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Air lime mortars with addition of two types of sesame cooking oil were synthesized and cured in two different conditions: laboratory and natural climatic conditions of the Pasargadae and Persepolis World Heritage Sites. For the mortars cured in the laboratory, addition of oils in the mortar induced hydrophobic effects, but it adversely affected on permeability values and carbonation rates. However, the air lime mortars cured in the site conditions demonstrated increment in their hydrophobicity and superficial durability without retarding their setting time and adverse effects on their calcium carbonate formation values, due to various climatic parameters existing in natural outdoor conditions.
Parsa Pahlavan; Stefania Manzi; Hashem Shariatmadar; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Preliminary Valorization of Climatic Conditions Effects on Curing of Air Lime-Based Mortars for Restorative Applications in the Pasargadae and Persepolis World Heritage Sites. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7925 .
AMA StyleParsa Pahlavan, Stefania Manzi, Hashem Shariatmadar, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Preliminary Valorization of Climatic Conditions Effects on Curing of Air Lime-Based Mortars for Restorative Applications in the Pasargadae and Persepolis World Heritage Sites. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (17):7925.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParsa Pahlavan; Stefania Manzi; Hashem Shariatmadar; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2021. "Preliminary Valorization of Climatic Conditions Effects on Curing of Air Lime-Based Mortars for Restorative Applications in the Pasargadae and Persepolis World Heritage Sites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7925.
Editorial on the Research Topic Women in Science: Materials According to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) data (2019), <30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields. In particular, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) research is traditionally male dominated and women remain underrepresented. As UNESCO has highlighted, both science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensuring sustainable development. To change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue careers in STEM. Throughout history, the contributions of female researchers to scientific progress have been extremely important. Yet, whereas the extraordinarily talented Nobel laureate Marie Skłodowska-Curie is often mentioned as a role model, it is nowadays well-established that countless women such as Lise Meitner have received less recognition and acknowledgment for their research findings than their male counterparts [so-called Matilda effect (Rossiter, 1993)]. Also, women traditionally publish less than men according to the European Commission She Figures, the ratio of women to men among authors of scientific publications in the EU being on the average one to two (European Union, 2019), and recent surveys are highlighting a further drop in academic submissions from female scientists since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic early 2020. Role models are definitely extremely important to show to younger generations the growing impact of female researchers to science. Therefore, continuing the spirit of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, Frontiers in Materials is proud to offer this platform to promote the work of female scientists across the breadth of materials science and engineering. This inaugural “Women in Science: Materials” collection (Figure 1) aims to highlight the impact of women researchers working in materials science and engineering. It gathers a selection of original articles with the lead author and/or corresponding author being a woman. Figure 1. “Women in Science: Materials” collection in Frontiers in Materials. A total of 32 contributions (three reviews, one brief research report, and 28 original research articles) present advances in theory, experiment, and methodology with applications to compelling problems, across almost all sections of the journal: • Mechanics of materials (Bouquerel et al.; Jeong et al., TerMaath et al.; Zhu et al.) • Smart materials (Duc et al.) • Polymeric and composite materials (Badji et al.; Berzin et al.; Brunella et al.; Hostettler et al.; Martins and Gil; Mirbaha et al.; Padhan et al.; Quintana et al., Raj et al.; Saffar et al.) • Carbon-based materials (Kato et al.; Moulefera et al.; Xu et al., Zhang et al.) • Structural materials (Bonoli et al.; Boyer et al.; Korat and Ducman; Manzi et al., Masi et al.) • Colloidal materials and interfaces (Garcia-Hernando et al.; Pucci et al.) • Energy materials (Castro-Gutiérrez et al.) • Ceramics and glass (Giosuè et al.) • Environmental materials (Bassi et al.) • Biomaterials (Criado-Gonzalez et al.; Kebaili et al.) The Guest Editorial team hope that this collection of papers will be the foundation of an international network of women researchers working in materials science and engineering, and a starting point for future collaborations and discussions. This Editorial was jointly written by all co-authors who also served as Guest Editors for the Research Topic. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. European Union (2019). European Commission She Figures 2018. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. doi: 10.2777/936 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Rossiter, M. W. (1993). The Matthew Matilda effect in science. Soc. Stud. Sci. 23, 325–341. doi: 10.1177/030631293023002004 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2019). Women in Science (n°55) [Fact sheet], UIS/FS/2019/SCI/55, UIS Publ., Montreal, QC, Canada. Available online at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370742 Google Scholar Keywords: women in STEM, women in science and engineering, materials engineering, materials science, gender equality Citation: Bignozzi MC, Johnson JA, Krawczak P, Morallon E and Xu M (2021) Editorial: Women in Science: Materials. Front. Mater. 8:668092. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2021.668092 Received: 15 February 2021; Accepted: 25 February 2021; Published: 23 April 2021. Edited and reviewed by: Alberto Corigliano, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Copyright © 2021 Bignozzi, Johnson, Krawczak, Morallon and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. *Correspondence: Maria Chiara Bignozzi, [email protected]; Jacqueline Anne Johnson, [email protected]; Patricia Krawczak, [email protected]; Emilia Morallon, [email protected]; Ming Xu, [email protected]
Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Jacqueline Anne Johnson; Patricia Krawczak; Emilia Morallon; Ming Xu. Editorial: Women in Science: Materials. Frontiers in Materials 2021, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Chiara Bignozzi, Jacqueline Anne Johnson, Patricia Krawczak, Emilia Morallon, Ming Xu. Editorial: Women in Science: Materials. Frontiers in Materials. 2021; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Chiara Bignozzi; Jacqueline Anne Johnson; Patricia Krawczak; Emilia Morallon; Ming Xu. 2021. "Editorial: Women in Science: Materials." Frontiers in Materials 8, no. : 1.
This research reports on the influence of particle size and distribution on the physical, mechanical and microstructural features of solid solutions (feldspathic materials) based inorganic polymer composites (IPCs). Both granite and pegmatite were ground to different degree of finess making four different granulometry with particles of 63, 80, 125 and 200 μm. The respective mixes receive 15 wt% of metakaolin and were activated with a well designed alkaline solution. Matrices obtained showed high compressive and flexural strengths in the range 101.2–131.3 MPa, and 29–35.5 MPa, respectively. It was observed that the optimum mechanical performance of these matrices can be achieved through a mix-design of different grades of granulometry. This was suggested by mechanism combining reactivity and particles packing. In fact, although it can be expected that the finess of the combination of the particles size under 63 μm might present the better reactivity, it is showing that the combination of fine, medium and coarse particles is efficient in achieving denser and tougher microstructure. Lower cumulative pore volume (17 mL g−1) of the composites based on pegmatite, value not far from that of natural stones, resulted in a higher impact resistance of 3.03 J. It was concluded that designing the feldspathic rock-based composites with high strengths appear as sustainable, low energy consumption and environmentally-friendly materials for the structural construction.
Achile Nana; Elie Kamseu; Ange-Therese Akono; Jean Ngouné; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Cristina Leonelli. Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2021, 267, 124602 .
AMA StyleAchile Nana, Elie Kamseu, Ange-Therese Akono, Jean Ngouné, Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo, Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Cristina Leonelli. Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 267 ():124602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAchile Nana; Elie Kamseu; Ange-Therese Akono; Jean Ngouné; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach." Materials Chemistry and Physics 267, no. : 124602.
Ceramic tile production is an industrial process where energy efficiency management is crucial, given the high amount of energy (electrical and thermal) required by the production cycle. This study presents the preliminary results of a research project aimed at defining the benefits of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems in the ceramic sector. Data collected from ten CHP installations allowed us to outline the average characteristics of prime movers, and to quantify the contribution of CHP thermal energy supporting the dryer process. The electric size of the installed CHP units resulted in being between 3.4 MW and 4.9 MW, with an average value of 4 MW. Data revealed that when the goal is to maximize the generation of electricity for self-consumption, internal combustion engines are the preferred choice due to higher conversion efficiency. In contrast, gas turbines allowed us to minimize the consumption of natural gas input to the spray dryer. Indeed, the fraction of the dryer thermal demand (between 600–950 kcal/kgH2O), covered by CHP discharged heat, is strictly dependent on the type of prime mover installed: lower values, in the range of 30–45%, are characteristic of combustion engines, whereas the use of gas turbines can contribute up to 77% of the process’s total consumption.
Lisa Branchini; Maria Bignozzi; Benedetta Ferrari; Barbara Mazzanti; Saverio Ottaviano; Marcello Salvio; Claudia Toro; Fabrizio Martini; Andrea Canetti. Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4006 .
AMA StyleLisa Branchini, Maria Bignozzi, Benedetta Ferrari, Barbara Mazzanti, Saverio Ottaviano, Marcello Salvio, Claudia Toro, Fabrizio Martini, Andrea Canetti. Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLisa Branchini; Maria Bignozzi; Benedetta Ferrari; Barbara Mazzanti; Saverio Ottaviano; Marcello Salvio; Claudia Toro; Fabrizio Martini; Andrea Canetti. 2021. "Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4006.
Sustainable development has recently become the driving force of all the policies leading environmental, economic, and social aspects of our life. In the construction sector, a large number of technological innovations has been introduced thus leading to an assessment of the environmental impact of the production processes. In the present study, the environmental impact of the Italian ceramic tiles production is analyzed and discussed. The evolution trends of the main atmospheric pollutants and the management of water and solid wastes of ceramic tile plants have been investigated over a period greater than 10 years, considering three different layouts of production cycles. The current evaluation shows that the Italian ceramic tiles industry has considered the environmental assessment as a fundamental practice for its development since the late 1980s. The reported data prove the high level of excellence reached by the Italian ceramic tile production and demonstrate how attention to the environmental impact is a fundamental key for the ceramic tile sector.
Giacomo Boschi; Giulia Masi; Giuliana Bonvicini; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Sustainability in Italian Ceramic Tile Production: Evaluation of the Environmental Impact. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 9063 .
AMA StyleGiacomo Boschi, Giulia Masi, Giuliana Bonvicini, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Sustainability in Italian Ceramic Tile Production: Evaluation of the Environmental Impact. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (24):9063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Boschi; Giulia Masi; Giuliana Bonvicini; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2020. "Sustainability in Italian Ceramic Tile Production: Evaluation of the Environmental Impact." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 9063.
Results of three-point bending tests on notched beams cast with three alkali-activated mortars that differ by the type and size of the aggregates are presented. Digital image correlation is used to estimate the size of the fracture process zone. The fracture energy is computed by means of the work-of-fracture method and found to be strongly dependent on the type of aggregate used and does not differ whether the LDVT or DIC load-deflection curves are used. Finally, low values of the fracture energy in alkali-activated mortars might be associated with the presence of unreacted fly ash.
Giulia Baietti; Giovanni Quartarone; Lorenza Carabba; Stefania Manzi; Christian Carloni; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Use of digital image analysis to determine fracture properties of alkali-activated mortars. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 2020, 240, 107313 .
AMA StyleGiulia Baietti, Giovanni Quartarone, Lorenza Carabba, Stefania Manzi, Christian Carloni, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Use of digital image analysis to determine fracture properties of alkali-activated mortars. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2020; 240 ():107313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Baietti; Giovanni Quartarone; Lorenza Carabba; Stefania Manzi; Christian Carloni; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2020. "Use of digital image analysis to determine fracture properties of alkali-activated mortars." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 240, no. : 107313.
Bone grafts and bone-based materials are widely used in orthopedic surgery. However, the selection of the bone type to be used is more focused on the biological properties of bone sources than physico-chemical ones. Moreover, although biogenic sources are increasingly used for deposition of biomimetic nanostructured coatings, the influence of specific precursors used on coating’s morphology and composition has not yet been explored. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, we provided a detailed characterization of the properties of the mineral phase of the most used bone sources for allografts, xenografts and coating deposition protocols, not currently available. To this aim, several bone apatite precursors are compared in terms of composition and morphology. Significant differences are assessed for the magnesium content between female and male human donors, and in terms of Ca/P ratio, magnesium content and carbonate substitution between human bone and different animal bone sources. Prospectively, based on these data, bone from different sources can be used to obtain bone grafts having slightly different properties, depending on the clinical need. Likewise, the suitability of coating-based biomimetic films for specific clinical musculoskeletal application may depend on the type of apatite precursor used, being differently able to tune surface morphology and nanostructuration, as shown in the proof of concepts of thin film manufacturing here presented.
Gabriela Graziani; Marco Govoni; Leonardo Vivarelli; Marco Boi; Monica De Carolis; Michele Bianchi; Enrico Sassoni; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Gianluca Carnevale; Federico Marmi; Maria Cristina Maltarello; Dante Dallari. A Comprehensive Microstructural and Compositional Characterization of Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone: Application to Bone Grafts and Nanostructured Biomimetic Coatings. Coatings 2020, 10, 522 .
AMA StyleGabriela Graziani, Marco Govoni, Leonardo Vivarelli, Marco Boi, Monica De Carolis, Michele Bianchi, Enrico Sassoni, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Gianluca Carnevale, Federico Marmi, Maria Cristina Maltarello, Dante Dallari. A Comprehensive Microstructural and Compositional Characterization of Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone: Application to Bone Grafts and Nanostructured Biomimetic Coatings. Coatings. 2020; 10 (6):522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriela Graziani; Marco Govoni; Leonardo Vivarelli; Marco Boi; Monica De Carolis; Michele Bianchi; Enrico Sassoni; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Gianluca Carnevale; Federico Marmi; Maria Cristina Maltarello; Dante Dallari. 2020. "A Comprehensive Microstructural and Compositional Characterization of Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone: Application to Bone Grafts and Nanostructured Biomimetic Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 6: 522.
The application of protective coatings for the conservation of outdoor metallic artworks is currently considered the best approach actively employed. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the protectiveness of an optimised fluorosilane (FA-MS) coating with low occupational hazard impact and high inhibition efficiency. FA-MS coating was applied on a typical historical as-cast bronze (Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb), artificially patinated by synthetic acid rain dropping, to simulate natural unsheltered patinas. Subsequently, the patinated bronze was coated by brushing and then artificially aged by synthetic rain dropping. In order to investigate the coating-patina system, a multi-analytical approach was applied including scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis (FEG-SEM with EDS), microstructural analysis of cross-sections produced by Focused Ion Beam milling (FIB) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The coating homogenously covered the whole patinated surface producing a transparent layer few μms thick. The weathering solutions were also analysed for the assessment of metallic cations release. FA-MS showed excellent protective performances for the patinated bronze exposed to simulated outdoor conditions. Very high values of inhibiting efficiency in terms of metal release in the weathering solutions (up to 99%) were measured. In order to investigate all the necessary requirements for application in conservation field, the durability of FA-MS was also tested on a real bronze artistic casting, in terms of limiting the alloy composition changes (measured by in situ XRF) over time. A good durability of the coating was observed during the ongoing field exposure test. Lastly, reversibility of FA-MS was investigated by applying different mechanical cleaning methods, such as brushing and blasting. The reversibility was assessed by the evaluation of the morphology (colour change, surface roughness and optical microscopy) and the composition (SEM-EDS and Py-GC-MS chromatography) of the cleaned surfaces. Cleaning by brushing proved to be an efficient method for removing this coating without significantly altering the bronze patina.
Giulia Masi; Elena Bernardi; Carla Martini; Ivano Vassura; Luka Skrlep; Erika Švara Fabjan; Nina Gartner; Tadeja Kosec; Claudie Josse; Jerome Esvan; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Luc Robbiola; Cristina Chiavari. An innovative multi-component fluoropolymer-based coating on outdoor patinated bronze for Cultural Heritage: Durability and reversibility. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2020, 45, 122 -134.
AMA StyleGiulia Masi, Elena Bernardi, Carla Martini, Ivano Vassura, Luka Skrlep, Erika Švara Fabjan, Nina Gartner, Tadeja Kosec, Claudie Josse, Jerome Esvan, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Luc Robbiola, Cristina Chiavari. An innovative multi-component fluoropolymer-based coating on outdoor patinated bronze for Cultural Heritage: Durability and reversibility. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2020; 45 ():122-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Masi; Elena Bernardi; Carla Martini; Ivano Vassura; Luka Skrlep; Erika Švara Fabjan; Nina Gartner; Tadeja Kosec; Claudie Josse; Jerome Esvan; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Luc Robbiola; Cristina Chiavari. 2020. "An innovative multi-component fluoropolymer-based coating on outdoor patinated bronze for Cultural Heritage: Durability and reversibility." Journal of Cultural Heritage 45, no. : 122-134.
The objective of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the development of nanostructured zirconia-based ceramics and composites suitable for application in dentistry. Isi Web of Science, Science Direct, Scientific.net databases, and Google were searched electronically for the period of 1980 to the present, matching the keywords “nano” with the keywords: “Zirconia, ZrO2, Y-TZP, and dental, dentistry”. A total of 74 papers were found, with the majority coming from Asia, indicating a more active scientific interest on the topic in this geographic area, followed by Europe, South America, and North America. The research shows, even though the scientific activity on nanostructured ceramics was intense in the last fifteen years, the development of fully dense zirconia-based nanoceramics is yet at an initial stage, most of all from the point of view of the clinical applications. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured ceramics can show improved properties because of the reduction of the grain size to the nanoscale. This is also true for zirconia-based nanoceramics, where some improvements in mechanical, optical, as well as resistance in low-temperature degradation have been observed. Potential applications of this class of material in the dental field are discussed, summarizing the results of the latest scientific research.
Antonio Arena; Francesca Prete; Elisa Rambaldi; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Carlo Monaco; Adolfo Di Fiore; Jérôme Chevalier. Nanostructured Zirconia-Based Ceramics and Composites in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1393 .
AMA StyleAntonio Arena, Francesca Prete, Elisa Rambaldi, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Carlo Monaco, Adolfo Di Fiore, Jérôme Chevalier. Nanostructured Zirconia-Based Ceramics and Composites in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (10):1393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Arena; Francesca Prete; Elisa Rambaldi; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Carlo Monaco; Adolfo Di Fiore; Jérôme Chevalier. 2019. "Nanostructured Zirconia-Based Ceramics and Composites in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10: 1393.
In the present work the microstructural characterization of the powder-metallurgy X190CrVMo20-4-1 has been performed and correlated with its corrosion properties. The martensitic stainless steel was hardened at different austenitizing and tempering temperatures. Microstructural analyses were carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM–EDS) to define the carbide distribution in the steel matrix. Carbides morphology and retained austenite content were evaluated and correlated to the corrosion behaviour of the different heat-treated steels, investigated by means of electrochemical tests. The results show the presence of M23C6 and M7C3 Cr-V based carbides homogenously dispersed in the matrix in annealed and quenching-and-tempering conditions. The carbides dissolution was evaluated by image analysis in every different heat treatment condition. When low tempering temperature was applied, an increasing in retained austenite content was defined by high austenitizing temperature and elevated carbides solubilization. At high tempering temperature, retained austenite content was not up to 5% nor affected by austenitizing temperature. Contrary to the expectations, HRC hardness was not influenced by the heat treatment conditions and retained austenite content. Corrosion resistance of the different heat-treated samples was found to be mainly influenced by retained austenite volume fraction and the tempering temperature. In particular, high austenitizing temperature and low tempering temperatures allowed the best corrosion resistance among the different heat treatment parameters investigated. The results obtained in the experimentation can provide support to the heat treatment optimization of the steel, widely used in tool and mould applications.
M. C. Bignozzi; L. Calcinelli; M. Carati; L. Ceschini; C. Chiavari; G. Masi; A. Morri. Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Retained Austenite and Corrosion Resistance of the X190CrVMo20-4-1 Stainless Steel. Metals and Materials International 2019, 26, 1318 -1328.
AMA StyleM. C. Bignozzi, L. Calcinelli, M. Carati, L. Ceschini, C. Chiavari, G. Masi, A. Morri. Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Retained Austenite and Corrosion Resistance of the X190CrVMo20-4-1 Stainless Steel. Metals and Materials International. 2019; 26 (9):1318-1328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. C. Bignozzi; L. Calcinelli; M. Carati; L. Ceschini; C. Chiavari; G. Masi; A. Morri. 2019. "Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Retained Austenite and Corrosion Resistance of the X190CrVMo20-4-1 Stainless Steel." Metals and Materials International 26, no. 9: 1318-1328.
Alkali-activated fly ashes have been proposed for various applications where resistance against high temperatures is required, yet several details regarding the response of these materials to heat-exposure need to be clarified. In the present study, heat-induced cracking in fly ash-based alkali-activated pastes and lightweight mortars was analyzed by in-situ acoustic emission (AE) detection during complete heating-cooling cycles (up to ∼1100 °C), augmented by thermogravimetry and ex-situ SEM and XRD analyses. The applicability of the lightweight mortars as passive fire protection coatings was assessed by recording temperature-time curves of mortar-coated steel plates. Cracking during heating was limited and associated exclusively with the dehydration of the materials in the temperature range ∼90–360 °C. However, samples heated to temperatures above ∼600 °C exhibited intense cracking on cooling. This was attributed to differential deformations caused by local sintering and partial melting at the glass transition temperature, and subsequent quenching on cooling.
Lorenza Carabba; Stephan Pirskawetz; Simone Krüger; Gregor J.G. Gluth; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Acoustic emission study of heat-induced cracking in fly ash-based alkali-activated pastes and lightweight mortars. Cement and Concrete Composites 2019, 102, 145 -156.
AMA StyleLorenza Carabba, Stephan Pirskawetz, Simone Krüger, Gregor J.G. Gluth, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Acoustic emission study of heat-induced cracking in fly ash-based alkali-activated pastes and lightweight mortars. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2019; 102 ():145-156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenza Carabba; Stephan Pirskawetz; Simone Krüger; Gregor J.G. Gluth; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2019. "Acoustic emission study of heat-induced cracking in fly ash-based alkali-activated pastes and lightweight mortars." Cement and Concrete Composites 102, no. : 145-156.
Surface coatings made of hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been proposed to protect marble artworks from dissolution in rain, originated by the aqueous solubility of calcite. However, HAP coatings formed by wet chemistry exhibit incomplete coverage of marble surface, which results in limited protective efficacy. In this study, electrodeposition was explored as a new route to possibly form continuous coatings over the marble surface, leaving no bare areas. Electrodeposition was performed by placing marble samples in poultices containing the electrolyte (an aqueous solution with calcium and phosphate precursors) and the electrodes. The influence of several parameters was investigated, namely the role of the working electrode (cathode or anode), the distance between the marble sample and the working electrode, the deposition conditions (potentiostatic or galvanostatic), the electrolyte composition and concentration, the applied voltage, and time. The coating morphology and composition were assessed by SEM/EDS and FT-IR. The protective ability of the most promising formulations was then evaluated, in all cases comparing electrodeposition with traditional wet synthesis methods. The results of the study suggest that electrodeposition is able to accelerate and improve formation of HAP coatings over the marble surface, even though the obtained protective efficacy is not complete yet.
Enrico Sassoni; Giulia Masi; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Elisa Franzoni. Electrodeposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Marble Protection: Preliminary Results. Coatings 2019, 9, 207 .
AMA StyleEnrico Sassoni, Giulia Masi, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Elisa Franzoni. Electrodeposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Marble Protection: Preliminary Results. Coatings. 2019; 9 (3):207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrico Sassoni; Giulia Masi; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Elisa Franzoni. 2019. "Electrodeposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Marble Protection: Preliminary Results." Coatings 9, no. 3: 207.
A 3-mercapto-propyl-trimethoxysilane coating (PropS-SH) applied on Cu-Si-Mn bronze, patinated by “liver of sulphur”, was investigated as a non-toxic alternative to Incralac®, usually applied on outdoor artistic bronzes. Electrochemical testing was performed in synthetic acid rain. Exposure to temperature/UV cycles and accelerated corrosion test simulating unsheltered exposure to rainwater was also carried out. The exposed samples were characterised by FEG-SEM coupled with EDS on FIB cross-sections and XPS on free surfaces. The black patina without protective coating was scarcely protective against bronze corrosion and easily transformed into cuprous oxide. PropS-SH coating fully preserved the black patina microstructure and phase constituents (cuprous oxide and cuprous sulphide). The PropS-SH coating also resulted more protective than Incralac® when aged under run-off conditions. Selective dissolution of copper from the silicon bronze alloy was observed on both uncoated and Incralac®-coated bronze, leading to the formation of an internal Si-rich corrosion layer.
G. Masi; C. Josse; J. Esvan; C. Chiavari; E. Bernardi; C. Martini; M.C. Bignozzi; C. Monticelli; F. Zanotto; A. Balbo; E. Svara Fabjan; T. Kosec; L. Robbiola. Evaluation of the protectiveness of an organosilane coating on patinated Cu-Si-Mn bronze for contemporary art. Progress in Organic Coatings 2018, 127, 286 -299.
AMA StyleG. Masi, C. Josse, J. Esvan, C. Chiavari, E. Bernardi, C. Martini, M.C. Bignozzi, C. Monticelli, F. Zanotto, A. Balbo, E. Svara Fabjan, T. Kosec, L. Robbiola. Evaluation of the protectiveness of an organosilane coating on patinated Cu-Si-Mn bronze for contemporary art. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2018; 127 ():286-299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Masi; C. Josse; J. Esvan; C. Chiavari; E. Bernardi; C. Martini; M.C. Bignozzi; C. Monticelli; F. Zanotto; A. Balbo; E. Svara Fabjan; T. Kosec; L. Robbiola. 2018. "Evaluation of the protectiveness of an organosilane coating on patinated Cu-Si-Mn bronze for contemporary art." Progress in Organic Coatings 127, no. : 286-299.
Alkali activated lightweight mortars, obtained by room temperature activation of coal fly ash, were studied as passive fire protection systems for steel elements. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated as a function of the compositional Si/Al molar ratio and of the amount of lightweight aggregate and foaming agent. Experimental findings were used as input data to assess their fire resistance by finite volume simulations. Results pointed out that the optimized alkali activated lightweight mortars are able to outperform alternative commercial cement-based mortars, thus representing a promising technology.
Lorenza Carabba; Raffaela Moricone; Giordano Emrys Scarponi; Alessandro Tugnoli; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Alkali activated lightweight mortars for passive fire protection: A preliminary study. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 195, 75 -84.
AMA StyleLorenza Carabba, Raffaela Moricone, Giordano Emrys Scarponi, Alessandro Tugnoli, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Alkali activated lightweight mortars for passive fire protection: A preliminary study. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 195 ():75-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenza Carabba; Raffaela Moricone; Giordano Emrys Scarponi; Alessandro Tugnoli; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2018. "Alkali activated lightweight mortars for passive fire protection: A preliminary study." Construction and Building Materials 195, no. : 75-84.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the cleanability performances of lapped porcelain stoneware surfaces with and without protective treatments. The knowledge of the material cleanability is an important selection parameter in buying tiles. However, an objective basis for testing and assessing this property still is lacking. In the present study, standardized and laboratory tests to evaluate the cleanability performance of lapped porcelain stoneware products have been carried out and compared. Cleanability tests were performed by applying two different soiling suspensions, optimized for tile surfaces and reproducing chemical and mechanical actions simulating the working conditions and traditional cleaning operations. Surface characteristics (microstructure, topography, roughness) were analyzed before and after cleanability tests. The results showed a good correlation between different behavior in terms of cleanability and the microscopic and topographic characteristics of lapped tile. Respect to international standardized tests specific for ceramic tiles, such as stains resistance test, the laboratory procedures to evaluate the surface cleanability are able to better show cleanability improvements of lapped tiles with protective treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Elisa Rambaldi; Beatrice Lucchese; Marcel Engels; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles ‐ Part 2. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 2018, 16, 625 -637.
AMA StyleElisa Rambaldi, Beatrice Lucchese, Marcel Engels, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles ‐ Part 2. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2018; 16 (2):625-637.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Rambaldi; Beatrice Lucchese; Marcel Engels; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2018. "Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles ‐ Part 2." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 16, no. 2: 625-637.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the durability, in real pedestrian traffic condition, of lapped porcelain stonewares with surface protective treatments able to fill up pores opened by the lapping process. In recent years, the durability of ceramic surfaces has become a key factor during the design process. The knowledge of the material durability is important to define the behavior of tiles in use. Standard procedures for indirectly assessing durability are already available (ie, abrasion tests, staining resistance, chemical resistance), however, a standard method of aging in real condition is still lacking. In this study, a durability test was performed in real pedestrian traffic condition by fixing tiles on floors to evaluate the surface characteristics after 6 and 12 months. The surface characteristics were analyzed before and after the durability tests and in terms of microstructural observations and determination of surface porosity. In particular a durability index has been estimated as ratio of pores filled by dirtiness respect to the original surface porosity (before aging). Results of durability index showed good correlation between aging duration and kind of treatments (industrially applied and/or manually applied).
Beatrice Lucchese; Elisa Rambaldi; Marcel Engels; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles—Part 1. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 2018, 16, 614 -624.
AMA StyleBeatrice Lucchese, Elisa Rambaldi, Marcel Engels, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles—Part 1. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2018; 16 (2):614-624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatrice Lucchese; Elisa Rambaldi; Marcel Engels; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2018. "Evaluation of durability and cleanability performances of protective treatments for lapped ceramic tiles—Part 1." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 16, no. 2: 614-624.
Roberto Soldati; Chiara Zanelli; Guia Guarini; Sandra Fazio; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Michele Dondi. Characteristics and rheological behaviour of spray-dried powders for porcelain stoneware slabs. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2018, 38, 4118 -4126.
AMA StyleRoberto Soldati, Chiara Zanelli, Guia Guarini, Sandra Fazio, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Michele Dondi. Characteristics and rheological behaviour of spray-dried powders for porcelain stoneware slabs. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2018; 38 (11):4118-4126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Soldati; Chiara Zanelli; Guia Guarini; Sandra Fazio; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Michele Dondi. 2018. "Characteristics and rheological behaviour of spray-dried powders for porcelain stoneware slabs." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 38, no. 11: 4118-4126.
The compaction behavior of spray-dried powders has turned into concern in porcelain stoneware manufacturing due to the increasing diffusion of large slabs. It is necessary to fill a knowledge gap between the compaction behavior with conventional presses and novel technologies. For this purpose, eighteen industrially-manufactured spray dried bodies were characterized for specific properties connected to the compaction behavior (curves of bulk density, intergranular and intragranular porosity in function of applied load, apparent yield strength). In addition, the firing behavior was investigated in order to reveal any effect of dry bulk density on firing shrinkage and bulk density of fired samples. Powder compressibility is within 50% and 55% (Carr index) and is primarily controlled by moisture. Two regimes are found: low pressure (fast density increasing by granule cave in and closure of intergranular porosity) and high pressure (slow density gain by downsizing microporosity). A peculiar mechanism is unveiled: granules squeeze in the low-P regime and further densification is achieved through microfracture around individual agglomerate. A phenomenological model is illustrated for the compaction of spray-dried powders. In conclusion, the performance of spray dried bodies during compaction is crucial to control the uniformity, in terms of porosity and bulk density, which has important repercussions on the properties of final slabs, especially differential shrinkages and deformation during firing due to density gradients.
Roberto Soldati; Chiara Zanelli; Guia Guarini; Andreana Piancastelli; Cesare Melandri; Sandra Fazio; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Michele Dondi. Pore evolution and compaction behaviour of spray-dried bodies for porcelain stoneware slabs. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2018, 38, 4127 -4136.
AMA StyleRoberto Soldati, Chiara Zanelli, Guia Guarini, Andreana Piancastelli, Cesare Melandri, Sandra Fazio, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Michele Dondi. Pore evolution and compaction behaviour of spray-dried bodies for porcelain stoneware slabs. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2018; 38 (11):4127-4136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Soldati; Chiara Zanelli; Guia Guarini; Andreana Piancastelli; Cesare Melandri; Sandra Fazio; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Michele Dondi. 2018. "Pore evolution and compaction behaviour of spray-dried bodies for porcelain stoneware slabs." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 38, no. 11: 4127-4136.
Air- and formulated lime mortars with pulverized brick waste were synthesized with addition of two organic waste-based additives: spent cooking oil and albumen. The addition of spent oil in the mortar induced significant hydrophobic effects, but decreased permeability values and setting kinetics. Parallel additions of oil and albumen in lime mortars significantly increased their hydrophobicity and superficial durability without retarding their setting time thanks to role of fatty acids and unfolded proteins under alkaline conditions. The parallel valorization showed high potentials in synthesis of restorative mortars design with low environmental impact and high respect to the feature of historic mortars.
Parsa Pahlavan; Stefania Manzi; Antonio Sansonetti; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Valorization of organic additions in restorative lime mortars: Spent cooking oil and albumen. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 181, 650 -658.
AMA StyleParsa Pahlavan, Stefania Manzi, Antonio Sansonetti, Maria Chiara Bignozzi. Valorization of organic additions in restorative lime mortars: Spent cooking oil and albumen. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 181 ():650-658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParsa Pahlavan; Stefania Manzi; Antonio Sansonetti; Maria Chiara Bignozzi. 2018. "Valorization of organic additions in restorative lime mortars: Spent cooking oil and albumen." Construction and Building Materials 181, no. : 650-658.
This review presents “a state of the art” report on sustainability in construction materials. The authors propose different solutions to make the concrete industry more environmentally friendly in order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and consumption of non-renewable resources. Part 1—the present paper—focuses on the use of binders alternative to Portland cement, including sulfoaluminate cements, alkali-activated materials, and geopolymers. Part 2 will be dedicated to traditional Portland-free binders and waste management and recycling in mortar and concrete production.
Luigi Coppola; Tiziano Bellezze; Alberto Belli; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Fabio Maria Bolzoni; Andrea Brenna; Marina Cabrini; Sebastiano Candamano; Marta Cappai; Domenico Caputo; Maddalena Carsana; Ludovica Casnedi; Raffaele Cioffi; Ombretta Cocco; Denny Coffetti; Francesco Colangelo; Bartolomeo Coppola; Valeria Corinaldesi; Fortunato Crea; Elena Crotti; Valeria Daniele; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Delogu; Maria Vittoria Diamanti; Luciano Di Maio; Rosa Di Mundo; Luca Di Palma; Jacopo Donnini; Ilenia Farina; Claudio Ferone; Patrizia Frontera; Matteo Gastaldi; Chiara Giosuè; Loredana Incarnato; Barbara Liguori; Federica Lollini; Sergio Lorenzi; Stefania Manzi; Ottavio Marino; Milena Marroccoli; Maria Cristina Mascolo; Letterio Mavilia; Alida Mazzoli; Franco Medici; Paola Meloni; Glauco Merlonetti; Alessandra Mobili; Michele Notarnicola; Marco Ormellese; Tommaso Pastore; Mariapia Pedeferri; Andrea Petrella; Giorgio Pia; Elena Redaelli; Giuseppina Roviello; Paola Scarfato; Giancarlo Scoccia; Giuliana Taglieri; Antonio Telesca; Francesca Tittarelli; Francesco Todaro; Giorgio Vilardi; Fan Yang. Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction—part 1. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 2018, 16, 186 -202.
AMA StyleLuigi Coppola, Tiziano Bellezze, Alberto Belli, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Fabio Maria Bolzoni, Andrea Brenna, Marina Cabrini, Sebastiano Candamano, Marta Cappai, Domenico Caputo, Maddalena Carsana, Ludovica Casnedi, Raffaele Cioffi, Ombretta Cocco, Denny Coffetti, Francesco Colangelo, Bartolomeo Coppola, Valeria Corinaldesi, Fortunato Crea, Elena Crotti, Valeria Daniele, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Delogu, Maria Vittoria Diamanti, Luciano Di Maio, Rosa Di Mundo, Luca Di Palma, Jacopo Donnini, Ilenia Farina, Claudio Ferone, Patrizia Frontera, Matteo Gastaldi, Chiara Giosuè, Loredana Incarnato, Barbara Liguori, Federica Lollini, Sergio Lorenzi, Stefania Manzi, Ottavio Marino, Milena Marroccoli, Maria Cristina Mascolo, Letterio Mavilia, Alida Mazzoli, Franco Medici, Paola Meloni, Glauco Merlonetti, Alessandra Mobili, Michele Notarnicola, Marco Ormellese, Tommaso Pastore, Mariapia Pedeferri, Andrea Petrella, Giorgio Pia, Elena Redaelli, Giuseppina Roviello, Paola Scarfato, Giancarlo Scoccia, Giuliana Taglieri, Antonio Telesca, Francesca Tittarelli, Francesco Todaro, Giorgio Vilardi, Fan Yang. Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction—part 1. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 2018; 16 (3):186-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Coppola; Tiziano Bellezze; Alberto Belli; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Fabio Maria Bolzoni; Andrea Brenna; Marina Cabrini; Sebastiano Candamano; Marta Cappai; Domenico Caputo; Maddalena Carsana; Ludovica Casnedi; Raffaele Cioffi; Ombretta Cocco; Denny Coffetti; Francesco Colangelo; Bartolomeo Coppola; Valeria Corinaldesi; Fortunato Crea; Elena Crotti; Valeria Daniele; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Delogu; Maria Vittoria Diamanti; Luciano Di Maio; Rosa Di Mundo; Luca Di Palma; Jacopo Donnini; Ilenia Farina; Claudio Ferone; Patrizia Frontera; Matteo Gastaldi; Chiara Giosuè; Loredana Incarnato; Barbara Liguori; Federica Lollini; Sergio Lorenzi; Stefania Manzi; Ottavio Marino; Milena Marroccoli; Maria Cristina Mascolo; Letterio Mavilia; Alida Mazzoli; Franco Medici; Paola Meloni; Glauco Merlonetti; Alessandra Mobili; Michele Notarnicola; Marco Ormellese; Tommaso Pastore; Mariapia Pedeferri; Andrea Petrella; Giorgio Pia; Elena Redaelli; Giuseppina Roviello; Paola Scarfato; Giancarlo Scoccia; Giuliana Taglieri; Antonio Telesca; Francesca Tittarelli; Francesco Todaro; Giorgio Vilardi; Fan Yang. 2018. "Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction—part 1." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 3: 186-202.