Background: High-throughput sequencing technology is capable to identify novel short RNAs in plant species. We used Solexa sequencing to find new microRNAs in one of the model legume species, barrel medic (Medicago truncatula).Results: 3,948,871 reads were obtained from two separate short RNA libraries generated from total RNA extracted fromM. truncatulaleaves, representing 1,563,959 distinct sequences. 2,168,937 reads were mapped to the availableM. truncatulagenome corresponding to 619,175 distinct sequences. 174,504 reads representing 25 conserved miRNA families showed perfect matches to known miRNAs. We also identified 26 novel miRNA candidates that were potentially generated from 32 loci. Nine of these loci produced eight distinct sequences, for which the miRNA* sequences were also sequenced. These sequences were not described in other plant species and accumulation of these eight novel miRNAs was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Potential target genes were predicted for most conserved and novel miRNAs.Conclusion: Deep sequencing of short RNAs fromM. truncatulaleaves identified eight new miRNAs indicating that specific miRNAs exist in legume species.