Pesquisas efetivas que avaliam a eficiência dos rebanhos bovinos na região Norte do Brasil são insipientes. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar as mudanças genéticas aditivas diretas e maternais dos pesos padronizados para 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade, de animais da raça Nelore, criados a pasto, nascidos entre 1997 e 2007 na região Norte do Brasil. As estimativas dos componentes de (co)variâncias utilizadas no cálculo dos valores genéticos foram obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas (REML), usando o aplicativo MTDFREML. As tendências genéticas dos efeitos genéticos direto e maternal foram estimadas pela regressão, ponderada, das médias anuais dos valores genéticos dos animais. As estimativas das herdabilidade para P205, P365 e P550 foram 0,33; 0,51 e 0,41, com ganhos genéticos de 0,494, 1,229 e 1,500 kg ano-1, respectivamente. Em virtude da variação genética existente, verificou-se que a seleção do rebanho na região Norte do Brasil tem enfatizado principalmente a seleção para peso pós-desmama, ressaltando-se que a seleção para estes pesos pode gerar ao longo dos anos, aumento nos custos de produção, da idade ao abate e acabamento dos animais, havendo assim, necessidade de seleção mais criteriosa para estas características.

Objetivou-se estimar as (co) variâncias, parâmetros e tendências genéticas para as características dias para ganhar 160 kg (D160) na fase pré-desmama, e dias para ganhar 240 kg (D240) na fase pós-desmama, em bovinos da raça Nelore, criados na região Norte do Brasil. Foram analisados registros de animais criados a pasto na região Norte do Brasil, cedidos pela Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu - ABCZ, e coletados durante os anos de 1997 a 2007. Utilizou-se como efeito fixo os grupos de contemporâneos (rebanho, ano, estação de nascimento e sexo) e idade da vaca ao parto, como covariável. As estimativas de (co)variância foram obtidas utilizando-se o software MTDFREML. As médias observadas para D160 e D240 foram 235 ± 46 dias e 578 ± 171 dias, respectivamente. As estimativas de herdabilidade para D160, devido ao efeito genético aditivo e maternal foram 0,27 ± 0,03 e 0,35 ± 0,04, respectivamente. Para D240, a herdabilidade para efeito genético aditivo foi 0,28 ± 0,03. Isto indica que a seleção para qualquer uma das características resultará em progresso genético. Os possíveis ganhos genéticos, para efeito genético aditivo, foram de 1,02 e 3,17 dias/ano, para D160 e D240, respectivamente. Isto corresponde a 0,43 e 0,55% das médias de dias para se ganhar 160 kg (pré-desmame) e 240 kg (pós-desmame), respectivamente. Embora os critérios de seleção utilizados atualmente sejam os pesos, as tendências genéticas para D160 e D240 indicaram a existência de progresso genético ao se utilizar estas características como critérios de seleção. The objective was to estimate the (co) variance, genetic parameters and trends for the characteristics, days to gain 160 kg (D160) in the pre-weaning phase, and days to gain 240 kg (D240) in the post-weaning phase, in Nellore cattle, grown in Northern Brazil. Records analyzed were of animals raised on pasture in northern Brazil, provided by the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders - ABCZ, and collected from 1997 to 2007. Contemporary groups (herd, year, birth season and gender) were used as a fixed effects model, and age at calving as a covariant. Estimates of (co) variance were obtained using the MTDFREML software. The averages observed for D160 and D240 were 235 ± 46 days and 578 ± 171 days respectively. Estimates of heritability for D160, due to the additive genetic and maternal effect, were 0.27 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.04, respectively. For D240, the heritability for the additive genetic effect was 0.28 ± 0.03. This indicates that selection for any of the characteristics will result in genetic progress. Potential genetic gains due to the additive genetic effect, were 1.02 and 3.17 days per year for D160 and D240 respectively. This corresponds to 0.43 and 0.55% of the average of days to gain 160 kg (pre-weaning) and 240 kg (post-weaning) respectively. Although weight is currently used as the selection criteria, the genetic trends for D160 and D240 indicated the existence of genetic progress when using these characteristics as the selection criteria

This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on zoonotic agents in farmed fish from the interdisciplinary One Health perspective. The review followed a protocol, following the PICOS strategy, where P represents population (farmed fish), I represents intervention (fish diseases), C represents comparison (healthy fish), O represents outcome (One Health) and S represents the type of study (experimental studies). The searches were conducted in the SCOPUS, Science Direct and PubMed Central databases. Of the 400 articles identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria due to their methodological robustness. These articles focused predominantly on parasitic (60.9%) and bacterial (39.1%) zoonotic agents. The One Health approaches discussed throughout the articles included host-parasite interactions (35%), antimicrobial resistance (22%), infections and food safety (18%), nutrition and immune responses (17%), stress and immune responses (4%) and anthelmintic testing (4%). The findings indicate that high-level scientific production is often confined to specific fields, such as veterinary medicine, biological sciences and animal science/fishery resources. There is a lack of broad interdisciplinary collaboration, limiting the integration of diverse fields to improve scientific production.

The dairy industry diversifies products with organoleptic, dietary, functional, and nutritional properties according to consumer demands and welfare. This study aimed to examine the profile of consumers, data on milk consumption, knowledge, and familiarity with A2A2 milk in the Tocantins State, Brazil. A qualitative survey was carried out through a questionnaire applied to 389 people, distributed in 34 municipalities. Regarding the consumption of dairy products, 21.31% of participants described having some type of discomfort when consuming them. Among participants, 46.27% consumed one to two liters, 28.28% two to four liters, and 25.45% more than four liters per week. Milk was the main dairy product consumed, according to 59.13% of participants. Of all respondents, 76.10% pay little or no attention to the information on the label, versus 23.90% who did not. Regarding A2A2 milk, 40.36% possessed some knowledge about it, while 59.64% did not. 42.93% and 30.59% of participants stated they would be willing to pay over 10% or 50% more, respectively, whereas 24.94% would not pay any additional amount on the price of A2A2 milk. Willingness to pay a low additional amount was related to consumers who heard of, but knew little about this product, whereas the likelihood of paying higher additional amounts was associated with respondents who heard and know about the product.

This study was carried out to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for live weight of Nellore cattle from Performance Test of Young Bulls using random regression models. Data of weights and ages of 925 weaned males was used. The animal model included the fixed effect of contemporary group, age of the animal at weighing as a covariate and as random effects it was considered the effect of additive genetic and permanent environment of the animal. The residue was modeled considering four classes of variances. The models were compared based on the Bayesian information criteria of Akaike and Schwartz. The model polynomial of fourth and sixth order for the direct additive genetic effects and permanent environment of the animal, respectively was the most appropriate to describe the changes in the variances of the weights during the period in which the animals participating in the performance test young bulls. Heritability estimates showed moderate magnitudes and indicated that direct selection will promote improvement of selection criteria adopted. Furthermore, due to high positive correlation between the estimated weights, it was suggested selecting the best animals before at 365 days of age, because it is the period in which the animals have a higher growth rate and thus you can select animals heavier and less delayed.