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Joel T Heinen
Department of Earth and environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA

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Protected area management

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Short Biography

Joel Heinen specializes in biodiversity conservation policy and has conduct4d a number of studies in the Asia/Pacific and Caribbean regions. He received his PhD at the University of Michigan and is Professor in eh Department of Earth and Environment at Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

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Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Land trusts are common and expanding mechanisms for conservation, although their impacts have been little-studied. The objective of this paper is to understand the perceptions and motivations of stakeholders of small-scale land trust conservation. We used 33 key informant interviews to learn the motivations and opinions of stakeholders regarding the Little Traverse Conservancy (LTC) of northern Michigan, USA. The interviews were coded for relevant themes and interpreted alongside a literature review. The highest reported motivation for stakeholder involvement with LTC was the protection of nature and scenic beauty. Economic and social factors were also considered motivators; however, were not the key facilitators for conservation action for LTC stakeholders. Interviews emphasized that relationship and partnership formations are critical for facilitating successful land conservation. We conclude that land trust organizations can captivate the long-term support and participation of stakeholders through the consideration of local dynamics and building upon existing community relationships.

ACS Style

Kathryn Braddock; Joel Heinen. Perceptions of, and Motivations for, Land Trust Conservation in Northern Michigan: An Analysis of Key InformantInterviews. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1609 .

AMA Style

Kathryn Braddock, Joel Heinen. Perceptions of, and Motivations for, Land Trust Conservation in Northern Michigan: An Analysis of Key InformantInterviews. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kathryn Braddock; Joel Heinen. 2021. "Perceptions of, and Motivations for, Land Trust Conservation in Northern Michigan: An Analysis of Key InformantInterviews." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1609.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Community-based conservation in the developing world generally puts more emphasis on voluntary commitments and compliance rather than enforcement of formal laws and regulations for the governance of protected areas. However, as with other forms of organizational management, once institutions are established, they are required to comply with all relevant, legally binding regulations. Furthermore, it is broadly assumed that compliance with established regulations is critical for good governance. In this paper, we review these matters through an empirical study of Conservation Area Management Committees’ degree of compliance with regulations under Nepalese law, within the Annapurna Conservation Area—one of the best-known community-based protected areas worldwide—based on quantitative content analysis of the committees’ meeting minutes from 2008 to 2012. According to the established rules, two to four women and one to five minorities serve as committee members in each instance. On average, fewer members than expected attended meetings, and the number of decisions made per meeting showed a curvilinear relationship with the number of members present as well as their demographic diversity. Of the 13 committees selected for study, only two met the legal mandate of holding six regular meetings annually within two-month intervals. In all the other cases, non-compliance was noted for one to all five years of the committees’ terms. In general, compliance declined over the five-year terms, and some committees were significantly less-compliant than others. Although enforceable decisions were made within both compliant and non-compliant committees, several problems of non-compliance were identified that may affect conservation outcomes. We suggest several possible reasons for non-compliance and argue that these may be symptoms of institutional weaknesses. Organizations that fail to meet their commitments risk liability and may also lose the formal legal authority to govern. Regular monitoring is recommended to address compliance issues.

ACS Style

Nabin Baral; Joel Heinen. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9420 .

AMA Style

Nabin Baral, Joel Heinen. Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nabin Baral; Joel Heinen. 2020. "Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9420.

Review
Published: 08 January 2020 in Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future
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We review the history, over the past half-century, of biodiversity conservation legislation and programs in Nepal. We especially consider how they have evolved in light of some earlier concerns resulting from, for example, the strict “fines and fences” conservation approaches first implemented in the 1970s, to pressing issues that emerged over time such as park-people and wildlife-human conflicts, poaching and illegal wildlife trade. We also consider how the implementation of international conservation agreements and demographic and political changes have affected conservation programs in Nepal. We finish by discussing conservation in the context of sustainable development and conclude with some thoughts on future research and managerial needs in a rapidly-changing world.

ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen; Nabin Baral; Prakash Paudel; Jay P. Sah. On the Road to Sustainability? A Review of a Half-Century of Biodiversity Conservation Successes in Nepal and Some Thoughts on Future Needs. Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen, Nabin Baral, Prakash Paudel, Jay P. Sah. On the Road to Sustainability? A Review of a Half-Century of Biodiversity Conservation Successes in Nepal and Some Thoughts on Future Needs. Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen; Nabin Baral; Prakash Paudel; Jay P. Sah. 2020. "On the Road to Sustainability? A Review of a Half-Century of Biodiversity Conservation Successes in Nepal and Some Thoughts on Future Needs." Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2019 in Sustainability
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Overexploitation to meet commercial demands has threatened the existence of many species. In theory, one can adopt a portfolio of policies and measures from both the supply (i.e., encourage cultivation while punishing poaching) and demand (i.e., education of consumers) sides to achieve sustainable use. Here we examine the effects of governmental policies and measures towards the utilization of Aquilaria sinensis, a threatened species with high cultural and economic values. We found that, despite national protected status and a suite of government initiatives and granted projects to implement cultivation of the species, poaching persisted and even intensified. From the consumer side, current cultural education related to the species was not coupled with equally strong conservation education, which might have inadvertently reinforced the notion that wild-sourced materials are better, and facilitated a luxury goods-like market for wild products. It appeared that the current government portfolio of initiatives was highly skewed towards utilization, and therefore not effective for promoting the long term ecological persistence of the species. This finding is likely not unique to A. sinensis, nor limited to China. A more balanced portfolio of government initiatives to include stronger and more direct conservation measures towards highly exploited species is needed to achieve sustainable use of this species and related species.

ACS Style

Yan Chen; Hong Liu; Joel Heinen. Challenges in the Conservation of an Over-Harvested Plant Species with High Socioeconomic Values. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4194 .

AMA Style

Yan Chen, Hong Liu, Joel Heinen. Challenges in the Conservation of an Over-Harvested Plant Species with High Socioeconomic Values. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Chen; Hong Liu; Joel Heinen. 2019. "Challenges in the Conservation of an Over-Harvested Plant Species with High Socioeconomic Values." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4194.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2017 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Nabin Baral; Sapna Kaul; Joel T. Heinen; Som B. Ale. Estimating the value of the World Heritage Site designation: a case study from Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2017, 25, 1776 -1791.

AMA Style

Nabin Baral, Sapna Kaul, Joel T. Heinen, Som B. Ale. Estimating the value of the World Heritage Site designation: a case study from Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2017; 25 (12):1776-1791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nabin Baral; Sapna Kaul; Joel T. Heinen; Som B. Ale. 2017. "Estimating the value of the World Heritage Site designation: a case study from Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25, no. 12: 1776-1791.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Heinen, J.T.; Roque, A., and Collado-Vides, L., 0000. Managerial implications of perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of residents regarding Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico. This study explores the perceptions of local residents of Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, concerning Puerto Morelos Reef National Park using semistructured and key informant surveys. Collectively, the data provide qualitative and quantitative information regarding attitudes, knowledge, and awareness of park regulations and natural resources, as well as opinions about the formation and management of the protected area. The results show large differences in knowledge and awareness based on location of households within the community. Demographic indicators including education level, nationality, and length of community residence significantly correlate with perceptions about marine protection. There was a significant relationship between awareness of economic growth provided by the protected area and the level of support for protection, but many residents–particularly newer residents, those living farther inland, and those of lower educational levels—were unaware of the park, its resources, or its management. Further understanding of the relationships between social indicators and resource management is needed for conservation of important coastal resources. The results suggest that much more public outreach and education are needed within the region.

ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen; Alexis Roque; Ligia Collado-Vides. Managerial Implications of Perceptions, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Awareness of Residents Regarding Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico. Journal of Coastal Research 2017, 33, 295 -303.

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen, Alexis Roque, Ligia Collado-Vides. Managerial Implications of Perceptions, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Awareness of Residents Regarding Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico. Journal of Coastal Research. 2017; 33 (2):295-303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen; Alexis Roque; Ligia Collado-Vides. 2017. "Managerial Implications of Perceptions, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Awareness of Residents Regarding Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico." Journal of Coastal Research 33, no. 2: 295-303.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Natural Areas Journal
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Leah Moran; Joel T. Heinen; Michael S. Ross; Zeb Weese. Book Reviews. Natural Areas Journal 2016, 36, 216 -221.

AMA Style

Leah Moran, Joel T. Heinen, Michael S. Ross, Zeb Weese. Book Reviews. Natural Areas Journal. 2016; 36 (2):216-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leah Moran; Joel T. Heinen; Michael S. Ross; Zeb Weese. 2016. "Book Reviews." Natural Areas Journal 36, no. 2: 216-221.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Biological Conservation
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Joel Heinen. Book review. Biological Conservation 2016, 193, 133 .

AMA Style

Joel Heinen. Book review. Biological Conservation. 2016; 193 ():133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel Heinen. 2016. "Book review." Biological Conservation 193, no. : 133.

Book review
Published: 11 August 2015 in Biological Conservation
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Joel T. Heinen. Man swarm: How overpopulation is killing the wild world, David Foreman, LiveTrue Books (2015), (191 pp. ISBN:10-0986383201, $12.59 (paperback)). Biological Conservation 2015, 191, 459 .

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen. Man swarm: How overpopulation is killing the wild world, David Foreman, LiveTrue Books (2015), (191 pp. ISBN:10-0986383201, $12.59 (paperback)). Biological Conservation. 2015; 191 ():459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen. 2015. "Man swarm: How overpopulation is killing the wild world, David Foreman, LiveTrue Books (2015), (191 pp. ISBN:10-0986383201, $12.59 (paperback))." Biological Conservation 191, no. : 459.

Book review
Published: 11 October 2014 in Biological Conservation
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ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen. Yellowstone’s Wildlife in Transition, P. J. White, Robert A. Garrott, Glen E. Plum (Eds.). Harvard University Press (2013). 347 pp., Hardback $45.00, ISBN: 978-0-674-07318-0. Biological Conservation 2014, 180, 41 .

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen. Yellowstone’s Wildlife in Transition, P. J. White, Robert A. Garrott, Glen E. Plum (Eds.). Harvard University Press (2013). 347 pp., Hardback $45.00, ISBN: 978-0-674-07318-0. Biological Conservation. 2014; 180 ():41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen. 2014. "Yellowstone’s Wildlife in Transition, P. J. White, Robert A. Garrott, Glen E. Plum (Eds.). Harvard University Press (2013). 347 pp., Hardback $45.00, ISBN: 978-0-674-07318-0." Biological Conservation 180, no. : 41.

Book review
Published: 20 December 2013 in Biological Conservation
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ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen. After the Grizzly: Endangered Species and the Politics of Place in California, Peter S. Alagona. The University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles (2013). vii + 323 pp., ISBN: 978-0-520-27506-5 (cloth). Biological Conservation 2013, 169, 296 .

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen. After the Grizzly: Endangered Species and the Politics of Place in California, Peter S. Alagona. The University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles (2013). vii + 323 pp., ISBN: 978-0-520-27506-5 (cloth). Biological Conservation. 2013; 169 ():296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen. 2013. "After the Grizzly: Endangered Species and the Politics of Place in California, Peter S. Alagona. The University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles (2013). vii + 323 pp., ISBN: 978-0-520-27506-5 (cloth)." Biological Conservation 169, no. : 296.

Original articles
Published: 30 August 2011 in Journal of Sustainable Forestry
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The non-timber forest products (NTFPs) sector in Nepal is being promoted with the concept of sustainable development as articulated by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Traditionally, people have been dependent on NTFPs for subsistence; however, international trade is growing. To promote this sector, Nepal adopted the 2004 Herbs and NTFP Development Policy. Our goal is to assess the effectiveness of the policy along with the other forestry and natural resource policies in Nepal concerning the conservation and use of NTFPs. We conducted open-ended semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants in summer 2006 in Nepal and collected relevant documents and publications. Qualitative analyses of data yielded important issues that should be addressed to promote the sector as envisioned by the Government. The most important is the need for inventory and research on NTFP species in widespread use. There are some issues regarding species banned under various other National Acts; the lack of marketing information and capacity building; administrative barriers; royalty rates; and illegal harvesting. The most important immediate need is the development of an NTFP Strategy and Action Plan. Our findings should help further implement the policy and promote the sector along the stated mission of conservation and sustainable development.

ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen; Ranju Shrestha-Acharya. The Non-Timber Forest Products Sector in Nepal: Emerging Policy Issues in Plant Conservation and Utilization for Sustainable Development. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2011, 30, 543 -563.

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen, Ranju Shrestha-Acharya. The Non-Timber Forest Products Sector in Nepal: Emerging Policy Issues in Plant Conservation and Utilization for Sustainable Development. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2011; 30 (6):543-563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen; Ranju Shrestha-Acharya. 2011. "The Non-Timber Forest Products Sector in Nepal: Emerging Policy Issues in Plant Conservation and Utilization for Sustainable Development." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 30, no. 6: 543-563.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2010 in ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
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Those of us who study conservation consider ourselves fortunate for the opportunity to see wild places and native species within them. We are aware, however, that the current extinction spasm will mean the loss of species and habitats to the mutual impoverishment of humanity and nature—yet we are losing much more than that.

ACS Style

Joel Heinen. No Way Home: The Decline of the World's Great Animal Migrations. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 2010, 17, 623 -624.

AMA Style

Joel Heinen. No Way Home: The Decline of the World's Great Animal Migrations. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 2010; 17 (3):623-624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel Heinen. 2010. "No Way Home: The Decline of the World's Great Animal Migrations." ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 17, no. 3: 623-624.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2010 in The Botanical Review
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The advent of the modern protected area movement began in 1872 with the creation of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. For a century thereafter, as more nations began to set up protected area systems, the movement was largely western-dominated and adhered to ‘fences and fines’ forms of conservation. As many more developing nations gained independence in the latter half of the twentieth century, it was increasingly recognized that strict forms of conservation based on western ideals of nature could not be sustained in the long term. Specifically, many rural people in developing countries are dependent on local natural resources, and the conservation rules put into place in many protected areas frequently forbade all extraction and in many cases all entry except for tourism or research. This created a climate of increasing park-people conflicts that in many cases compromised conservation goals and led to a refocus in protected areas management and research in the social sciences worldwide. Here I describe survey and non-survey based protocols developed to study the effectiveness of protected areas in the societal realm. Policy gap analyses, rapid rural appraisals, key informant and focus group surveys and structured and semi-structured social surveys are described. Such studies can allow managers to plan for interventions where needed and can aid in designing appropriate local development projects in an effort to ameliorate park-people conflicts. I finish with a preliminary social research protocol, tested in May, 2009, for Yachang Orchid Reserve, Guangxi Province, the People’s Republic of China.

ACS Style

Joel T. Heinen. The Importance of a Social Science Research Agenda in the Management of Protected Natural Areas, with Selected Examples. The Botanical Review 2010, 76, 140 -164.

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen. The Importance of a Social Science Research Agenda in the Management of Protected Natural Areas, with Selected Examples. The Botanical Review. 2010; 76 (2):140-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen. 2010. "The Importance of a Social Science Research Agenda in the Management of Protected Natural Areas, with Selected Examples." The Botanical Review 76, no. 2: 140-164.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2009 in Population and Environment
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Kaziranga National Park and World Heritage Site, Assam, India, situated in a region with a large and diverse human population, was recently expanded due to its global importance for the conservation of many endangered species. Here, we develop detailed demographic and socio-economic profiles of residents around Kaziranga to study conservation attitudes and awareness using a semi-structured survey of 590 households in 37 villages. Results show high variation in attitudes and awareness as a function of ethno-religious group, educational level, and socio-economic and immigration status, indicating more and different needs for economic interventions within some communities than others. We found a high degree of conservation awareness, but most people expressed negative conservation attitudes and almost all lost crops to wildlife. We highlight the complexity of conflict in the area and present a basis for electing a microsite planning approach for conservation and development in areas characterized by high ethnic diversity, high human population densities, and land-dependent large mammals that pose economic risks. The findings imply that highly localized development schemes and participatory approaches to resource management at the village level, coupled with greater efforts at education, are especially needed to achieve conservation and development goals in such cases.

ACS Style

Joel T. HeinenRahul; Rahul J. Shrivastava. An analysis of conservation attitudes and awareness around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India: implications for conservation and development. Population and Environment 2009, 30, 261 -274.

AMA Style

Joel T. HeinenRahul, Rahul J. Shrivastava. An analysis of conservation attitudes and awareness around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India: implications for conservation and development. Population and Environment. 2009; 30 (6):261-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. HeinenRahul; Rahul J. Shrivastava. 2009. "An analysis of conservation attitudes and awareness around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India: implications for conservation and development." Population and Environment 30, no. 6: 261-274.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2009 in ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment
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In the interest of full disclosure, let me state that I know this author, for I have had the privilege of doing research with Nepal's Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation for over two decades. Yet there is much I did not know, as foreigners are kept from many Royal secrets. One we have heard about but never seen is Tarpan, a religious ritual dating to the Rajput Kings of India from whom Nepal's Royal Family descended. It is said that a new king must kill a male rhino and, after it is eviscerated, enter the animal's body. Mishra, then a young wildlife officer, describes the burden of choosing the proper rhino (an old crop raider), as well as...

ACS Style

Joel Heinen. The Soul of the Rhino: A Nepali Adventure with Kings and Elephant Drivers, Billionaires and Bureaucrats, Shamans and Scientists, and the Indian Rhinoceros. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 2009, 16, 655 -656.

AMA Style

Joel Heinen. The Soul of the Rhino: A Nepali Adventure with Kings and Elephant Drivers, Billionaires and Bureaucrats, Shamans and Scientists, and the Indian Rhinoceros. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 2009; 16 (3):655-656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel Heinen. 2009. "The Soul of the Rhino: A Nepali Adventure with Kings and Elephant Drivers, Billionaires and Bureaucrats, Shamans and Scientists, and the Indian Rhinoceros." ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 16, no. 3: 655-656.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2009 in Environmental Practice
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Joel Heinen. Book Review: Branded: How the “Certification Revolution” Is Transforming Global Corporations. Michael E. Conroy. 2007. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, BC, Canada. Xvi + 335 pp. USD $19.95; CAD $23.95 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-86571-579-0). Environmental Practice 2009, 11, 125 -126.

AMA Style

Joel Heinen. Book Review: Branded: How the “Certification Revolution” Is Transforming Global Corporations. Michael E. Conroy. 2007. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, BC, Canada. Xvi + 335 pp. USD $19.95; CAD $23.95 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-86571-579-0). Environmental Practice. 2009; 11 (2):125-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel Heinen. 2009. "Book Review: Branded: How the “Certification Revolution” Is Transforming Global Corporations. Michael E. Conroy. 2007. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, BC, Canada. Xvi + 335 pp. USD $19.95; CAD $23.95 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-86571-579-0)." Environmental Practice 11, no. 2: 125-126.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2009 in Conservation Biology
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Joel Heinen. Singular Lessons for the Lesser Known. Conservation Biology 2009, 23, 237 -238.

AMA Style

Joel Heinen. Singular Lessons for the Lesser Known. Conservation Biology. 2009; 23 (1):237-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel Heinen. 2009. "Singular Lessons for the Lesser Known." Conservation Biology 23, no. 1: 237-238.

Original articles
Published: 01 April 2008 in Journal of Sustainable Forestry
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For landscape level conservation and rural sustenance, forests outside of protected areas are becoming increasingly important. Since most outside forests in the lowlands of Nepal are under government control and utilized as open access resources, their feasibility to achieve these objectives is questionable. We compared forests inside (with three decades of strict protection) and outside of protected areas (under government control and proposed as community forests) to assess the ecological sustainability of outside forests and to provide baseline data on structure of outside forests so that effectiveness of community forestry (after implementation) can be evaluated in the future. Our results indicate that outside forests were in a degraded condition with low tree, sapling and seedling densities and lower species diversity. Trees in lower dbh (diameter at breast height) classes were absent in these forests. Although the canopy layer was not significantly different, the ordination of plots and species showed that species composition of understory and the ground layer were different than protected forests. The present condition of outside forests is not only ecologically unsustainable but also cannot fulfill the demands for forest products of local people. The inefficiency of government to monitor against exploitation has been responsible for present conditions. We recommend that community forestry programs, which are successful in improving conditions of degraded forests in the mountains of Nepal, should be widely implemented in lowland areas (Terai) and proposed community forests should be handed over to local communities as soon as it is practicable.

ACS Style

Nilesh Timilsina; Joel T. Heinen. Forest Structure Under Different Management Regimes in the Western Lowlands of Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2008, 26, 112 -131.

AMA Style

Nilesh Timilsina, Joel T. Heinen. Forest Structure Under Different Management Regimes in the Western Lowlands of Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2008; 26 (2):112-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nilesh Timilsina; Joel T. Heinen. 2008. "Forest Structure Under Different Management Regimes in the Western Lowlands of Nepal." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 26, no. 2: 112-131.

Correspondence
Published: 31 December 2007 in Biological Conservation
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Joel T. Heinen. People in irreplaceable African sites. Biological Conservation 2007, 140, 1 .

AMA Style

Joel T. Heinen. People in irreplaceable African sites. Biological Conservation. 2007; 140 (3-4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joel T. Heinen. 2007. "People in irreplaceable African sites." Biological Conservation 140, no. 3-4: 1.