On 11 March 2020 the SARS-CoV−2 virus was officially declared a pandemic and measures were set up in various countries to avoid its spread among the population. This paper aims to analyse the perception of risk of COVID−19 infection in the Spanish population. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted with a total of 16,372 Spanish participants. An online survey was used to gather data for 5 consecutive days over the compulsory lockdown period which was established after the state of emergency was declared. There is an association between socio-demographic variables and risk perception, and a very strong relationship between this perception and contact and direct experience with the virus in a family, social or professional setting. We also found that compared to working from home, working outside the home increased the perception of risk of infection and the perception of worsening health. Understanding the public perception of the risk of COVID−19 infection is fundamental for establishing effective prevention measures.

Background: Music therapy is the use of music by a trained professional to help people improve their health, emotions or well‐being. It can involve listening to music, playing instruments, singing or writing songs as part of therapy. In intensive care settings, music therapy plays a pivotal role in patient‐centred care. This study delves into the experiences of critically ill patients, underscoring music's capacity to evoke emotions and transcend linguistic barriers. This study delves into music therapy as a promising intervention that alleviates stress, fosters emotional expression and enhances patients' quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out what the intensive care patient's experience is like during a music therapy session and their perception of its influence on their disease process and subsequent recovery. Study Design: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. A qualified music therapist conducted a 20‐min music therapy session with a sample of 14 patients in the Critical Care Unit. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews. Results: After analysis of the results, three main themes have emerged: (1) humanising and accompanying the critical care experience; (2) music therapy as a form of relaxation; and (3) relief and recovery through music therapy. Conclusions: Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often feel stressed, vulnerable and isolated from their everyday environment. Music therapy offers a temporary escape, providing comfort and emotional connection and helping to reduce stress and anxiety. This therapy can awaken memories and emotions, stimulating cognition and facilitating emotional expression, which is crucial for patients with confusion or cognitive difficulties. In addition, it acts as an effective distraction from pain, improving mood and response to treatments, thus benefiting emotional recovery and coping. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study advocates for the integration of music therapy programmes in the ICU, emphasising their benefits in reducing stress, alleviating pain and enhancing emotional well‐being. The findings contribute to the development of protocols with specific recommendations for its effective implementation. Furthermore, the study highlights the crucial role of nurses as key facilitators in enabling the incorporation of music therapists into the healthcare team through an interdisciplinary approach. Their involvement promotes collaboration among professionals and encourages the use of non‐pharmacological interventions. Additionally, it underscores the importance of nurse participation in the creation of protocols to ensure their applicability and effectiveness in clinical practice. The research supports music therapy as a valuable complementary approach in intensive care.

In January 2020, the WHO classified SARS-CoV-2 infection as a public health emergency and it was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The media warned about the danger of infection, fuelling the population’s fear of the new situation and increasing the perception of risk. This fear can cause behaviour that will determine the course of the pandemic and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the fear of infection from COVID-19 among the Spanish population during the state of emergency. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted with 16,372 participants. Data on sociodemographic factors, health factors, risk perception and fear were collected through an online survey. Level of fear is associated with older age, a lower level of education, having a person infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the immediate surroundings and living with and belonging to the most socioeconomically vulnerable group of people. Risk perception is associated with increased preventive behaviour. This paper provides relevant information for the public health sector since it contributes first-hand knowledge of population data that is highly useful in terms of prevention. Understanding the experiences of people in this pandemic helps to create more effective future intervention strategies in terms of planning and management for crisis situations.

Throughout the pandemic, national and international health authorities have called on the population to collaborate and contribute with their behavior to control the problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of the protective measures against COVID-19 and to determine the factors involved in their compliance. To respond to the objectives, a cross-sectional study was performed involving a total of 5560 individuals. An ad hoc online questionnaire was created and shared through social networks, scientific societies, and various health institutions. The probability of high or total compliance with the protective measures was higher in women (OR = 1.401) and as age increases, with an OR = 2.524 in the interval between 31 and 64 years old and an OR = 2.896 in the oldest interval (65 and over). This study shows the characteristics of the population that considers it more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, thus adopting greater adherence to prevention measures. Knowing which factors are associated with adherence to protective measures is essential for establishing effective pandemic control measures. Our findings may be useful for designing future awareness campaigns adapted to different socio-demographic characteristics in settings affected by COVID-19.

Aims: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of pain in adult hospitalised patients, as well as to analyse the concordance between patient‐reported and recorded pain and its impact on analgesic management.Design: A cross sectional study.Methods: The study was performed on a sample of 611 patients, from October to December 2017. Data were obtained from patient interviews, review of medical and nursing records and review of electronic prescribing.Results: The prevalence of pain at the time of the interview was 36.7%. The median VAS score was 4. 90% of the patients had their pain assessed within the last 24 h; however, concordance between patient‐reported pain and recorded pain in the nursing record was slight.Conclusion: Pain is still often documented inadequately. Despite the wide use of analgesics, half of the patients with moderate to severe pain do not have adequate pain management. A systematic assessment and recording of pain promotes appropriate analgesic prescription.Implications for the profession and patient care: The findings of our study provide insight into the main gaps in the correct management of pain in hospitalised patients. A systematic assessment and recording of the pain suffered by the patient facilitates its control and allows a better management of the analgesic prescription by the physician. This information could help hospital managers to develop training programmes on pain assessment and on the importance of doctor–nurse collaboration to improve pain management, increasing the quality of care and reducing hospital costs.Reporting method: The study has adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines, according to The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.