This study presents a comprehensive look into the potential therapeutic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of a nanocomposite (NC) of gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO). In this study, we analyzed the adherence between Au nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction analysis showed high crystallinity and small crystallite sizes of Au NPs and ZnO NPs, while transmission electron microscopy showed spherical NPs. Furthermore, histogram analysis showed that the average particle size of Au NPs is 27 nm, while that of ZnO NPs is 35 nm. The adherence of ZnO NPs on the surface of Au NPs increased their combined particle size to 51 nm and revealed a high-population core-shell structure. The activity of Au/ZnO NCs against Escherichia coli was more potent when compared to that of elemental Au and ZnO NPs alone. The cytotoxic effects of Au NPs, ZnO NPs, and Au/ZnO NCs against human breast cancer cells (AMG13) and human esophageal adenocarcinoma cancer cells (SK-GT4) were investigated in this study. We found that AMG13 is more sensitive than SK-GT4 to the activity of Au/ZnO NCs. The cytotoxicity of Au/ZnO NCs against AMG13 was 89%, while that against SK-GT4 was 85%. Less cytotoxic effects were recorded against normal cells (MCF7) when compared with those of cancer cells. Based on these findings, the synthesized Au/ZnO NCs could be used as a promising strategy for biomedical applications.

In this work, bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi₂O₃ NP) were prepared by laser ablation of a solid target in distilled water. The optical and structural properties of Bi₂O₃ NPs were studied using UV–VIS spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the average particle size is less than 20 nm. The antibacterial activity of the Bi₂O₃ NPs was determined and compared with amikacin against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of Bi₂O₃ NPs was higher than the amikacin. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of Bi₂O₃ NPs against S. aureus bacteria was higher than Acinetobacter baumannii; this result was confirmed by studying the effect of Bi₂O₃ NPs in bacterial biofilm formation in eyes contact lenses using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Taken together, Bi₂O₃ NPs could be used as a preservative for contact lenses as eye drops to prevent the formation of microbial biofilms in contact lenses.

The use of whole blood and some biological specimens, such as urine, saliva, and seminal fluid are limited in clinical laboratory analysis due to the interference of proteins with other small molecules in the matrix and blood cells with optical detection methods. Previously, we developed a microfluidic device featuring an electrokinetic size and mobility trap (SMT) for on-chip extract, concentrate, and separate small molecules from a biological sample like whole blood. The device was used to on-chip filtrate the whole blood from the blood cells and plasma proteins and then on-chip extract and separate the aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs within 3 min. Herein, a novel microfluidic device featuring a nano-junction similar to those reported in the previous work formed by dielectric breakdown was developed for on-chip filtration and out-chip collection of blood plasma with a high extraction yield of 62% within less than 5 min. The filtered plasma was analyzed using our previous device to show the ability of this new device to remove blood cells and plasma proteins. The filtration device shows a high yield of plasma allowing it to detect a low concentration of analytes from the whole blood.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) involving polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), which contain amines, were produced and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UVvis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the spectral and structural analyses of PEG-PEI-SWCNTs. PEG-PEI-SWCNTs demonstrated peaks using UVvis spectroscopy at 300.98nm, have a broad peak at 2θ23.51, linked to 002 with d-spacing (3.7816), and have crystalline sizes of 8.48nm. In PEG-PEI-SWCNTs, TEM images demonstrated the accumulation of SWCNTs with PEG-PEI due to an increased main grain size with functionalization to 80.68nm. The D and G bands in PEG-PEI-SWCNTs moved to 1,292 and 1,586cm⁻¹, respectively. SWCNTs are observed as a bundle of inhomogeneous, long-curved accumulates containing multitudes of tubes. The PEG-PEI-SWCNTs have a tubular structure that demonstrates particles scattered alongside the carbon nanotube sidewalls, which indicate that PEG and PEI are conjugated to the SWCNTs. Cytotoxicity evaluation of PEG-PEI-SWCNTs (6.25100µg/mL) in the breast cancer AMJ13 cell line was conducted for 24 and 72hr, and the results showed enhanced toxicity to the tumor cells and decreased cytotoxicity against rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) normal cells.

Insulin gene mutations affect the structure of insulin and are considered a leading cause of neonatal diabetes and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus PNDM. These mutations can affect the production and secretion of insulin, resulting in inadequate insulin levels and subsequent hyperglycemia. Early discovery or prediction of PNDM can aid in better management and treatment. The current study identified potential deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms nsSNPs in the INS gene. The analysis of the nsSNPs in the INS gene was conducted using bioinformatics tools by implementing computational algorithms including SIFT, PolyPhen2, SNAP2, SNPs & GO, PhD-SNP, MutPred2, I-Mutant, MuPro, and HOPE tools to investigate the prediction of the potential association between nsSNPs in the INS gene and PNDM. Three mutations, C96Y, P52R, and C96R, were shown to potentially reduce the stability and function of the INS protein. These mutants were subjected to MDSs for structural analysis. Results suggested that these three potential pathogenic mutations may affect the stability and functionality of the insulin protein encoded by the INS gene. Therefore, these changes may influence the development of PNDM. Further researches are required to fully understand the various effects of mutations in the INS gene on insulin synthesis and function. These data can aid in genetic testing for PNDM to evaluate its risk and create treatment and prevention strategies in personalized medicine.

Background: This study aimed to observe the lipid profile in diabeticpatients and to find out correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profile. Methods: Lipid profiles, fasting blood