasan; Shabana Naz; Walikhan Shahzada; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2021. "Effect of dietary inclusion of taurine on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle micro-measurements in broilers under cyclic heat stress." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 872-877.

Review
Published: 21 December 2020 in Sustainability
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This review article discusses the importance and effects of Selenium (Se) in sustainable dairy cows’ production. The Se is an important micronutrient in dairy cows. It is one of the important feed derived antioxidants. It participates in important enzymes and enzyme reactions to improve metabolism, growth, and the defense system of the body, which results in the improved health of animals, particularly that of the mammary gland and reproductive system, thereby improving productive and reproductive performance. The Se is usually deficient in soil due to current extensive farming strategies, so its supplementation is generally advised. Supplementation of Se in organic form is generally preferred over inorganic form due to its better incorporation and uptake, resulting in improved performance. Kidneys, liver, testis, and lungs are important sites for Se storage. The Se is excreted in urine, feces, exhaled breath, loss of skin, and hair cells. Although Se supplementation plays an important role in the profitability of dairy cows, its excess intake is toxic and should be avoided.

ACS Style

Hammad Ullah; Rifat Ullah Khan; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Vito Laudadio. Selenium: An Essential Micronutrient for Sustainable Dairy Cows Production. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10693 .

AMA Style

Hammad Ullah, Rifat Ullah Khan, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Vito Laudadio. Selenium: An Essential Micronutrient for Sustainable Dairy Cows Production. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Ullah; Rifat Ullah Khan; Vincenzo Tufarelli; Vito Laudadio. 2020. "Selenium: An Essential Micronutrient for Sustainable Dairy Cows Production." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10693.

Regular articles
Published: 21 November 2020 in Tropical Animal Health and Production
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This study was conducted to study the effect of protease as well as three dietary crude protein levels on growth and nutrient digestibility in broilers. The broiler chickens (n = 540) were assigned to six dietary treatments with six replicates. Three dietary crude protein (CP) levels (17, 19, and 21%) along with two levels of protease (0 and 30,000 IU/kg) were investigated in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement during the starter phase. Body weight was higher (P < 0.05) in group fed with CP-21; however, feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in CP-19 and CP-21. Resultantly, FCR was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in birds fed with CP-21. Similarly, body weight, feed intake, and FCR were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in enzyme-treated birds compared to the untreated birds. For practical purpose, birds fed CP-19 with protease enzyme resulted in improved FCR compared to birds fed with CP-21. The results revealed that CP and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with CP-21 along with supplementation of enzyme while abdominal fat was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the same group compared to birds fed with CP-17. These results indicated that a diet having 21% CP supplemented with 30,000 IU/kg protease enzyme was superior in improving the performance and digestibility of nutrients in broiler during the starter phase.

ACS Style

Abdul Jabbar; Muhammad Tahir; Rifat Ullah Khan; Nazir Ahmad. Interactive effect of exogenous protease enzyme and dietary crude protein levels on growth and digestibility indices in broiler chickens during the starter phase. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2020, 53, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Tahir, Rifat Ullah Khan, Nazir Ahmad. Interactive effect of exogenous protease enzyme and dietary crude protein levels on growth and digestibility indices in broiler chickens during the starter phase. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2020; 53 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Jabbar; Muhammad Tahir; Rifat Ullah Khan; Nazir Ahmad. 2020. "Interactive effect of exogenous protease enzyme and dietary crude protein levels on growth and digestibility indices in broiler chickens during the starter phase." Tropical Animal Health and Production 53, no. 1: 1-5.

Research article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The current study was conducted to assess the hematological and histopathological changes in major carp (Catla catla) exposed to different concentrations of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). For this purpose, Catla catla fish, weighing approximately 230–235 g, were randomly divided into four groups and then exposed to acute doses of Cu (1.25 ppm), Cd (4.5 ppm), and their mixture (2.25 ppm) for 96 h and then 20, 30, and 40% respectively for a period of 30 days. Results showed that red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), lymphocyte, and monocyte decreased significantly, while the total white blood cell count and neutrophil population significantly increased in experimental groups as compared with the control one. Histopathological examination of liver tissues showed karyorrhexis, hepatic cells degeneration, congestion, and hemorrhages. Microscopic analysis of gills’ sections revealed lamellar atrophy, telangiectasia, and necrosis of lamellar epithelial cells. In the kidneys, different histopathological ailments like atrophy of glomeruli, necrosis of renal tubular cells, increased urinary spaces, degeneration of renal tubules, and melanomacrophage aggregates were observed, while in the intestine, atrophy of villi, sloughing of epithelial villi, and congestion were seen after 30 days of exposure. In conclusion, the study indicates that exposure to Cu and Cd for longer period of time causes adverse hematological and histopathological changes in Catla catla fish.

ACS Style

Saima Naz; Riaz Hussain; Qudrat Ullah; Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha; Ansar Shaheen; Rifat Ullah Khan. Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (Catla catla). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 6533 -6539.

AMA Style

Saima Naz, Riaz Hussain, Qudrat Ullah, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha, Ansar Shaheen, Rifat Ullah Khan. Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (Catla catla). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (6):6533-6539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saima Naz; Riaz Hussain; Qudrat Ullah; Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha; Ansar Shaheen; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2020. "Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (Catla catla)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 6: 6533-6539.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Livestock Science
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No study has compared the effect of Nigella sativa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, fecal E. coli and heamatopoitic potential of broiler under experimental condition of Colibacillosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of N. sativa and S. cerevisiae on zootechnical characteristics, fecal microbial load and hematopoietic potential in broiler infected with Escherichia coli. A total of 400 birds (Ross 500) were randomly divided into five groups and five replicates as follow: T1, negative control; T2, positive control (infected with E. coli); T3, infected + 2% N. sativa seed powder; T4, infected + S. cerevisiae; T5, infected + antibiotic (Enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period, feed intake was lower (P0.05) in T3 (1856.60±59.1g) and T1 (1857.08±48.4g) compared to other treatments. On the basis of overall period, T5 (1.49a±0.04) showed higher (P0.05) with T2 (1.44±0.02). On day 35 of the trial, T2 (2.69 × 108± 0.54 CFU) showed higher (P0.05) in red and white blood cells count and hemoglobin concentration among the groups. Results of the present study indicated that supplementation of S. cerevisiae and N. sativa attenuated E. coli infection in broilers.

ACS Style

Ijaz Ul Haq; Abdul Hafeez; Rifat Ullah Khan. Protective effect of Nigella sativa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on zootechnical characteristics, fecal Escherichia coli and hematopoietic potential in broiler infected with experimental Colibacillosis. Livestock Science 2020, 239, 104119 .

AMA Style

Ijaz Ul Haq, Abdul Hafeez, Rifat Ullah Khan. Protective effect of Nigella sativa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on zootechnical characteristics, fecal Escherichia coli and hematopoietic potential in broiler infected with experimental Colibacillosis. Livestock Science. 2020; 239 ():104119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ijaz Ul Haq; Abdul Hafeez; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2020. "Protective effect of Nigella sativa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on zootechnical characteristics, fecal Escherichia coli and hematopoietic potential in broiler infected with experimental Colibacillosis." Livestock Science 239, no. : 104119.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Research in Veterinary Science
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Spent silkworm pupa is a valuable source of alternative protein in poultry production. Usually the spent silkworm pupae are wasted and may cause environmental pollution and off smell. This feeding experiment was performed to determine the gradual increase of silkworm substitution of soybean on the egg production performance, serum biochemistry and intestinal histological features of White Leghorns laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 250 White Leghorn laying hens were allocated to five experimental treatments. Rations were prepared in which soybean meal was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution with silkworm meal. The outcomes of the study indicated that performance was not significantly (P < .05) different among the experimental groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), uric acid and creatinin concentration did not significantly (P > .05) alter among the groups during the experimental period. Similarly, height and thickness of intestinal villi, surface of intestinal villi, number of goblet cells did not change between the control and experimental groups. It was concluded that substitution of silkworm meal with soybean meal had no hostile effect on production performance, intestinal histomorphology and blood biochemical functions of liver and kidney in White Leghorn hens.

ACS Style

Rafiullah; Sarzamin Khan; Rifat Ullah Khan; Qudrat Ullah. Does the gradual replacement of spent silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae affect the performance, blood metabolites and gut functions in White Leghorn laying hens? Research in Veterinary Science 2020, 132, 574 -577.

AMA Style

Rafiullah, Sarzamin Khan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Qudrat Ullah. Does the gradual replacement of spent silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae affect the performance, blood metabolites and gut functions in White Leghorn laying hens? Research in Veterinary Science. 2020; 132 ():574-577.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafiullah; Sarzamin Khan; Rifat Ullah Khan; Qudrat Ullah. 2020. "Does the gradual replacement of spent silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae affect the performance, blood metabolites and gut functions in White Leghorn laying hens?" Research in Veterinary Science 132, no. : 574-577.

Articles
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Applied Animal Research
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Phytogenics are being considered a suitable alternative to antibiotics as growth promoters. In the current experiment, five hundred 40-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to five treatments as follow: control (basal diet only), basal diet + Ajwan powder (10 mg/kg of feed), basal diet + Coriander powder (10 mg/kg of feed), basal diet + black Cumin powder (10 mg/kg of feed), basal diet + protease enzyme (30,000 IU/kg). The results showed that feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Coriander and protease treated birds at the end of the starter and finisher phases. On overall basis, body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in protease, black Cumin and Coriander treated birds compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in black Cumin and protease enzyme treated birds compared to the control. The results indicated that muscle fibre diameter, muscle fibre cross sectional area, muscle fascial diameter and muscle fascial cross sectional area were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in protease and black Cumin supplemented birds compared to the control. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that the performance and muscle histology were significantly improved in protease enzyme and phytogenics treated broiler.

ACS Style

Abdul Hafeez; Syed Adnan Ali Shah; Rifat Ullah Khan; Qudrat Ullah; Shabana Naz. Effect of diet supplemented with phytogenics and protease enzyme on performance, serum biochemistry and muscle histomorphology in broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020, 48, 326 -330.

AMA Style

Abdul Hafeez, Syed Adnan Ali Shah, Rifat Ullah Khan, Qudrat Ullah, Shabana Naz. Effect of diet supplemented with phytogenics and protease enzyme on performance, serum biochemistry and muscle histomorphology in broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2020; 48 (1):326-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hafeez; Syed Adnan Ali Shah; Rifat Ullah Khan; Qudrat Ullah; Shabana Naz. 2020. "Effect of diet supplemented with phytogenics and protease enzyme on performance, serum biochemistry and muscle histomorphology in broilers." Journal of Applied Animal Research 48, no. 1: 326-330.

Articles
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Applied Animal Research
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ACS Style

Zahoor Ahmad; Abdul Hafeez; Qudrat Ullah; Shabana Naz; Rifat Ullah Khan. Protective effect of Aloe vera on growth performance, leucocyte count and intestinal injury in broiler chicken infected with coccidiosis. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020, 48, 252 -256.

AMA Style

Zahoor Ahmad, Abdul Hafeez, Qudrat Ullah, Shabana Naz, Rifat Ullah Khan. Protective effect of Aloe vera on growth performance, leucocyte count and intestinal injury in broiler chicken infected with coccidiosis. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2020; 48 (1):252-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahoor Ahmad; Abdul Hafeez; Qudrat Ullah; Shabana Naz; Rifat Ullah Khan. 2020. "Protective effect of Aloe vera on growth performance, leucocyte count and intestinal injury in broiler chicken infected with coccidiosis." Journal of Applied Animal Research 48, no. 1: 252-256.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in Animals
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of malic acid and 20% palm kernel meal (PKM) on ruminal characteristics. A total of 32 growing lambs were randomly distributed into control (barley and alfalfa ha), total mixed ration (T1), TMR + 20% PKM (T2), TMR + PKC 20% + 4 mL/day malic acids (T3). Lambs were fed these diets ad libitum for 84 days. The results showed that propionic acid in the rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3. Lactic acid concentration of rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T2 while the pH increased significantly. The coloration of rumen and reticulum was improved in T3. In addition, most of the histomorphological features were higher in T3 and T2. We concluded that the addition of malic acid supplementation to lambs fed PKC caused a significant improvement in the rumen pH and decreased lactic acid concentration in growing Naemi lambs.

ACS Style

Mutassim M. Abdelrahman; Ibrahim Alhidary; Hani H. Albaadani; Mohsen Alobre; Rifat Ullah Khan; Riyadh S. Aljumaah. Effect of Palm Kernel Meal and Malic Acid on Rumen Characteristics of Growing Naemi Lambs Fed Total Mixed Ration. Animals 2019, 9, 408 .

AMA Style

Mutassim M. Abdelrahman, Ibrahim Alhidary, Hani H. Albaadani, Mohsen Alobre, Rifat Ullah Khan, Riyadh S. Aljumaah. Effect of Palm Kernel Meal and Malic Acid on Rumen Characteristics of Growing Naemi Lambs Fed Total Mixed Ration. Animals. 2019; 9 (7):408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mutassim M. Abdelrahman; Ibrahim Alhidary; Hani H. Albaadani; Mohsen Alobre; Rifat Ullah Khan; Riyadh S. Aljumaah. 2019. "Effect of Palm Kernel Meal and Malic Acid on Rumen Characteristics of Growing Naemi Lambs Fed Total Mixed Ration." Animals 9, no. 7: 408.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Pakistan Journal of Zoology
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ACS Style

Doulat Khan; Hamayun Khan; Nazir Ahmad; Muhammad Tarique Tunio; Muhammad Tahir; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Rifat Ulla Khan. Early Pregnancy Diagnosis using Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins in the Serum of Pregnant Ruminants. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2019, 52, 1 .

AMA Style

Doulat Khan, Hamayun Khan, Nazir Ahmad, Muhammad Tarique Tunio, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Rifat Ulla Khan. Early Pregnancy Diagnosis using Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins in the Serum of Pregnant Ruminants. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2019; 52 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doulat Khan; Hamayun Khan; Nazir Ahmad; Muhammad Tarique Tunio; Muhammad Tahir; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Rifat Ulla Khan. 2019. "Early Pregnancy Diagnosis using Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins in the Serum of Pregnant Ruminants." Pakistan Journal of Zoology 52, no. 2: 1.

Book chapter
Published: 09 October 2018 in Swarm Intelligence - Volume 3: Applications
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These nature-inspired techniques testified to be efficient maximum likelihood (ML) function optimizers. Their simple and less complex architectures make them worthy for non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detection problem. Genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization methods approach near optimal performance with significantly reduced computational complexity, particularly in the case of higher constellation systems and alphabet sizes with multiple transmitting antennas as compared to traditional ML detector that is computationally expensive and nonpractical to utilize. Swarm intelligence (SI) based mechanisms show their efficacy for solving MIMO detection problem as well as a promise for these heuristic algorithms to be applied in complex modulation mechanisms. One of the main contributions of the work in this chapter is to prove that SI is a useful optimization technique for classical communications issues for which these approaches were not considered very effective in the past.

ACS Style

Adnan Ahmed Khan; Zakir Ullah. Swarm intelligence based MIMO detection techniques in wireless systems. Swarm Intelligence - Volume 3: Applications 2018, 109 -137.

AMA Style

Adnan Ahmed Khan, Zakir Ullah. Swarm intelligence based MIMO detection techniques in wireless systems. Swarm Intelligence - Volume 3: Applications. 2018; ():109-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan Ahmed Khan; Zakir Ullah. 2018. "Swarm intelligence based MIMO detection techniques in wireless systems." Swarm Intelligence - Volume 3: Applications , no. : 109-137.

Article
Published: 07 March 2018 in Applied Biological Chemistry
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of optimum and high ambient temperatures on biochemical parameter of four broiler strains. Broiler chicks (n = 242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) on day 15 were divided into two groups: thermo-neutral zone (TN) group and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature (25 °C ± 2 C° and RH 65 ± 5%) while chicks in HAT group were kept under HAT of summer. Chicks in each group were further divided into four subgroups, i.e., TN-Ross, TN-Hubbard, TN-Cobb, TN-Arber Acer and HAT-Ross, HAT-Hubbard, HAT-Cobb, HAT-Arber Acer. Each subgroup was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on day 21 and 42. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HAT group, while total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in TN group. In TN zone group, significantly (P < 0.05) lower AST, ALT, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL and significantly (P < 0.05) higher HDL and total protein were recorded for Cobb and Hubbard strains. In HAT zone group, significantly (P < 0.05) lower AST, ALT, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL and significantly (P < 0.05) higher HDL and total protein were recorded for Ross and Arber Acer strains. The findings of the present study suggested that Ross and Arber Acer strains were more tolerant to summer HAT of tropical areas than Cobb and Hubbard, while Cobb and Hubbard strains were more effective in TN environment.

ACS Style

Naila Chand; Shabana Naz; Ziaur Rehman; Rifat Khan. Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature. Applied Biological Chemistry 2018, 61, 273 -279.

AMA Style

Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ziaur Rehman, Rifat Khan. Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2018; 61 (3):273-279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naila Chand; Shabana Naz; Ziaur Rehman; Rifat Khan. 2018. "Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature." Applied Biological Chemistry 61, no. 3: 273-279.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Pakistan Journal of Zoology
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Comparative Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silymarin on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Hematological Parameters of Heat Distressed Broiler

ACS Style

Asad Sultan; Sahal Ahmad; Sarzamin Khan; Rifat Ullah Khan; Naila Chand; Muhammad Tahir; Shakoor Ahmad. Comparative Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silymarin on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Hematological Parameters of Heat Distressed Broiler. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2018, 50, 1 .

AMA Style

Asad Sultan, Sahal Ahmad, Sarzamin Khan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Naila Chand, Muhammad Tahir, Shakoor Ahmad. Comparative Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silymarin on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Hematological Parameters of Heat Distressed Broiler. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2018; 50 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Sultan; Sahal Ahmad; Sarzamin Khan; Rifat Ullah Khan; Naila Chand; Muhammad Tahir; Shakoor Ahmad. 2018. "Comparative Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silymarin on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Hematological Parameters of Heat Distressed Broiler." Pakistan Journal of Zoology 50, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Pakistan Journal of Zoology
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The present study was planned to study the performance and potential profitability of four commercial broiler strains in two different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature (25ºC ± 2ºC and RH 65 ±5%) while chicks in HAT group were kept at high ambient temperature. In the TN zone, significantly (P< 0.05) higher feed intake and weight gain were recorded on day 21, 28, 35 and 42. Feed intake in TN zone was 3.02, 9.79, 9.74 and 12.14 % higher than feed intake recorded on the corresponding days in HAT while weight gain in thermoneutral zone was 9.28, 15.25, 17.48, and 15.62 % higher than weight gain recorded on the corresponding days in HAT. On day 21, 28, 35 and 42 significantly (P<0.05) lower (good) FCR was recorded in TN zone as compared to HAT zone. Higher mortality was recorded in HAT zone as compared to thermoneutral zone. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher net return per chick was recorded in TN zone as compared to HAT zone. Ross and Arber Acer performed better in terms of feed intake, weight gain, FCR and are more economical to be reared in hot summer season in tropical climates of Pakistan, while Cobb and Hubbard strains performed better in TN environment.

ACS Style

Zia Ur Rehman; Naila Chand; Rifat Ullah Khan; Sarzamin Khan; Muhammad Subhan Qureshi. An Assessment of the Growth and Profitability Potential of Meat-Type Broiler Strains under High Ambient Temperature. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2018, 50, 1 .

AMA Style

Zia Ur Rehman, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi. An Assessment of the Growth and Profitability Potential of Meat-Type Broiler Strains under High Ambient Temperature. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2018; 50 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ur Rehman; Naila Chand; Rifat Ullah Khan; Sarzamin Khan; Muhammad Subhan Qureshi. 2018. "An Assessment of the Growth and Profitability Potential of Meat-Type Broiler Strains under High Ambient Temperature." Pakistan Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
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Routing, having pivotal role in MANETs, assumes nodes' cooperation for its processes. However, this assumption exposes routing to various insider and outsider attackers. In this paper a trust management scheme named 'multi-factors trust for secure and reliable routing in MANETs (MT-SECURER)' is proposed to make routing secure and reliable against insider attackers to launch greyhole and blackhole attacks. This scheme develops trust using node's cooperation, relationship maturity and mutual friends. These factors are acquired using observer node's personal observations and neighbours' recommendations. Furthermore, neighbours' recommendations are passed through a 'dissimilarity factor based filter' to remove false recommendations. The proposed scheme is integrated in AODV routing protocol and simulations are conducted to examine its effectiveness in presence of insider attackers to launch blackhole and greyhole attacks. Experimental results show significant improvement in packet delivery ratio, throughput and normalised routing load with slightly increased average end-to-end delay when compared to contemporary schemes.

ACS Style

Zakir Ullah; Muhammad Hasan Islam; Adnan Ahmed Khan; Imran Shafi. MT-SECURER: multi-factors trust for secure and reliable routing in MANETs. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 2018, 28, 131 .

AMA Style

Zakir Ullah, Muhammad Hasan Islam, Adnan Ahmed Khan, Imran Shafi. MT-SECURER: multi-factors trust for secure and reliable routing in MANETs. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing. 2018; 28 (3):131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zakir Ullah; Muhammad Hasan Islam; Adnan Ahmed Khan; Imran Shafi. 2018. "MT-SECURER: multi-factors trust for secure and reliable routing in MANETs." International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 28, no. 3: 131.