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Prof. Dr. ERTAN YILDIRIM
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25030 Yakutiye, Turkey

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0 vegetable breeding
0 organic agriculture
0 Stress physiology
0 Vegetable growing
0 Greenhouse management

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Seed germination and physiology

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Author correction
Published: 02 August 2021 in Scientific Reports
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ACS Style

Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Güleray Ağar; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Zeynep Alim; Sanem Argin. Author Correction: Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Güleray Ağar, Atilla Dursun, Raziye Kul, Zeynep Alim, Sanem Argin. Author Correction: Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Güleray Ağar; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Zeynep Alim; Sanem Argin. 2021. "Author Correction: Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-1.

Book chapter
Published: 17 June 2021 in Plant Roots [Working Title]
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Open access peer-reviewed chapter

ACS Style

Ertan Yildirim. Introductory Chapter: Plant Roots - Underground Treasure. Plant Roots [Working Title] 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ertan Yildirim. Introductory Chapter: Plant Roots - Underground Treasure. Plant Roots [Working Title]. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertan Yildirim. 2021. "Introductory Chapter: Plant Roots - Underground Treasure." Plant Roots [Working Title] , no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 07 June 2021 in Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Drought stress is a serious threat for sustainable crop production throughout the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Biochar has been proposed as a new approach to improve long-term productivity and water use efficiency. The study was purposed to evaluate the potential of biochar in enhancing the physiological and biochemical attributes of drought tolerance in cabbage seedlings. The study was conducted as a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions in Department of Horticulture of Atatürk University in Turkey. Three biochar doses (as %0 control (B0), 5% (B1), and %10 (B2) biochar addition rate) as drought-mitigating treatments were applied by weight. The irrigation levels were the control treatment (full-irrigated; I0) and the I1 treatment which was adjusted to 50% (I1) of the I0 treatment. Drought stress negatively affected the plant growth characteristics of cabbage seedlings while biochar applications alleviated the negative impacts of drought stress on plant growth characteristics of cabbage seedlings. Irrigation quantity noticeably affected the leaf water relative content (LWRC), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). The gs, Pn, Ci, and Tr of cabbage seedlings significantly reduced by 19%, 55%, 24%, 11%, and 41% respectively under lower irrigation levels. However, biochar applications caused the increase in LWRC and photosynthetic activities of cabbage seedlings under I1 compared to the control treatment. Lower irrigation level increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and sucrose content by 14%, 21%, 37%, and 11% respectively compared to the I0 treatment. Biochar applications reduced MDA, H2O2, proline, and sucrose content of the cabbage seedlings grown under lower irrigation levels. Drought stress conditions elevated significantly the antioxidant activity of cabbage seedlings. Biochar applications lowered the antioxidant activity of cabbage seedlings under water deficit conditions. Drought-stressed plants had less plant nutrient element content of leaf and root than non-stressed plants. However, biochar applications caused the nutrient element content of cabbage seedlings to increase under drought stress. In conclusion, biochar amendment improved the plant growth, photosynthetic activity, nutrient uptake, and modified physiological and biochemical characteristics in cabbage seedlings under water deficit conditions.

ACS Style

Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan. Impact of Biochar in Mitigating the Negative Effect of Drought Stress on Cabbage Seedlings. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan. Impact of Biochar in Mitigating the Negative Effect of Drought Stress on Cabbage Seedlings. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan. 2021. "Impact of Biochar in Mitigating the Negative Effect of Drought Stress on Cabbage Seedlings." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021
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Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Güleray Ağar; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Zeynep Alim; Sanem Argin. Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress. 2021, 11, 8040 .

AMA Style

Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Güleray Ağar, Atilla Dursun, Raziye Kul, Zeynep Alim, Sanem Argin. Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress. . 2021; 11 (1):8040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Güleray Ağar; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Zeynep Alim; Sanem Argin. 2021. "Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress." 11, no. 1: 8040.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in HortScience
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Plant biostimulants are microorganisms (PGPR) and/or products obtained from different organic substances that positively affect plant growth and efficiency and reduce the negative effects of abiotic challenges. Effects of biostimulants on the plant growth, yield, mineral content, antioxidant enzyme activity, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), sucrose, and proline contents of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme L.) grown in soils with two different characteristics were investigated during a pot study under greenhouse conditions. Soil I was a fertile routinely vegetable-cultivated soil. Soil II had high salinity, high CaCO3 content, and low organic matter content. Commercial biostimulant products Powhumus® (PH), Huminbio Microsense Seed® (SC), Huminbio Microsense Bio® (RE), and Fulvagra® (FU) were used as seed coatings and/or drench solutions. All biostimulant treatments improved the plant growth and yield compared with the control in both soils. All biostimulant applications were more effective in soil II than in soil I. RE was the most effective application for mineral content in soil I, whereas FU was the most effective in soil II. Antioxidant activity, H2O2, MDA, and proline contents were decreased in both soils when biostimulants were used compared with the control. Peroxide (POD) activity was greater with SC1 in soil II. The RE treatment increased the sucrose content in soil II. In conclusion, single and combined use of high-purity fulvic acid and PGPR had positive effects on the growth of cherry tomato in fertile soil and under stressed conditions.

ACS Style

Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Sanem Argin. Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils. HortScience 2021, 56, 414 -423.

AMA Style

Metin Turan, Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Sanem Argin. Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils. HortScience. 2021; 56 (4):414-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Sanem Argin. 2021. "Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils." HortScience 56, no. 4: 414-423.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Scientia Horticulturae
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The present study aimed to explore the effect of salinity on the expression of CaPAO and CaATG8c genes as well as the tolerance mechanism in pepper genotypes (Dolmalik, Carliston, and Maras). Salt-stress resulted in a considerable decrease in plant growth, photosynthetic activity, carboxylation efficiency, and cytokinin, in addition to SOD, APX, GR, GSH and GSH/GSSG in Dolmalik and Carliston genotypes. In this respect, plant growth, carboxylation efficiency and phtosythesis activity markedly were decreased in Carliston and Dolmalik genotypes by salinity stress. In contrast, a slight decreases was found in Maras genotype. Furthermore, the lowest Na+ and Cl− ion concentration was detected in the leaves of Maras genotype as compared to Dolmalik and Carliston genotypes. Therfore, salinity had a slight impact on Maras indicating greater tolerance to salinity, and salt-tolerant genotype neutralized the over-accumulation of sodium by a reduction in Cl- uptake. In peppers, CaPAO and CaATG8c genes are responsible for pheophorbide a oxygenase and autophagy activities, respectively. Based on the results, salinity caused the up-regulation of CaPAO, and this coincided with a marked decrease in chlorophyll, and a significant increase in cytokinin oxidase content in salt-sensitive genotypes. In contrast, in salt-tolerant genotype, CaPAO was down-regulated and accompanied by a reduction in cytokinin oxidase and a slight decrease in chlorophyll content. The CaATG8c expression was upregulated in salt-tolerant genotype, accompanied by the highest soluble protein content. In contrast, a slight increase in CaATG8c expression and a decrease in soluble protein content were detected in salt-sensitive genotypes. These results suggest that the expression of CaATG8c and CaPAO genes in pepper genotypes can be important for their adaption to salinity stress.

ACS Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Ertan Yildirim. Variations in response of CaPAO and CaATG8c genes, hormone, photosynthesis and antioxidative system in pepper genotypes under salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 282, 110041 .

AMA Style

Mostafakamal Shams, Ertan Yildirim. Variations in response of CaPAO and CaATG8c genes, hormone, photosynthesis and antioxidative system in pepper genotypes under salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 282 ():110041.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Ertan Yildirim. 2021. "Variations in response of CaPAO and CaATG8c genes, hormone, photosynthesis and antioxidative system in pepper genotypes under salinity stress." Scientia Horticulturae 282, no. : 110041.

Book chapter
Published: 18 December 2020 in Plant Roots [Working Title]
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Roots are generally subject to more abiotic stress than shoots. Therefore, they can be affected by such stresses as much as, or even more, than above ground parts of a plant. However, the effect of abiotic stresses on root structure and development has been significantly less studied than above ground parts of plants due to limited availability for root observations. Roots have functions such as connecting the plant to the environment in which it grows, uptaking water and nutrients and carrying them to the above-ground organs of the plant, secreting certain hormones and organic compounds, and thus ensuring the usefulness of nutrients in the nutrient solution. Roots also send some hormonal signals to the body in stress conditions such as drought, nutrient deficiencies, salinity, to prevent the plant from being damaged, and ensure that the above-ground part takes the necessary precautions to adapt to these adverse conditions. Salinity, drought, radiation, high and low temperatures, heavy metals, flood, and nutrient deficiency are abiotic stress factors and they negatively affect plant growth, productivity and quality. Given the fact that impending climate change increases the frequency, duration, and severity of stress conditions, these negative effects are estimated to increase. This book chapter reviews to show how abiotic stress conditions affect growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plant roots.

ACS Style

Raziye Kul; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Selda Ors; Ertan Yildirim. How Abiotic Stress Conditions Affects Plant Roots. Plant Roots [Working Title] 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Raziye Kul, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Selda Ors, Ertan Yildirim. How Abiotic Stress Conditions Affects Plant Roots. Plant Roots [Working Title]. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raziye Kul; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Selda Ors; Ertan Yildirim. 2020. "How Abiotic Stress Conditions Affects Plant Roots." Plant Roots [Working Title] , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2020 in South African Journal of Botany
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Sufficient quantity and quality of water are essential for vegetable production. Evaluating the individual and combined effects of drought and salt stress on plant establishment may help inform management of plant production in terms of stabilizing yield. This study investigates the effects of drought and salt stress on plant growth, nutrition elements, and select physiological parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. H2274) through a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress was applied to tomato seedlings at 3 different levels of irrigation: D0 (control), D1, and D2 at 100%, 75%, and 50% field capacity, respectively. Salinity stress was applied at 3 different doses S0, S1, and S2 at 0 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM NaCl, respectively. The effects of salinity, drought and their co-occurring stresses on growth, physiological and photosynthetic properties of tomato seedlings were statistically significant. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll reading value (CRV), and plant dry weight (DW) decreased with salt and drought treatments. However, electrolyte leakage (EL) of the leaves increased with increasing salt and drought treatments. Fresh weight (FW) of the tomato seedlings decreased 67% under the 150 mM NaCl treatment (S-2), and decreased 69% under severe drought (D2); however, the interactive effects of these two treatments together (S2D2) resulted in an 80% decrease in FW. Furthermore, dry weight (DW) decreased 80% in the S2D2 treatment compared to the control. In general, both drought and salinity altered the mineral nutrient composition by decreasing N, P, K, Fe, Ca and Z content of the tomato seedlings, but Na, B and Cl content increased. These results show that effects of salinity and drought on tomato seedlings were less detrimental for plant establishment than the combined effects of the two stresses together.

ACS Style

Selda Ors; Melek Ekinci; Ertan Yildirim; Ustun Sahin; Metin Turan; Atilla Dursun. Interactive effects of salinity and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings. South African Journal of Botany 2020, 137, 335 -339.

AMA Style

Selda Ors, Melek Ekinci, Ertan Yildirim, Ustun Sahin, Metin Turan, Atilla Dursun. Interactive effects of salinity and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings. South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 137 ():335-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selda Ors; Melek Ekinci; Ertan Yildirim; Ustun Sahin; Metin Turan; Atilla Dursun. 2020. "Interactive effects of salinity and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings." South African Journal of Botany 137, no. : 335-339.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
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Background: Salinity is one of the environmental stress factors that restrict the crop production by endangering agricultural areas. Nitric oxide (NO) protects plants from damage caused by oxidative stress conditions in various biological ways. Methods: In this greenhouse investigation during 2018, pea plants were irrigated with three levels of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) solutions. NO solutions were prepared with three different doses (0, 75 and 100 µM SNP). These solutions were applied to the seeds before sowing and then to the leaves of the pea cultivars. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of NO on growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in two pea cultivars under salinity conditions. Result: Salinity reduced fresh-dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b content of pea. However, NO enhanced these parameters under salt stress. Salinity increased tissue electrical conductance (TEC), H2O2 and MDA content, which were decreased by combined application of NaCl and NO. Salinity caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in pea and NO made a significant improvement in their activities under salinity conditions. Salinity treatments decreased the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in both cultivars, and application of NO elevated them as compared to the control under salt stress. In conclude, exogenous NO treatment could help pea to tolerate salinity stress by increasing the chlorophyll content and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake.

ACS Style

Esin Dadasoglu; Melek Ekinci; Raziye Kul; Mostafakamal Shams; Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim. Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea. LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Esin Dadasoglu, Melek Ekinci, Raziye Kul, Mostafakamal Shams, Metin Turan, Ertan Yildirim. Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea. LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL. 2020; (Of):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esin Dadasoglu; Melek Ekinci; Raziye Kul; Mostafakamal Shams; Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim. 2020. "Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea." LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL , no. Of: 1.

Book chapter
Published: 23 October 2019 in Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants
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Nowadays, due to the environmental stress factors that limit the production of crops, it has become very difficult to find suitable areas to enable the plant to reach its optimum product potential. Abiotic stress is very effective in decreasing agricultural production. Factors such as drought, salinity, high and low temperature, flood, radiation, heavy metals, oxidative stress, and nutrient deficiency can be considered as abiotic stress factors, and these sources of stress negatively affect plant growth, quality and productivity. Melatonin (MEL) was first identified in plants in 1995 and is increasingly becoming important for its role and effects in the plant system. MEL has been shown to have a substantial role in plant response to growth, reproduction, development, and different stress factors. In addition to its regulatory role, MEL also plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as metal toxicity, temperature, drought, and salinity. In plants, an important role of MEL is to alleviate the effects of abiotic stresses. In this review, the effects of MEL on plant growth, photosynthetic activity, metabolism, physiology, and biochemistry under abiotic stress conditions as a plant growth regulator will be examined.

ACS Style

Raziye Kul; Aslıhan Esringü; Esin Dadasoglu; Üstün Sahin; Metin Turan; Selda Örs; Melek Ekinci; Guleray Agar; Ertan Yildirim. Melatonin: Role in Increasing Plant Tolerance in Abiotic Stress Conditions. Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Raziye Kul, Aslıhan Esringü, Esin Dadasoglu, Üstün Sahin, Metin Turan, Selda Örs, Melek Ekinci, Guleray Agar, Ertan Yildirim. Melatonin: Role in Increasing Plant Tolerance in Abiotic Stress Conditions. Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raziye Kul; Aslıhan Esringü; Esin Dadasoglu; Üstün Sahin; Metin Turan; Selda Örs; Melek Ekinci; Guleray Agar; Ertan Yildirim. 2019. "Melatonin: Role in Increasing Plant Tolerance in Abiotic Stress Conditions." Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 07 August 2019 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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This study was planned to evaluate the role of exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the deleterious effect of salinity in Capsicum annum L. seedlings. Different NO doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM SNP) were foliarly applied to pepper seedlings grown under the non-saline and saline conditions (50, 100 and 150 mM of NaCl). The photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), mineral element (Zn, Fe, B, K, Ca and Mg) uptake, plant growth and leaf relative water content (LRWC) were decreased by NaCl treatment, but NO treatments generally improved the observed parameters. 150 mM NaCl treatment caused overaccumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 87 and 100% respectively as compared to control. However, NO application (150 µM SNP) at 150 mM of NaCl significantly decreased H2O2 and MDA to 34 and 54%, respectively. The present study clarified that the exogenous NO treatment supported pepper seedlings against salinity stress by regulating the mineral nutrient uptake, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte accumulation, and improving the LRWC and photosynthetic activity.

ACS Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Metin Turan; Guleray Agar; Raziye Kul; Ertan Yildirim. Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2019, 25, 1149 -1161.

AMA Style

Mostafakamal Shams, Melek Ekinci, Selda Ors, Metin Turan, Guleray Agar, Raziye Kul, Ertan Yildirim. Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2019; 25 (5):1149-1161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Metin Turan; Guleray Agar; Raziye Kul; Ertan Yildirim. 2019. "Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 25, no. 5: 1149-1161.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in International Letters of Natural Sciences
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The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

ACS Style

Ertran Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Raziye Kul; Metin Turan; Ayla Gür. Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application. International Letters of Natural Sciences 2019, 76, 111 -123.

AMA Style

Ertran Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Raziye Kul, Metin Turan, Ayla Gür. Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application. International Letters of Natural Sciences. 2019; 76 ():111-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertran Yildirim; Melek Ekinci; Raziye Kul; Metin Turan; Ayla Gür. 2019. "Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76, no. : 111-123.

Articles
Published: 30 June 2019 in Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
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Combinations of inorganic nitrogen and biological fertilizers are currently advised for integrated nutrient management. To prevent agricultural fish waste from polluting water sources, recycling of the organic waste of fish manure is advised. This study was conducted to determine effect of combinations of ammonium nitrate and fish manure on yield and spinach content under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of fish manure (FM), ammonium nitrate (N) and the combination of fish manure and commercial fertilizer, with four doses of nitrogen (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha−1). Applications significantly affected leaf and root fresh and dry weights, nutrient element, antioxidant enzymes and the flavonoid content of spinach. Plant growth, chemical composition and yield were superior in treatments with 150–200 kg ha−1 nitrogen doses with the combination of FM and N. FM application with N treatment provided maximum spinach yield and plant growth by reducing the use of commercial N fertilizer.

ACS Style

Melek Ekinci; Muhammet Atamanalp; Metin Turan; Gonca Alak; Raziye Kul; Nurgul Kitir; Ertan Yildirim. Integrated Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fish Manure: Effects on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Spinach. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2019, 50, 1580 -1590.

AMA Style

Melek Ekinci, Muhammet Atamanalp, Metin Turan, Gonca Alak, Raziye Kul, Nurgul Kitir, Ertan Yildirim. Integrated Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fish Manure: Effects on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Spinach. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2019; 50 (13):1580-1590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melek Ekinci; Muhammet Atamanalp; Metin Turan; Gonca Alak; Raziye Kul; Nurgul Kitir; Ertan Yildirim. 2019. "Integrated Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fish Manure: Effects on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Spinach." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50, no. 13: 1580-1590.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
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In order to evaluate the effects of polyamines on plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of pepper seedlings grown under salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl), putrescine (Put), spermine (Spr) and spermidine (Spd) were foliarly applied to the seedlings under controlled greenhouse conditions. The effects of polyamines on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, chlorophyll reading value (CRV), stoma conductance (SC), tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), leaf relative water content (LRWC), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of pepper seedlings were significant under salt stress. As salt concentration increased, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, CRV, plant and root fresh and dry weight, and LRWC lowered but an increase in TEC occurred. However, polyamine treatments improved the parameters investigated under salt stress. In the study, it has been determined that the negative effects of salt stress can be mitigated with exogenously polyamine applications to the pepper seedlings.

ACS Style

Melek Ekinci; Ertan Yildirim; Atilla Dursun; Noor Mohamedsrajaden. Putresin, Spermin ve Spermidin Uygulamalarının Biber (Capsicum annum L.) Fidesinde Tuz Stresi Zararını Hafifletici Etkisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2019, 29, 290 -299.

AMA Style

Melek Ekinci, Ertan Yildirim, Atilla Dursun, Noor Mohamedsrajaden. Putresin, Spermin ve Spermidin Uygulamalarının Biber (Capsicum annum L.) Fidesinde Tuz Stresi Zararını Hafifletici Etkisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 29 (2):290-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melek Ekinci; Ertan Yildirim; Atilla Dursun; Noor Mohamedsrajaden. 2019. "Putresin, Spermin ve Spermidin Uygulamalarının Biber (Capsicum annum L.) Fidesinde Tuz Stresi Zararını Hafifletici Etkisi." Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 29, no. 2: 290-299.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
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ACS Style

Ertan Yildirim; Cüneyt Civelek. Glisin Betain Uygulamalarının Tuz Stresi Altında Domatesin Bazı Büyüme ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2019, 50, 153 -158.

AMA Style

Ertan Yildirim, Cüneyt Civelek. Glisin Betain Uygulamalarının Tuz Stresi Altında Domatesin Bazı Büyüme ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019; 50 (2):153-158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ertan Yildirim; Cüneyt Civelek. 2019. "Glisin Betain Uygulamalarının Tuz Stresi Altında Domatesin Bazı Büyüme ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi." Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 50, no. 2: 153-158.

Original article
Published: 28 February 2019 in Environmental Sustainability
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Copper is an essential element for plants, but its higher concentration can make disruption in plant growth. The current study was conducted to determine the impact of excess copper (Control 0.2, 200 and 400 µM of copper sulfate) on growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity in lettuce. The results of this study highlighted that chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were higher in the plants exposed to copper treatments. The peroxidase activity (POD) showed a different behavior depending upon the copper concentration; in this respect, 200 and 400 µM of copper sulfate increased POD activity by 59% and 32%, respectively in comparison to the untreated one. Copper application causes a decrease in leaf area (leaf expansion), root and shoot dry weight. Copper sulfate clearly decreased N, K, P, Si, Zn and Mg content in leaves and roots, whereas it increased B content in roots. Based on the outcomes of the current study, it can be concluded that lettuce showed tolerance to copper toxicity by alteration in mineral nutrition uptake, enzyme activity, chlorophyll content and leaf expansion.

ACS Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Ertan Yildirim. Growth, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to excess copper. Environmental Sustainability 2019, 2, 67 -73.

AMA Style

Mostafakamal Shams, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, Atilla Dursun, Raziye Kul, Ertan Yildirim. Growth, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to excess copper. Environmental Sustainability. 2019; 2 (1):67-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mostafakamal Shams; Melek Ekinci; Metin Turan; Atilla Dursun; Raziye Kul; Ertan Yildirim. 2019. "Growth, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to excess copper." Environmental Sustainability 2, no. 1: 67-73.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Scientia Horticulturae
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To understand the effects of salt and drought stress factors on the growth, physiological and biochemical responses of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), a greenhouse experiment was conducted with different levels of salinity (S0: tap water, S1: tap water containing extra 75 mM dose of NaCl, and S2: tap water containing extra 150 mM dose of NaCl), irrigation quantity (W0: Full-irrigation, W1: irrigation with 80% of the W0, and W2: irrigation with 60% of the W0), and their combinations. The results showed that antioxidant activity, proline and sucrose contents increased under both salinity and drought stress as well as their combination. Moreover, oxidative damage indicating parameters such as electrical leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased as well. Increased level of salinity and drought stress caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf relative water content (LRWC), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic activity (An), intercellular CO2 content (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). We observed that proline and sucrose contents could not stimulate the growth of plant under increased levels of salinity and drought stress. Individual drought and salt stress conditions have negatively affected plant growth including the shoot, root fresh and dry weights when applied separately. On the other hand, the combination of drought and salinity enhanced the adverse effects of each stress factor.

ACS Style

Ustun Sahin; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Metin Turan; Suzan Yildiz; Ertan Yildirim. Effects of individual and combined effects of salinity and drought on physiological, nutritional and biochemical properties of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 240, 196 -204.

AMA Style

Ustun Sahin, Melek Ekinci, Selda Ors, Metin Turan, Suzan Yildiz, Ertan Yildirim. Effects of individual and combined effects of salinity and drought on physiological, nutritional and biochemical properties of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 240 ():196-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ustun Sahin; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Metin Turan; Suzan Yildiz; Ertan Yildirim. 2018. "Effects of individual and combined effects of salinity and drought on physiological, nutritional and biochemical properties of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)." Scientia Horticulturae 240, no. : 196-204.

Book chapter
Published: 19 September 2018 in Peat
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Nurgul Kitir; Ertan Yildirim; Üstün Şahin; Metin Turan; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Raziye Kul; Hüsnü Ünlü; Halime Ünlü. Peat Use in Horticulture. Peat 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Nurgul Kitir, Ertan Yildirim, Üstün Şahin, Metin Turan, Melek Ekinci, Selda Ors, Raziye Kul, Hüsnü Ünlü, Halime Ünlü. Peat Use in Horticulture. Peat. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurgul Kitir; Ertan Yildirim; Üstün Şahin; Metin Turan; Melek Ekinci; Selda Ors; Raziye Kul; Hüsnü Ünlü; Halime Ünlü. 2018. "Peat Use in Horticulture." Peat , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2018 in Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
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Melek Ekinci; Selda Örs; Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim. Nitrik Oksit Uygulamalarının Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Şartlarına Toleransı Arttırmadaki Etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2018, 28, 254 -265.

AMA Style

Melek Ekinci, Selda Örs, Metin Turan, Ertan Yildirim. Nitrik Oksit Uygulamalarının Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Şartlarına Toleransı Arttırmadaki Etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 28 (2):254-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melek Ekinci; Selda Örs; Metin Turan; Ertan Yildirim. 2018. "Nitrik Oksit Uygulamalarının Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Şartlarına Toleransı Arttırmadaki Etkileri." Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 28, no. 2: 254-265.

Review
Published: 08 February 2018 in Regional Environmental Change
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Climate change and a growing population around the Mediterranean Rim are increasing the need for water and, consequently, the pressure on resources in terms of both quantity and quality. High-quality water should be primarily reserved to drinking water while reclaimed water is an alternative for other usages. A review of situations in Tunisia, Jordan, France, and Italy involving the use of reclaimed water highlights the disparity in national regulations governing this alternative water resource and in its management. On the first hand, the use of recycled water for irrigation can have an adverse impact on public health and the environment, depending on treatment and irrigation practices. On the other hand, it may also represent a new source of water: wastewater should no longer be considered as waste but, rather, as a new resource to be handled in a circular economy-type loop. Current scientific knowledge in agronomic and environmental sciences, as well as in the economic and social sciences, can be integrated and used to lower the associated risk through the effective management of irrigation using recycled water and to address the following questions: (i) How can the time-varying nutrient needs of crops be managed to operate safe environmental reuse within an adapted risk assessment framework? (ii) What socio-economic models can render this integrated approach sustainable? (iii) What treatment systems and irrigation technology can be used to support these ideas and with what information? (iv) What changes in the regulations are needed?

ACS Style

Nassim Ait-Mouheb; Akiça Bahri; Bechir Ben Thayer; Boumediene Benyahia; Guilhem Bourrié; Brahim Cherki; Nicolas Condom; Rémi Declercq; Adem Gunes; Marc Heran; Nurgul Kitir; Bruno Molle; Dominique Patureau; Alfieri Pollice; Alain Rapaport; Pierre Renault; Khalifa Riahi; Bruno Romagny; Tewfik Sari; Carole Sinfort; Jean-Philippe Steyer; Samer Talozi; Bulent Topcuoglu; Metin Turan; Nathalie Wéry; Ertan Yıldırım; Jérôme Harmand. The reuse of reclaimed water for irrigation around the Mediterranean Rim: a step towards a more virtuous cycle? Regional Environmental Change 2018, 18, 693 -705.

AMA Style

Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Akiça Bahri, Bechir Ben Thayer, Boumediene Benyahia, Guilhem Bourrié, Brahim Cherki, Nicolas Condom, Rémi Declercq, Adem Gunes, Marc Heran, Nurgul Kitir, Bruno Molle, Dominique Patureau, Alfieri Pollice, Alain Rapaport, Pierre Renault, Khalifa Riahi, Bruno Romagny, Tewfik Sari, Carole Sinfort, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Samer Talozi, Bulent Topcuoglu, Metin Turan, Nathalie Wéry, Ertan Yıldırım, Jérôme Harmand. The reuse of reclaimed water for irrigation around the Mediterranean Rim: a step towards a more virtuous cycle? Regional Environmental Change. 2018; 18 (3):693-705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nassim Ait-Mouheb; Akiça Bahri; Bechir Ben Thayer; Boumediene Benyahia; Guilhem Bourrié; Brahim Cherki; Nicolas Condom; Rémi Declercq; Adem Gunes; Marc Heran; Nurgul Kitir; Bruno Molle; Dominique Patureau; Alfieri Pollice; Alain Rapaport; Pierre Renault; Khalifa Riahi; Bruno Romagny; Tewfik Sari; Carole Sinfort; Jean-Philippe Steyer; Samer Talozi; Bulent Topcuoglu; Metin Turan; Nathalie Wéry; Ertan Yıldırım; Jérôme Harmand. 2018. "The reuse of reclaimed water for irrigation around the Mediterranean Rim: a step towards a more virtuous cycle?" Regional Environmental Change 18, no. 3: 693-705.