A review of energetic coordination compounds (metal complexes) that show promise for application in safety initiation tools is conducted. Green substances meeting most environmental requirements, as...

“Green” laboratory procedures have been developed for the synthesis and purification of 5-nitrotetrazole sodium salt, a key precursor of promising energetic compounds. The procedures can be safely scaled up.

Rapid processes of tetrazole decomposition serve as sources of chemical energy stored in the five-membered ring, as well as gaseous products, primarily molecular nitrogen. Due to these properties, energetic tetrazole derivatives have found applications in various fields of science, engineering and technology, for example as components of energetic materials and products, as well as in emergency rescue equipment. The review presents an alternative view of the processes of tetrazoles decomposition, focusing on the diversity, differences, and similarities of the mechanisms and degradation products formed under the action of external energy sources. Some of these products are valuable reagents for the synthesis of previously inaccessible substances, as well as promising objects of analytical, medical, and bioorthogonal chemistry. Bibliography includes 140 references.

It has been shown that defect-free Stone–Wales (SW) free few-layer graphene (FLG) can be obtained by carbonizing lignin under conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The obtained few-layer graphene was used as a modifying additive for pyrotechnic compositions. It was found that the addition of 2.5 mass % of few-layer graphene synthesized from lignin to a pyrotechnic complex based on porous silicon and fluoropolymer leads to a significant increase in the combustion intensity of pyrotechnic compositions.

The results of quantum chemical calculations for isolated molecules of pentaammine-(5-cyano-2H-tetrazolato-N²)cobalt(III) perchlorate, pentaammine-(5-nitrotetrazolato-N²)cobalt(III) perchlorate, tetraammine-cis-bis(5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N²)cobalt(III) perchlorate, and tetraammine-cis-bis(1-methyl-5-aminotetrazolo-N³,N⁴)cobalt(III) perchlorate, as well as of the products of their possible initial decomposition stage were presented. The energetics and pathways of such reactions were determined. For the first time with the use of quantum chemical calculations it was shown that the decomposition of cobalt amminates can start with destruction of the tetrazole ligand and elimination of molecular nitrogen, rather than with dissociation of the coordinated ammonia molecule from the inner sphere of the cobalt(III) complex. The activation and dissociation energies of these processes were determined.