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The Paris Agreement requires radical action across all policy sectors and at all scales of government. This paper argues that without a clear framework for sectoral budget setting which takes account of interactions across spatial scales, incoherent and inadequate policy responses will result. Using a case study of the transport sector within the UK, which has committed to a zero carbon pathway in law, we look at three key elements which have to be considered in setting out a new framework: budget coherence, accounting coherence and policy coherence. Using top-down and bottom-up examples emerging from practices today in the UK, we demonstrate that there are no ‘optimal’ solutions but a set of choices, all of which appear to be better than the patchwork of approaches emerging in the absence of a framework. A multi-scalar approach is essential as transport crosses spatial boundaries and the policy system places different levers at different scales. Transparency will be beneficial for honesty with the public and the difficult politics this rapid transition necessitates. It will also mitigate against blame shifting across governments between and within scales and the resultant inaction which characterized the previous decade of supposed ‘climate action’.
Greg Marsden; Jillian Anable. Behind the Targets? The Case for Coherence in a Multi-Scalar Approach to Carbon Action Plans in the Transport Sector. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7122 .
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Jillian Anable. Behind the Targets? The Case for Coherence in a Multi-Scalar Approach to Carbon Action Plans in the Transport Sector. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Jillian Anable. 2021. "Behind the Targets? The Case for Coherence in a Multi-Scalar Approach to Carbon Action Plans in the Transport Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7122.
There has been widespread interest in the potential for the significant behavioural and policy adaptations rendered necessary by Coronavirus to act as a catalyst for radical longer term policy change in transport. However, this body of work to date has been limited in its consideration of how such policy change might be brought about. Translating the lessons from the Coronavirus response to other ongoing strategic challenges such as decarbonisation requires analysis of what the pandemic has revealed about processes of policy formulation and how institutions responsible for policy implementation actually work. This paper explores the extent to which rapid policy change has actually been possible in the transport sector in England and Scotland during the pandemic, and key examples of how such change has been both achieved and blocked. Two rounds of interviews with senior stakeholders from across the transport sector were undertaken in June and November 2020 to inform the analysis. We find that the pandemic has accelerated some policy commitments that were already planned, but at a time of huge stress on the whole of government and its partner delivery organisations, the potential to deliver radical policy adaptation was limited. However, Coronavirus is recognised as being a potentially path-changing disruption to existing trajectories in terms of the adaptations to business practices, industry structures, ways of working and the public finances. Paradoxically, whilst recognising these uncertainties, decision-makers are yet to deviate from pre-pandemic planning assumptions and policy plans and this risks missing the opportunities to steer how those changes unfold.
Greg Marsden; Iain Docherty. Mega-disruptions and policy change: Lessons from the mobility sector in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. Transport Policy 2021, 110, 86 -97.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Iain Docherty. Mega-disruptions and policy change: Lessons from the mobility sector in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. Transport Policy. 2021; 110 ():86-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Iain Docherty. 2021. "Mega-disruptions and policy change: Lessons from the mobility sector in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK." Transport Policy 110, no. : 86-97.
This paper explores the carbon impacts of the reductions in commute travel which resulted from restrictions placed on the general population in the UK. The article uses anonymised and aggregated mobile data for the period February 2020 to June 2020 to understand how commute trips changed spatially. This has been linked to journey length and emissions data to produce estimates of the consequent reductions in CO~2~ (an average range of 17-60%). At a local level, the key factors that contributed to substantial CO~2~ reductions were high car ownership, paired with the prevalence of specific industrial employment types that could readily transition from a desk-based work to virtual working.
Kadambari Lokesh; Greg Marsden. Estimates of the Carbon Impacts of Commute Travel Restrictions due to COVID-19 in the UK. Findings 2021, 21574 .
AMA StyleKadambari Lokesh, Greg Marsden. Estimates of the Carbon Impacts of Commute Travel Restrictions due to COVID-19 in the UK. Findings. 2021; ():21574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKadambari Lokesh; Greg Marsden. 2021. "Estimates of the Carbon Impacts of Commute Travel Restrictions due to COVID-19 in the UK." Findings , no. : 21574.
Greg Marsden; Louise Reardon. Introduction to special section on transport governance. Transport Policy 2020, 98, 158 -159.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Louise Reardon. Introduction to special section on transport governance. Transport Policy. 2020; 98 ():158-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Louise Reardon. 2020. "Introduction to special section on transport governance." Transport Policy 98, no. : 158-159.
With governments around the world committed to radically reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and transport-related mobilities making up a significant proportion of current carbon emissions, questions of how to change mobility systems have become a pressing concern. Yet the urgency of this challenge cannot be met with more of the same – particularly in terms of narrow discussions of behaviour change that fail to draw upon the wealth of relevant social scientific research. New methods of collaborating and bringing together communities – whether policymakers, academics, or publics – will also be key. Greg Marsden brings a particularly interesting set of perspectives to the question of what future travel demand might look like, and how we can change practices to get there. While currently a Professor of Transport Governance at Leeds University, Greg has spent significant periods working with policymakers – both within Transport for London and supporting the UK Parliament Transport Select Committee, which scrutinises the UK Department for Transport’s (DfT) spending and policies. Our conversation looks at how spaces can be fostered for new ways of thinking, communicating and collaborating to address the challenge of rapidly decarbonising transport systems. Though largely focused upon the UK, the conversation highlights issues related to policy engagement, theory and evidence, and understandings of sharing that will have much wider relevance.
Allison Hui; Greg Marsden. Steering the future of travel demand: an interview with Greg Marsden about building dialogues and changing practices. Applied Mobilities 2020, 1 -8.
AMA StyleAllison Hui, Greg Marsden. Steering the future of travel demand: an interview with Greg Marsden about building dialogues and changing practices. Applied Mobilities. 2020; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllison Hui; Greg Marsden. 2020. "Steering the future of travel demand: an interview with Greg Marsden about building dialogues and changing practices." Applied Mobilities , no. : 1-8.
Theorising the relationships between information communication technology (ICT), travel and work continues to preoccupy researchers interested in multinational corporations (MNCs). One motivation is the desire to understand ways of reducing demand for and the negative consequences of business travel. Existing studies offer, however, little in the way of theoretical explanation of why situations that require travel arise in the first instance and how they might be avoided. To address this shortcoming, this paper analyses two case study engineering consultancy MNCs to develop a novel sociomaterial perspective on the role of travel and ICTs. It introduces the concept of the synthetic work mobility situation which highlights the way ICT and travel exert agency that constitutes ways of working and the organisational form of MNCs. The concept also recasts questions about ways of reducing demand for travel as questions about ways of reconstituting the sociomaterial organisation of the MNC.
James Faulconbridge; Ian Jones; Greg Marsden; Jillian Anable. Work, ICT and travel in multinational corporations: the synthetic work mobility situation. New Technology, Work and Employment 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJames Faulconbridge, Ian Jones, Greg Marsden, Jillian Anable. Work, ICT and travel in multinational corporations: the synthetic work mobility situation. New Technology, Work and Employment. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames Faulconbridge; Ian Jones; Greg Marsden; Jillian Anable. 2020. "Work, ICT and travel in multinational corporations: the synthetic work mobility situation." New Technology, Work and Employment , no. : 1.
This paper aims to provoke fundamental thinking and action around the value and importance of socially-equitable development to the economic advancement, resilience, and prosperity of communities, as we contend with the 21st Century grand challenge of the changing climate and disasters. As local communities and the global community have experienced an increased frequency, intensity and duration of natural and man-made disasters over the past several decades, opportunities have also grown to identify and reap the benefits of socially-equitable economic development. Reflecting on the COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the critical importance of socially-equitable economic development to the resilience and sustainability of communities and the infrastructure that supports them. To this end, we: (1) examine what constitutes socially-equitable economic development at different spatial scales of community; (2) explore whether socially-equitable development can occur at different scales of community; (3) explicate the importance of formally considering the inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes for socially-equitable development; (4) explain why the pursuit of equal distribution of the benefits and burdens of development is a necessary but not sufficient endeavor for socially-equitable economic development; (5) analyze the relationships between socially-equitable development, and resilient and sustainable infrastructure and communities; (6) explain why socially-equitable development should be a key component of infrastructure and community resilience strategies in the 21st Century; and, (7) explain why socially-equitable development can ultimately be viewed as a long-term strategy for prosperity.
Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy; Samuel Labi; Brian Woodall; Greg Marsden; Emily Grubert. Role of Socially-Equitable Economic Development in Creating Resilient and Sustainable Systems: COVID-19-Related Reflections. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAdjo Amekudzi-Kennedy, Samuel Labi, Brian Woodall, Greg Marsden, Emily Grubert. Role of Socially-Equitable Economic Development in Creating Resilient and Sustainable Systems: COVID-19-Related Reflections. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdjo Amekudzi-Kennedy; Samuel Labi; Brian Woodall; Greg Marsden; Emily Grubert. 2020. "Role of Socially-Equitable Economic Development in Creating Resilient and Sustainable Systems: COVID-19-Related Reflections." , no. : 1.
The continued failure to put transport on a robust low carbon transition pathway calls for new approaches in policy and research. In studies of transport systems and patterns of mobility, established approaches to data collection, analysis and subsequent policy design have focused on capturing ‘typical’ conditions rather than identifying the potential for substantive change. This focus on the apparent aggregate stability of the transport regime has reproduced a belief in policy circles that our current travel patterns are largely fixed and therefore very difficult to alter, which in turn has resulted in an over reliance on implausible assumptions about the carbon reductions that can be achieved through technological improvements such as low emission vehicles. This paper argues that there is potentially much greater adaptive capacity in the mobility system than currently allowed for. It illustrates this potential through the investigation of actual adaptations made during a set of specific ‘disruptive’ events. The paper concludes by suggesting that we can go further in reducing the demand for travel if we broaden the scope of intervention to take a wider view of when and how mobility matters to participation in activities across the population. This could enable an acceleration of existing trends which suggest the potential for less mobility and therefore less carbon intensive lives.
Greg Marsden; Jillian Anable; Tim Chatterton; Iain Docherty; James Faulconbridge; Lesley Murray; Helen Roby; Jeremy Shires. Studying disruptive events: Innovations in behaviour, opportunities for lower carbon transport policy? Transport Policy 2020, 94, 89 -101.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Jillian Anable, Tim Chatterton, Iain Docherty, James Faulconbridge, Lesley Murray, Helen Roby, Jeremy Shires. Studying disruptive events: Innovations in behaviour, opportunities for lower carbon transport policy? Transport Policy. 2020; 94 ():89-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Jillian Anable; Tim Chatterton; Iain Docherty; James Faulconbridge; Lesley Murray; Helen Roby; Jeremy Shires. 2020. "Studying disruptive events: Innovations in behaviour, opportunities for lower carbon transport policy?" Transport Policy 94, no. : 89-101.
Greg Marsden; Iain Docherty; Robyn Dowling. Parking futures: Curbside management in the era of ‘new mobility’ services in British and Australian cities. Land Use Policy 2020, 91, 104012 .
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Iain Docherty, Robyn Dowling. Parking futures: Curbside management in the era of ‘new mobility’ services in British and Australian cities. Land Use Policy. 2020; 91 ():104012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Iain Docherty; Robyn Dowling. 2020. "Parking futures: Curbside management in the era of ‘new mobility’ services in British and Australian cities." Land Use Policy 91, no. : 104012.
Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt, persist, and transform as a reaction to threats, which may be external or internal to the system, while vulnerability is the state of being susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the inability to adapt. Based on a study of the threats that can affect urban mobility, we identified a gap regarding the analysis of the levels of resilience and vulnerability in the face of subsidy threats that can severely affect developing countries. This article measures the level of resilience and vulnerability due to the absence of public transport fare subsidies. For this purpose, we developed an approach based on fuzzy logic and applied it in 33 administrative regions (ARs) of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained four matrices of the levels of vulnerability and resilience of each of the regions as an origin and destination. The results show that areas nearest to the downtown region and those with high-capacity transportation available (commuter train and/or subway, systems with many transfer points) are more resilient, while a high level of vulnerability is associated with low income, negative socioeconomic indicators, and the predominance of road transportation to reach jobs. The contribution of this paper is the method applied to analyse the levels of vulnerability and resilience of public transport, which includes a threat that can cause a rupture that impacts routines and job accessibility in a region.
Tálita Santos; Marcelino Aurélio Silva; Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes; Greg Marsden. Resilience and Vulnerability of Public Transportation Fare Systems: The Case of the City of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 647 .
AMA StyleTálita Santos, Marcelino Aurélio Silva, Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes, Greg Marsden. Resilience and Vulnerability of Public Transportation Fare Systems: The Case of the City of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTálita Santos; Marcelino Aurélio Silva; Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes; Greg Marsden. 2020. "Resilience and Vulnerability of Public Transportation Fare Systems: The Case of the City of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 647.
Public acceptability is a major concern for road pricing schemes in Western countries but has not yet been sufficiently studied in the context of Chinese cities, a number of which are considering the introduction of such travel constraint measures. This study explores factors influencing public acceptability of a proposed congestion charge in the City of Beijing. In so doing, the study focuses on understanding the appropriateness of Western frameworks for assessing public acceptability in the Chinese context. Through literature review and focus groups a survey to test different public acceptability constructs was developed (N = 1104). A Structural Equation Model was used to analyze relationships that exist among the different aspects of public acceptability. The results demonstrate that public acceptability is dominantly influenced by the level of trust toward the Government and experts. Various determinants in the Western context, such as access to information and perceived effectiveness were not found to have a significant impact on public acceptability. The results imply that public acceptability of congestion charging in the Chinese context has a stronger resonance with wider social issues such as equity than more specific transport problems such as congestion. As such, attempting to present evidence on the anticipated effectiveness of the policy in alleviating congestion and smog may not make the policy more acceptable to the public. The overall inference of the study is that contextual factors are more important than has been previously considered within public acceptability studies.
Qiyang Liu; Karen Lucas; Greg Marsden. Public acceptability of congestion charging in Beijing, China: How transferrable are Western ideas of public acceptability? International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2019, 15, 97 -110.
AMA StyleQiyang Liu, Karen Lucas, Greg Marsden. Public acceptability of congestion charging in Beijing, China: How transferrable are Western ideas of public acceptability? International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2019; 15 (2):97-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiyang Liu; Karen Lucas; Greg Marsden. 2019. "Public acceptability of congestion charging in Beijing, China: How transferrable are Western ideas of public acceptability?" International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 15, no. 2: 97-110.
Since the 1960s, development of the transport system has been framed by the notion of forecasting future demand. Yet the past decade or more appears to signal some significant changes to the role of travel in society which are having a material impact on how much people travel (and may travel in the future). Coupled with the potential for major technological changes and a range of climate adaptation scenarios, the future of mobility presents today’s decision making on transport strategy and investment with a broader set of uncertainties than has previously been considered. This paper examines current mainstream practice for incorporating uncertainty into decision-making, through an illustrative case study of the highly codified approaches of the Department for Transport in England. It deconstructs the issue by first focussing on different ways in which there is an opening out or acceptance of new uncertainties and how this creates a (wider) set of potential futures. It then turns to consider how this set of futures is used, or not, in decision-making, i.e. the process of closing down uncertainty to arrive at or at least inform a decision. We demonstrate that, because the range of uncertainties has broadened in scope and scale, the traditional technocratic approach of closing down decisions through sensitivity testing is at odds with the greater breadth now being called for at the opening out stage. We conclude that transport decision-making would benefit from a rebalancing of technical depth with analytical breadth. The paper outlines a plausible new approach to opening out and closing down that is starting to be applied in practice. This approach must be accompanied by an opening up of the processes by which technical advice for decisions are reached and how uncertainties are understood and negotiated.
Glenn Lyons; Greg Marsden. Opening out and closing down: the treatment of uncertainty in transport planning’s forecasting paradigm. Transportation 2019, 48, 595 -616.
AMA StyleGlenn Lyons, Greg Marsden. Opening out and closing down: the treatment of uncertainty in transport planning’s forecasting paradigm. Transportation. 2019; 48 (2):595-616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGlenn Lyons; Greg Marsden. 2019. "Opening out and closing down: the treatment of uncertainty in transport planning’s forecasting paradigm." Transportation 48, no. 2: 595-616.
Greg Marsden. Forecasting Urban Travel: Past, Present and Future. David Boyce. University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern University, USA and Huw Williams. Cardiff University, Edward Elgar Publishing, (£126.00 (Hardback), £32.00 (Paperback and eBook), ISBN: 978-1-84844-960-2 (Hardback), ISBN: 978 1 78471 360 7 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-78471-359-1 (eBook)). Journal of Transport Geography 2019, 75, 164 -165.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden. Forecasting Urban Travel: Past, Present and Future. David Boyce. University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern University, USA and Huw Williams. Cardiff University, Edward Elgar Publishing, (£126.00 (Hardback), £32.00 (Paperback and eBook), ISBN: 978-1-84844-960-2 (Hardback), ISBN: 978 1 78471 360 7 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-78471-359-1 (eBook)). Journal of Transport Geography. 2019; 75 ():164-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden. 2019. "Forecasting Urban Travel: Past, Present and Future. David Boyce. University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern University, USA and Huw Williams. Cardiff University, Edward Elgar Publishing, (£126.00 (Hardback), £32.00 (Paperback and eBook), ISBN: 978-1-84844-960-2 (Hardback), ISBN: 978 1 78471 360 7 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-78471-359-1 (eBook))." Journal of Transport Geography 75, no. : 164-165.
Egalitarian thought has a long tradition in Chinese history. Synthesized with the socialist ideology, it was practiced nationwide in the first decades of Communist China. Alongside the well-reported quality of life improvements that the recent economic liberalisation reforms have brought about, Chinese people are experiencing an increasingly serious polarization between the rich and the poor. Consequently, an egalitarian tendency has represented itself within contemporary policy and popular discourse. This paper aims to explore how egalitarian thought has influenced public awareness of social inequities by using the case of public attitudes towards the Beijing congestion charge, which is currently still at its planning stage. Nine focus groups, with a total of 73 participants, were undertaken with residents living in different areas of the city. Results show that the perceptions of social inequities are significantly different between low-income and high-income people. Due to egalitarian thinking, low-income people expect the privileges of the rich to be abolished, however, they do not pay much attention to a wider redistribution of wealth and other social resources. By contrast, richer people tend to deny to a wider population the privileges they themselves received, and, to some extent, they are reluctant to accept policy outcomes that may favour those who are in lower social positions. The resentment against the rich, as another by-product of egalitarianism, considerably exaggerates actual social inequalities, thereby intensifying the feelings of being unequally treated.
Qiyang Liu; Karen Lucas; Greg Marsden; Yang Liu. Egalitarianism and public perception of social inequities: A case study of Beijing congestion charge. Transport Policy 2018, 74, 47 -62.
AMA StyleQiyang Liu, Karen Lucas, Greg Marsden, Yang Liu. Egalitarianism and public perception of social inequities: A case study of Beijing congestion charge. Transport Policy. 2018; 74 ():47-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiyang Liu; Karen Lucas; Greg Marsden; Yang Liu. 2018. "Egalitarianism and public perception of social inequities: A case study of Beijing congestion charge." Transport Policy 74, no. : 47-62.
Libby Porter; John Stone; Crystal Legacy; Carey Curtis; James Harris; Elliot Fishman; Jennifer Kent; Greg Marsden; Louise Reardon; Jack Stilgoe. The Autonomous Vehicle Revolution: Implications for Planning/The Driverless City?/Autonomous Vehicles – A Planner’s Response/Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Challenges and the Need for Government Action/Three Signs Autonomous Vehicles Will Not Lead to Less Car Ownership and Less Car Use in Car Dependent Cities – A Case Study of Sydney, Australia/Planning for Autonomous Vehicles? Questions of Purpose, Place and Pace/Ensuring Good Governance: The Role of Planners in the Development of Autonomous Vehicles/Putting Technology in its Place. Planning Theory & Practice 2018, 19, 753 -778.
AMA StyleLibby Porter, John Stone, Crystal Legacy, Carey Curtis, James Harris, Elliot Fishman, Jennifer Kent, Greg Marsden, Louise Reardon, Jack Stilgoe. The Autonomous Vehicle Revolution: Implications for Planning/The Driverless City?/Autonomous Vehicles – A Planner’s Response/Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Challenges and the Need for Government Action/Three Signs Autonomous Vehicles Will Not Lead to Less Car Ownership and Less Car Use in Car Dependent Cities – A Case Study of Sydney, Australia/Planning for Autonomous Vehicles? Questions of Purpose, Place and Pace/Ensuring Good Governance: The Role of Planners in the Development of Autonomous Vehicles/Putting Technology in its Place. Planning Theory & Practice. 2018; 19 (5):753-778.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLibby Porter; John Stone; Crystal Legacy; Carey Curtis; James Harris; Elliot Fishman; Jennifer Kent; Greg Marsden; Louise Reardon; Jack Stilgoe. 2018. "The Autonomous Vehicle Revolution: Implications for Planning/The Driverless City?/Autonomous Vehicles – A Planner’s Response/Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Challenges and the Need for Government Action/Three Signs Autonomous Vehicles Will Not Lead to Less Car Ownership and Less Car Use in Car Dependent Cities – A Case Study of Sydney, Australia/Planning for Autonomous Vehicles? Questions of Purpose, Place and Pace/Ensuring Good Governance: The Role of Planners in the Development of Autonomous Vehicles/Putting Technology in its Place." Planning Theory & Practice 19, no. 5: 753-778.
Bus Rapid Transit systems exist in over 206 cities and 45 countries around the world. They are seen to provide a much lower cost option of mass mobility than fixed rail or underground systems which developing countries struggle to afford. Whilst BRT systems have undoubtedly been seen to be successful from a transport system perspective, they are more than a transport system innovation. They are often introduced to replace what is seen to be a failing, unsafe and poorly regulated informal transit system. This paper therefore focuses on the process of BRT introduction as a governance reform. The paper draws on African experience where adoption of BRT has been slow relative to South America and South East Asia. Using an in-depth analysis of the introduction of a new system in Ghana and data on levels of governance maturity across the African sub-continent, the paper finds that to understand BRT implementation requires an understanding of how the incumbent transport regime could and will be able to be reorganized. The success of BRT systems that result will depend at least as much on how the reforms are achieved as it will on the usual design concerns which typically occupy transport planners.
Michael Poku-Boansi; Greg Marsden. Bus rapid transit systems as a governance reform project. Journal of Transport Geography 2018, 70, 193 -202.
AMA StyleMichael Poku-Boansi, Greg Marsden. Bus rapid transit systems as a governance reform project. Journal of Transport Geography. 2018; 70 ():193-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Poku-Boansi; Greg Marsden. 2018. "Bus rapid transit systems as a governance reform project." Journal of Transport Geography 70, no. : 193-202.
As with previous transport innovations, the transition to ‘smart mobility’ will occur in different ways and at different speeds in different places. Innovations such as Uber and trials of autonomous vehicles are already being welcomed in some places but resisted in others or left to the market. While the technologies may have the potential to be deployed globally, how this happens is, in part, down to the institutional settings and approach to governance amongst all of the actors (public and private) involved. Deciding who should act, how, when and at what spatial scale is, we argue, critical in setting the conditions in which new mobility systems can flourish but in a way which promotes the goals of local, state and federal governments and meets the needs of citizens as well as the industries that promote them. This chapter reports on an international scenarios exercise conducted in 2017 across nine countries. Key dimensions of uncertainty were the degree of governmental involvement in steering policy and the degree of social desirability for smart mobility innovation. Reflecting on the period up to 2035, the scenarios considered the implications for smart mobility transitions by asking which innovations are more likely to flourish and which falter. Strong state involvement is reported as a necessary condition for the most integrated and sustainable visions of smart mobility. Other pathways were suggested to favour some innovations over others but typically offer a smaller market and more atomized and less sustainable set of mobility options.
Greg Marsden; Louise Reardon. Does Governance Matter? An International Scenarios Exercise. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition 2018, 139 -151.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Louise Reardon. Does Governance Matter? An International Scenarios Exercise. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition. 2018; ():139-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Louise Reardon. 2018. "Does Governance Matter? An International Scenarios Exercise." Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition , no. : 139-151.
Despite the massive social benefits that the car has brought, it has become evident that the current mobility system is undermining the benefits it creates with substantial air quality problems, inactive lifestyles, deaths and injuries from accidents and major contributions to the global climate change challenge. The introduction of smart mobility innovations, in promising to challenge the existing regime of automobility may be a major policy opportunity, and also provide a source of new economic opportunity. However, it is far from clear that these opportunities will be recognized or, even where they are, realized due to the complexities of steering any transition in the mobility system. This book sets out how we should understand the challenge of governing the smart mobility transition and, in this introductory chapter we set out the key arguments and contributions of each part of the book for addressing these challenges. The first section of the book focuses on how the role of the government is challenged by the growing network of actors and the new resource interdependencies that emerge from smart mobility. How these challenges come to be recognized and resolved is itself a critical part of the governance process as explored in the second section. The third section examines the changing context of governance and the capacity of the state to act to steer the transition. This allows us to identify, in our final concluding section, a set of critical topics for those researching and implementing the smart mobility revolution.
Greg Marsden; Louise Reardon. Introduction. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition 2018, 1 -15.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Louise Reardon. Introduction. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition. 2018; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Louise Reardon. 2018. "Introduction." Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition , no. : 1-15.
This chapter considers the book as a whole to draw out the key findings and link these to broader themes. In it we suggest that as we are in the relatively early stages of smart mobility adoption, there exists a key window of opportunity to think about to what end, and how, the transition can be steered. If this window is not seized, there is a heightened risk that governments will always be responding to, rather than shaping, events. Four key themes emerge from our reflection. First, while the current system is not equitable, there is a need to be cognizant of who the new winners and losers will be in the next transition. It is far from clear that commercial business models always align with notions of social provision. Second, while the early stages of the transition appear to be marked by technological optimism, reinforced by government industrial strategies, it seems clear that without politics with a capital P, the opportunity to engage the public and educate decision-makers will be missed. This leads to our third point: that a lack of pro-active state engagement in the early stages of these innovations will undermine the institutional capacity to engage later on in the transition. Without governmental steering, the transition risks representing what we are given rather than what we want or need it to be. Finally, we highlight the importance of context to how the transition will unfold, with some countries or cities already at arm’s length from transport provision while others are more hands-on. The chapter concludes with our reflections on what actions governments could take now to prepare better for the transition and on what the volume of work says for future research needs. While greatly enthused and rewarded by the debates we have had in assembling this book, we see these as the starting point for future agendas and very much open to contestation. We, therefore, hope this book acts to advance the study of the governance of smart mobility and to elevate its status relative to the significant body of work underway on the technologies themselves.
Louise Reardon; Greg Marsden. Conclusion: A Window of Opportunity. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition 2018, 155 -165.
AMA StyleLouise Reardon, Greg Marsden. Conclusion: A Window of Opportunity. Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition. 2018; ():155-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Reardon; Greg Marsden. 2018. "Conclusion: A Window of Opportunity." Governance of the Smart Mobility Transition , no. : 155-165.
Less car travel increases prospects of limiting transport energy. Policy attempts to reduce car use by encouraging people to choose other modes face criticism that travel needs are not simply about choice but are structurally influenced, especially by urban form. Mullen and Marsden extend understanding of travel need by showing how uncertainty in housing and employment further constrains people’s control over travel, resulting in needs for complicated journeys often at short notice. Some respond to uncertainty by running a car even where this presents financial problems. Those without a vehicle face lost opportunities and hardship. In the face of increasing employment and housing precarity, policy needs to rethink focus on choice and instead find ways of meeting complex travel needs without extensive resort to cars.
Caroline Mullen; Greg Marsden. The Car as a Safety-Net: Narrative Accounts of the Role of Energy Intensive Transport in Conditions of Housing and Employment Uncertainty. Demanding Energy 2017, 145 -164.
AMA StyleCaroline Mullen, Greg Marsden. The Car as a Safety-Net: Narrative Accounts of the Role of Energy Intensive Transport in Conditions of Housing and Employment Uncertainty. Demanding Energy. 2017; ():145-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroline Mullen; Greg Marsden. 2017. "The Car as a Safety-Net: Narrative Accounts of the Role of Energy Intensive Transport in Conditions of Housing and Employment Uncertainty." Demanding Energy , no. : 145-164.