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In light of the recent launch of the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard targeting the energy performance of commercial buildings, this study compares the energy performance certificates of three UK hotels generated by two different software, EDSL TAS and SBEM, both accredited by the UK government for the purpose. Upon finding the results discrepant, the study finds that the two software’s different assumptions for the air permeability rate contribute to the discrepancy. While modifying this value makes the results from the two software more aligned, further issues regarding the validation process arise. The study continues to find that the underlying issue can be found within the National Calculation Methodology’s assumption about domestic hot water consumption in hotels. These assumptions are compulsory to follow when generating a non-domestic energy performance certificate in the UK, therefore, any uncertainties within them can affect all the buildings seeking an energy performance certificate within that sector. Finally, the study discusses that, for meeting the carbon dioxide mitigation goals, it is necessary to make changes to the current procedure of energy performance certificate generating in the UK to increase its reliability.
Shiva Amirkhani; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Paulina Godfrey; Darren Cook; Hooman Tahayori; Hexin Zhang. Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7607 .
AMA StyleShiva Amirkhani, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Anastasia Mylona, Paulina Godfrey, Darren Cook, Hooman Tahayori, Hexin Zhang. Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiva Amirkhani; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Paulina Godfrey; Darren Cook; Hooman Tahayori; Hexin Zhang. 2021. "Uncertainties in Non-Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Generating in the UK." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7607.
It has become evident that term weighting has a significant effect on relevant document retrieval for which various methods are proposed. However, the main question that arises is which weighting method is the best? In this paper, it is shown that proper aggregation of weights generated by carefully selected basic weighting methods improves retrieval of the relevant documents with respect to the user’s needs. Toward this aim, it is shown that even using simple central tendency measures such as average, median or mid-range over an appropriate subset of basic weighting methods provides term weight that not only outperforms using each basic weighting method but also results in more effective weights in comparison with recently proposed complicated weighting methods. Based on exploiting the proposed method on various datasets, we have studied the effects of normalization of the basic weights, normalization of the vector lengths, the use of different components in the term frequency factor, etc. Results reveal the criteria for selecting an appropriate subset of basic weighting methods that would be fed to the aggregator in order to achieve higher retrieval precision.
Farzad Ghahramani; Hooman Tahayori; Andrea Visconti. Effects of central tendency measures on term weighting in textual information retrieval. Soft Computing 2021, 25, 7341 -7378.
AMA StyleFarzad Ghahramani, Hooman Tahayori, Andrea Visconti. Effects of central tendency measures on term weighting in textual information retrieval. Soft Computing. 2021; 25 (11):7341-7378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzad Ghahramani; Hooman Tahayori; Andrea Visconti. 2021. "Effects of central tendency measures on term weighting in textual information retrieval." Soft Computing 25, no. 11: 7341-7378.
The large-scale shifts in weather patterns and an unprecedented change in climate have given rise to the interest in how climate change will affect the carbon emissions of supermarkets. This study investigates the implications of future climatic conditions on the operation of supermarkets in the UK. The investigation was conducted by performing a series of energy modelling simulations on a LIDL supermarket model in London, based on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) future weather years provided by the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were used to perform the experiment, and the baseline model was validated against the actual data. This investigation ascertains and quantifies the annual energy consumption, carbon emissions, and cooling and heating demand of the supermarket under different climatic projections, which further validate the scientific theory of annual temperature rise as a result of long-term climatic variation. The maximum percentage increase for the annual energy consumption for current and future weather data sets observed was 7.01 and 6.45 for the 2050s medium emissions scenario, (90th) percentile and high emissions scenario, (90th) percentile, respectively, and 11.05, 14.07, and 17.68 for the 2080s low emissions scenario, (90th) percentile, medium (90th) percentile and high emissions scenario (90th) percentile, respectively. A similar inclining trend in the case of annual CO2 emissions was observed where the peak increase percentage was 6.80 and 6.24 for the 2050s medium emissions scenario, (90th) percentile and high (90th) percentile, respectively and 10.84, 13.84, and 17.45 for the 2080s low emissions scenario, (90th) percentile, medium emissions scenario (90th) percentile and high emissions scenario (90th) percentile, respectively. The study also analyses the future heating and cooling demands of the three warmest months and three coldest months of the year, respectively, to determine future variance in their relative values.
Agha Hasan; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Marco Ferri; Hooman Tahayori. Investigating the Potential Impact of Future Climate Change on UK Supermarket Building Performance. Sustainability 2020, 13, 33 .
AMA StyleAgha Hasan, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Anastasia Mylona, Marco Ferri, Hooman Tahayori. Investigating the Potential Impact of Future Climate Change on UK Supermarket Building Performance. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgha Hasan; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi; Anastasia Mylona; Marco Ferri; Hooman Tahayori. 2020. "Investigating the Potential Impact of Future Climate Change on UK Supermarket Building Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 33.
In real applications, calculation of centroid, as a common defuzzification method, requires discretization of the fuzzy sets which makes the calculation on one hand time-consuming and on the other hand approximated. Particularly, centroid calculation for higher order fuzzy sets, is a bottleneck toward their real use. In this paper, we introduce polygonal fuzzy sets of type-1, interval type-2, and general type-2. Then we propose a closed form formula for exact and fast calculation of the centroid of polygonal type-1 fuzzy sets defined on continuous domain without the need of discretization. With the integration of the proposed method with EKM algorithm – that is a well-known algorithm for calculating the centroid of interval type-2 fuzzy sets – a fast and precise method for calculating the centroid of polygonal interval type-2 fuzzy sets and polygonal type-2 fuzzy sets on discrete and continuous domain are presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithms calculate the centroids of polygonal fuzzy sets faster and more accurately.
Mohammad Naimi; Hooman Tahayori. Centroid of polygonal fuzzy sets. Applied Soft Computing 2020, 95, 106519 .
AMA StyleMohammad Naimi, Hooman Tahayori. Centroid of polygonal fuzzy sets. Applied Soft Computing. 2020; 95 ():106519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Naimi; Hooman Tahayori. 2020. "Centroid of polygonal fuzzy sets." Applied Soft Computing 95, no. : 106519.
During the past decades, the problem of finding leaks in Water Distribution Networks (WDN) has been challenging. The quicker detection of leaks, on one hand prevents water loss and helps avoiding economic and environmental leakage consequences. On the other hand, increasing the speed of leak detection increases the false leak detection that imposes high costs. In this paper, we propose a fast hybrid method using AI algorithms and hydraulic relations for detecting and locating leaks and identifying the volume of losses material. The proposed method relies on simple and cost-effective flow sensors installed on each junction in the pipeline network. We demonstrate how influential features for leak detection would be generated by using hydraulic equations like Hazen–Williams, Darcy–Weisbach and pressure drop. Through exploiting Decision Tree, KNN, random forest, and Bayesian network we build predictive models and based on the pipeline topology, we locate leaks and their pressure. Comparing the results of applying the proposed method on various leak scenarios shows that the proposed method in this paper, outperforms other existing methods.
Zahra Fereidooni; Hooman Tahayori; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. A hybrid model-based method for leak detection in large scale water distribution networks. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2020, 12, 1613 -1629.
AMA StyleZahra Fereidooni, Hooman Tahayori, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. A hybrid model-based method for leak detection in large scale water distribution networks. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2020; 12 (2):1613-1629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Fereidooni; Hooman Tahayori; Ali Bahadori-Jahromi. 2020. "A hybrid model-based method for leak detection in large scale water distribution networks." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 12, no. 2: 1613-1629.
Defuzzification plays an important role in the applications of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (IT2FSs). However computational complexity of existing defuzzification methods has turned this procedure to be an important bottleneck toward the use of IT2FSs. It has been proved that the Nie-Tan method is an accurate discretizing based method for calculating the Center of Gravity (COG) of IT2FSs. In this paper we propose a fast and accurate method for calculating the Center of Gravity (COG) - Nie-Tan defuzzification - of polygonal IT2FSs on discrete and continuous domains without the need of discretization. The proposed method calculates accurate COG for trapezoidal and triangular IT2FSs as special cases of polygonal IT2FSs. Moreover, any IT2FS can be approximated by a polygonal IT2FS -the higher the order of polygonal IT2FS, the better the approximation. Hence using the proposed method on an IT2FS that is approximated by an appropriate polygonal IT2FS, results in a more accurate COG.
Mohammad Naimi; Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian. A Fast and Accurate Method for Calculating the Center of Gravity of Polygonal Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2020, 29, 1472 -1483.
AMA StyleMohammad Naimi, Hooman Tahayori, Alireza Sadeghian. A Fast and Accurate Method for Calculating the Center of Gravity of Polygonal Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 2020; 29 (6):1472-1483.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Naimi; Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian. 2020. "A Fast and Accurate Method for Calculating the Center of Gravity of Polygonal Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 29, no. 6: 1472-1483.
People may do the same activity in many different ways hence, modeling and recognizing that activity based on data gathered through simple sensors like motion sensor is a complex task. In this paper, we propose an approach for activity mining and activity tracking which identifies frequent normal and interleaved activities that individuals perform. With this capability, we can track the occurrence of regular activities to monitor users and detect changes in an individual’s behavioral pattern and lifestyle. We have tested the proposed method using the datasets of Washington State University CASAS and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) smart home projects. The obtained results show considerable improvements compared with existing methods.
Mahsa Raeiszadeh; Hooman Tahayori; Andrea Visconti. Discovering varying patterns of Normal and interleaved ADLs in smart homes. Applied Intelligence 2019, 49, 4175 -4188.
AMA StyleMahsa Raeiszadeh, Hooman Tahayori, Andrea Visconti. Discovering varying patterns of Normal and interleaved ADLs in smart homes. Applied Intelligence. 2019; 49 (12):4175-4188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahsa Raeiszadeh; Hooman Tahayori; Andrea Visconti. 2019. "Discovering varying patterns of Normal and interleaved ADLs in smart homes." Applied Intelligence 49, no. 12: 4175-4188.
In this paper, we deal with the problem of classification of interval type-2 fuzzy sets through evaluating their distinguishability. To this end, we exploit a general matching algorithm to compute their similarity measure. The algorithm is based on the aggregation of two core similarity measures applied independently on the upper and lower membership functions of the given pair of interval type-2 fuzzy sets that are to be compared. Based on the proposed matching procedure, we develop an experimental methodology for evaluating the distinguishability of collections of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Experimental results on evaluating the proposed methodology are carried out in the context of classification by considering interval type-2 fuzzy sets as patterns of suitable classification problem instances. We show that considering only the upper and lower membership functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets is sufficient to (i) accurately discriminate between them and (ii) judge and quantify their distinguishability. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved
Lorenzo Livi; Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian; Antonello Rizzi. Distinguishability of interval type-2 fuzzy sets data by analyzing upper and lower membership functions. Applied Soft Computing 2014, 17, 79 -89.
AMA StyleLorenzo Livi, Hooman Tahayori, Alireza Sadeghian, Antonello Rizzi. Distinguishability of interval type-2 fuzzy sets data by analyzing upper and lower membership functions. Applied Soft Computing. 2014; 17 ():79-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Livi; Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian; Antonello Rizzi. 2014. "Distinguishability of interval type-2 fuzzy sets data by analyzing upper and lower membership functions." Applied Soft Computing 17, no. : 79-89.
The existing methods of determining an α-cut of a fuzzy set to construct its underlying shadowed set do not fully comply with the concept of shadowed sets, namely, a retention of the total amount of fuzziness and its localized redistribution throughout a universe of discourse. Moreover, no closed formula to calculate the corresponding α-cut is available. This paper proposes analytical formulas to calculate threshold values required in the construction of shadowed sets. We introduce a new algorithm to design a shadowed set from a given fuzzy set. The proposed algorithm, which adheres to the main premise of shadowed sets of capturing the essence of fuzzy sets, helps localize fuzziness present in a given fuzzy set. We represent the fuzziness of a fuzzy set as a gradual number. Through defuzzification of the gradual number of fuzziness, we determine the required threshold (i.e., some α-cut) used in the formation of the shadowed set. We show that the shadowed set obtained in this way comes with a measure of fuzziness that is equal to the one characterizing the original fuzzy set.
Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian; Witold Pedrycz. Induction of Shadowed Sets Based on the Gradual Grade of Fuzziness. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2013, 21, 937 -949.
AMA StyleHooman Tahayori, Alireza Sadeghian, Witold Pedrycz. Induction of Shadowed Sets Based on the Gradual Grade of Fuzziness. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 2013; 21 (5):937-949.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian; Witold Pedrycz. 2013. "Induction of Shadowed Sets Based on the Gradual Grade of Fuzziness." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 21, no. 5: 937-949.
This paper introduces median interval approach (MIA) as a simple systematic method for modelling words from natural languages with interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FS). The methodology is based on calculating the median boundaries of the range of membership functions associated with the words. MIA exhibits outlier tolerance which makes it applicable on different datasets gathered through various methods via different sources. Moreover, this approach provides consistent IT2FS models of words whereas they are generated based on different datasets. Experiments conducted on the datasets that are used in other researches show that the IT2FSs generated by MIA are more reasonable and better interpretable.
Hooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian. Median interval approach to model words with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms 2012, 4, 313 -336.
AMA StyleHooman Tahayori, Alireza Sadeghian. Median interval approach to model words with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms. 2012; 4 (3/4):313-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHooman Tahayori; Alireza Sadeghian. 2012. "Median interval approach to model words with interval type-2 fuzzy sets." International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms 4, no. 3/4: 313-336.