Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder associated with craniofacial morphology and dental arches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and the morphometry of dental arches and upper airways. Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in the study, and the polysomnographic parameters evaluated were the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI). Dental measurements taken from the 3D models included anterior arch widths, posterior arch widths, maxillary and mandibular arch lengths, and palatal surface area. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation was also performed. Results: In patients with moderate OSA, posterior maxillary width was significantly correlated with both minimal airway area (rho = 0.65, p < 0.01) and its transverse diameter (rho = 0.68, p < 0.01). Similarly, in patients with severe OSA, posterior maxillary width showed a significant correlation with total airway volume (rho = 1, p < 0.01), minimal airway area (rho = 1, p < 0.01), and its transverse diameter (rho = 1, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Craniofacial morphology and malocclusion can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a number of cardiovascular comorbidities, including hypertension, heart rate (HR) alterations, cardiac arrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. HR, in particular, is an important sign correlated with cardiac stress and survival. Previous investigations on the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy on HR resulted in contradictory findings. The aim of the present retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effects of MAD therapy with a fully customizable appliance on respiratory and cardiovascular parameters. Fifty adult consecutive cases with mild to severe OSA underwent split-night polysomnography (SN-PSG) at baseline (T0) and after three months of MAD treatment (T1), after appropriate titration. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and HR (average, minimum and maximum) values are recorded at T0 and at T1 and statistically compared. The AHI and ODI values improved after three months of MAD treatment. The minimum HR increased after treatment, while the maximum HR decreased after treatment. MAD treatment with a fully customizable appliance was effective in improving breathing and cardiovascular parameters in adult patients with mild to severe OSA.

Background: Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are considered an effective therapeutic option for managing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in adults. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a range of comorbidities, notably cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present retrospective study is to evaluate respiratory and cardiovascular parameters in OSA patients treated with a MAD. Methods: A total of 64 adults with OSA from moderate-to-severe OSAS underwent split-night polysomnography (SN-PSG) at baseline (T0) and after three months of treatment with a MAD (T1) and were subsequently analyzed using statistical methods for a comparative evaluation. Results: After 3 months of treatment, patients showed a significant decrease in mean heart rate (p < 0.05), maximum heart rate (p < 0.01) and in both the AHI and ODI (p < 0.01), along with a significant increase in minimum heart rate (p < 0.05).Conclusions: These findings indicate that MAD therapy may contribute to improvements in both respiratory efficiency and cardiovascular function in individuals with OSAS, offering a valuable integrated treatment strategy for patients with coexisting cardiovascular conditions.

Objective: This observational study aimed to evaluate occlusal changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with a mandibular advancement device after two years of therapy. Methods: Sixty adult patients with mild to moderate OSA (apnea–hypopnea index 15–30 events/h) were treated with the IMYS MAD for 24 months. Digital dental impressions were analyzed using Autodesk Meshmixer and Fusion 360 to measure sagittal, frontal, and occlusal angles, as well as upper incisor inclination at baseline (T0) and after treatment (T1). In addition, changes in the polysomnographic indices AHI and ODI were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests depending on data normality (p < 0.05). Results: No significant differences were found between T0 and T1 in sagittal (IC 95% −2.053,1.433), occlusal (IC 95%, −1.202, 0.722) or frontal angles (IC 95% −1.487, 0.447), or in upper incisor inclination (IC 95%, 0.06,3.04). Polysomnographic parameters improved significantly, with mean AHI decreasing from 27.7 ± 12.3 (IC 95% 24.53–30.87) to 6.2 ± 4.0 events/h (IC 95% 5.17–7.27) and ODI from 19.7 ± 9.4 (IC 95% 17.27–22.13) to 4.7 ± 3.2 (IC 95% 3.82–5.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found that the IMYS MAD did not induce significant variations in occlusal plane orientation or upper incisors inclination after two years of treatment. These null findings suggest that the IMYS device may provide effective OSA management while minimizing the risk of occlusal or dental side effects. However, the retrospective design and the 24-month follow-up duration should be taken into consideration.