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Christian Möllmann
Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Understanding tipping point dynamics in harvested ecosystems is of crucial importance for sustainable resource management because ignoring their existence imperils social-ecological systems that depend on them. Fisheries collapses provide the best known examples for realizing tipping points with catastrophic ecological, economic and social consequences. However, present-day fisheries management systems still largely ignore the potential of their resources to exhibit such abrupt changes towards irreversible low productive states. Using a combination of statistical changepoint analysis and stochastic cusp modelling, here we show that Western Baltic cod is beyond such a tipping point caused by unsustainable exploitation levels that failed to account for changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, climate change stabilizes a novel and likely irreversible low productivity state of this fish stock that is not adapted to a fast warming environment. We hence argue that ignorance of non-linear resource dynamics has caused the demise of an economically and culturally important social-ecological system which calls for better adaptation of fisheries systems to climate change.

ACS Style

Christian Möllmann; Xochitl Cormon; Steffen Funk; Saskia A. Otto; Jörn O. Schmidt; Heike Schwermer; Camilla Sguotti; Rudi Voss; Martin Quaas. Tipping point realized in cod fishery. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Christian Möllmann, Xochitl Cormon, Steffen Funk, Saskia A. Otto, Jörn O. Schmidt, Heike Schwermer, Camilla Sguotti, Rudi Voss, Martin Quaas. Tipping point realized in cod fishery. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Möllmann; Xochitl Cormon; Steffen Funk; Saskia A. Otto; Jörn O. Schmidt; Heike Schwermer; Camilla Sguotti; Rudi Voss; Martin Quaas. 2021. "Tipping point realized in cod fishery." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Spatially explicit records of fishing activities’ distribution are fundamental for effective marine spatial planning (MSP) because they can help to identify principal fishing areas. However, in numerous case studies, MSP has ignored fishing activities due to data scarcity. The vessel monitoring system (VMS) and the automatic identification system (AIS) are two commonly known technologies used to observe fishing activities. However, both technologies generate data that have several limitations, making them ineffective when used in isolation. Here, we evaluate both datasets’ limitations and strengths, measure the drawbacks of using any single dataset and propose a method for combining both technologies for a more precise estimation of the distribution of fishing activities. Using the Baltic Sea and the North Sea–Celtic Sea regions as case studies, we compare the spatial distribution of fishing effort from International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) VMS data and global fishing watch AIS data. We show that using either dataset in isolation can lead to a significant underestimation of fishing effort. We also demonstrate that integrating both datasets in an ensemble approach can provide more accurate fisheries information for MSP. Given the rapid expansion of MSP activities globally, our approach can be utilised in data-limited regions to improve cross border spatial planning.

ACS Style

Pascal Thoya; Joseph Maina; Christian Möllmann; Kerstin Schiele. AIS and VMS Ensemble Can Address Data Gaps on Fisheries for Marine Spatial Planning. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3769 .

AMA Style

Pascal Thoya, Joseph Maina, Christian Möllmann, Kerstin Schiele. AIS and VMS Ensemble Can Address Data Gaps on Fisheries for Marine Spatial Planning. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pascal Thoya; Joseph Maina; Christian Möllmann; Kerstin Schiele. 2021. "AIS and VMS Ensemble Can Address Data Gaps on Fisheries for Marine Spatial Planning." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3769.

Research article
Published: 19 January 2021 in People and Nature
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Improving the health of coastal and open sea marine ecosystems represents a substantial challenge for sustainable marine resource management, since it requires balancing human benefits and impacts on the ocean. This challenge is often exacerbated by incomplete knowledge and lack of tools that measure ocean and coastal ecosystem health in a way that allows consistent monitoring of progress towards predefined management targets. The lack of such tools often limits capabilities to enact and enforce effective governance. We introduce the Baltic Health Index (BHI) as a transparent, collaborative and repeatable assessment tool. The Index complements existing, more ecological‐oriented, approaches by including a human dimension on the status of the Baltic Sea, an ecosystem impacted by multiple anthropogenic pressures and governed by a multitude of comprehensive national and international policies. Using a large amount of social–ecological data available, we assessed the health of the Baltic Sea for nine goals that represent the status towards set targets, for example, clean waters, biodiversity, food provision, natural products extraction and tourism. Our results indicate that the overall health of the Baltic Sea is suboptimal (a score of 76 out of 100), and a substantial effort is required to reach the management objectives and associated targets. Subregionally, the lowest BHI scores were measured for carbon storage, contaminants and lasting special places (i.e. marine protected areas), albeit with large spatial variation. Overall, the likely future status of all goals in the BHI averaged for the entire Baltic Sea is better than the present status, indicating a positive trend towards a healthier Baltic Sea. However, in some Baltic Sea basins, the trend for specific goals was decreasing, highlighting locations and issues that should be the focus of management priorities. The BHI outcomes can be used to identify both pan‐Baltic and subregional scale management priorities and to illustrate the interconnectedness between goals linked by cumulative pressures. Hence, the information provided by the BHI tool and its further development will contribute towards the fulfilment of the UN Agenda 2030 and its Sustainability Development Goals. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

ACS Style

Thorsten Blenckner; Christian Möllmann; Julia Stewart Lowndes; Jennifer R. Griffiths; Eleanore Campbell; Andrea De Cervo; Andrea Belgrano; Christoffer Boström; Vivi Fleming; Melanie Frazier; Stefan Neuenfeldt; Susa Niiranen; Annika Nilsson; Henn Ojaveer; Jens Olsson; Christine S. Palmlöv; Martin Quaas; Wilfried Rickels; Anna Sobek; Markku Viitasalo; Sofia A. Wikström; Benjamin S. Halpern. The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea. People and Nature 2021, 3, 359 -375.

AMA Style

Thorsten Blenckner, Christian Möllmann, Julia Stewart Lowndes, Jennifer R. Griffiths, Eleanore Campbell, Andrea De Cervo, Andrea Belgrano, Christoffer Boström, Vivi Fleming, Melanie Frazier, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Susa Niiranen, Annika Nilsson, Henn Ojaveer, Jens Olsson, Christine S. Palmlöv, Martin Quaas, Wilfried Rickels, Anna Sobek, Markku Viitasalo, Sofia A. Wikström, Benjamin S. Halpern. The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea. People and Nature. 2021; 3 (2):359-375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thorsten Blenckner; Christian Möllmann; Julia Stewart Lowndes; Jennifer R. Griffiths; Eleanore Campbell; Andrea De Cervo; Andrea Belgrano; Christoffer Boström; Vivi Fleming; Melanie Frazier; Stefan Neuenfeldt; Susa Niiranen; Annika Nilsson; Henn Ojaveer; Jens Olsson; Christine S. Palmlöv; Martin Quaas; Wilfried Rickels; Anna Sobek; Markku Viitasalo; Sofia A. Wikström; Benjamin S. Halpern. 2021. "The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea." People and Nature 3, no. 2: 359-375.

Primary research article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Global Change Biology
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Global environmental changes have accelerated at an unprecedented rate in recent decades due to human activities. As a consequence, the incidence of novel abiotic conditions and biotic communities, which have been continuously emerging in the Earth system, has rapidly risen. Despite growing attention to the incidence and challenges posed by novelty in terrestrial ecosystems, novelty has not yet been quantified in marine ecosystems. Here, we measured for the rate of novelty (RoN) in abiotic conditions and community structure for three trophic levels, i.e., phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish, in a large marine system ‐ the Baltic Sea. We measured RoN as the degree of dissimilarity relative to a specific spatial and temporal baseline, and contrasted this with the rate of change as a measure of within‐basin change over time. We found that over the past 35 years abiotic and biotic RoN showed complex dynamics varying in time and space, depending on the baseline conditions. RoN in abiotic conditions was smaller in the open Central Baltic Sea than in the Kattegat and the more enclosed Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Riga, and Gulf of Finland in the north. We found a similar spatial pattern for biotic assemblages, which resulted from changes in composition and stock size. We identified sea‐surface temperature and salinity as key drivers of RoN in biotic communities. Hence, future environmental changes that are expected to affect the biogeochemistry of the Baltic Sea, may favor the rise of biotic novelty. Our results highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of novelty development in marine ecosystems, including interactions between species and trophic levels, ecosystem functioning under novel abiotic conditions, and considering novelty in future management interventions.

ACS Style

Yosr Ammar; Susa Niiranen; Saskia A. Otto; Christian Möllmann; Walter Finsinger; Thorsten Blenckner. The rise of novelty in marine ecosystems: The Baltic Sea case. Global Change Biology 2021, 27, 1485 -1499.

AMA Style

Yosr Ammar, Susa Niiranen, Saskia A. Otto, Christian Möllmann, Walter Finsinger, Thorsten Blenckner. The rise of novelty in marine ecosystems: The Baltic Sea case. Global Change Biology. 2021; 27 (7):1485-1499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yosr Ammar; Susa Niiranen; Saskia A. Otto; Christian Möllmann; Walter Finsinger; Thorsten Blenckner. 2021. "The rise of novelty in marine ecosystems: The Baltic Sea case." Global Change Biology 27, no. 7: 1485-1499.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2019 in Scientific Reports
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A fundamental challenge in ecology is to understand why species are found where they are and predict where they are likely to occur in the future. Trait-based approaches may provide such understanding, because it is the traits and adaptations of species that determine which environments they can inhabit. It is therefore important to identify key traits that determine species distributions and investigate how these traits relate to the environment. Based on scientific bottom-trawl surveys of marine fish abundances and traits of >1,200 species, we investigate trait-environment relationships and project the trait composition of marine fish communities across the continental shelf seas of the Northern hemisphere. We show that traits related to growth, maturation and lifespan respond most strongly to the environment. This is reflected by a pronounced “fast-slow continuum” of fish life-histories, revealing that traits vary with temperature at large spatial scales, but also with depth and seasonality at more local scales. Our findings provide insight into the structure of marine fish communities and suggest that global warming will favour an expansion of fast-living species. Knowledge of the global and local drivers of trait distributions can thus be used to predict future responses of fish communities to environmental change.

ACS Style

Esther Beukhof; Romain Frelat; Laurene Pecuchet; Aurore Maureaud; Tim Spaanheden Dencker; Jón Sólmundsson; Antonio Punzón; Raul Primicerio; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann; Martin Lindegren. Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Esther Beukhof, Romain Frelat, Laurene Pecuchet, Aurore Maureaud, Tim Spaanheden Dencker, Jón Sólmundsson, Antonio Punzón, Raul Primicerio, Manuel Hidalgo, Christian Möllmann, Martin Lindegren. Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther Beukhof; Romain Frelat; Laurene Pecuchet; Aurore Maureaud; Tim Spaanheden Dencker; Jón Sólmundsson; Antonio Punzón; Raul Primicerio; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann; Martin Lindegren. 2019. "Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2018 in Marine Ecology Progress Series
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ACS Style

Matthias Bernreuther; Janna Peters; Christian Möllmann; Jasmin Renz; Jörg Dutz; Jens-Peter Herrmann; Axel Temming. Trophic decoupling of mesozooplankton production and pelagic planktivores sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Central Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2018, 592, 181 -196.

AMA Style

Matthias Bernreuther, Janna Peters, Christian Möllmann, Jasmin Renz, Jörg Dutz, Jens-Peter Herrmann, Axel Temming. Trophic decoupling of mesozooplankton production and pelagic planktivores sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Central Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2018; 592 ():181-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Bernreuther; Janna Peters; Christian Möllmann; Jasmin Renz; Jörg Dutz; Jens-Peter Herrmann; Axel Temming. 2018. "Trophic decoupling of mesozooplankton production and pelagic planktivores sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Central Baltic Sea." Marine Ecology Progress Series 592, no. : 181-196.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2018 in Marine Policy
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U.S. fisheries management has made tremendous strides under the current management framework, which centers on single stocks rather than ecosystems. However, conventional management focuses on one fishing sector at a time, considers a narrow range of issues, and is separated into individual fishery management plans often leaving little opportunity to consider overarching management goals across fisheries. Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (EBFM) provides mechanisms to address these but has not been widely adopted. Here, we review and analyze the development of Fisheries Ecosystem Plans (FEPs) as a means to implement EBFM. In doing so, we provide a blueprint for next-generation FEPS that have the potential to translate EBFM to action. We highlight FEPs as a structured planning process that uses adaptive management to operationalize EBFM. This “FEP Loop” process starts by identifying the key factors that shape a fishery system and considering them simultaneously, as a coherent whole. It then helps managers and stakeholders delineate their overarching goals for the system and refine them into specific, realistic projects. And it charts a course forward with a set of management actions that work in concert to achieve the highest-priority objectives. We conclude that EBFM is feasible today using existing science tools, policy instruments, and management structures. Not only that, nearly all of the steps in the proposed “FEP Loop” process are presently being carried out by U.S. fishery managers. The process of reviewing regional experiences in developing and applying the FEP loop will lead to adaptations and improvements of the process we propose.

ACS Style

Phillip S. Levin; Timothy E. Essington; Kristin N. Marshall; Laura E. Koehn; Lee G. Anderson; Alida Bundy; Courtney Carothers; Felicia Coleman; Leah R. Gerber; Jonathan H. Grabowski; Edward Houde; Olaf P. Jensen; Christian Möllmann; Kenneth Rose; James N. Sanchirico; Anthony D.M. Smith. Building effective fishery ecosystem plans. Marine Policy 2018, 92, 48 -57.

AMA Style

Phillip S. Levin, Timothy E. Essington, Kristin N. Marshall, Laura E. Koehn, Lee G. Anderson, Alida Bundy, Courtney Carothers, Felicia Coleman, Leah R. Gerber, Jonathan H. Grabowski, Edward Houde, Olaf P. Jensen, Christian Möllmann, Kenneth Rose, James N. Sanchirico, Anthony D.M. Smith. Building effective fishery ecosystem plans. Marine Policy. 2018; 92 ():48-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phillip S. Levin; Timothy E. Essington; Kristin N. Marshall; Laura E. Koehn; Lee G. Anderson; Alida Bundy; Courtney Carothers; Felicia Coleman; Leah R. Gerber; Jonathan H. Grabowski; Edward Houde; Olaf P. Jensen; Christian Möllmann; Kenneth Rose; James N. Sanchirico; Anthony D.M. Smith. 2018. "Building effective fishery ecosystem plans." Marine Policy 92, no. : 48-57.

Preprint content
Published: 20 February 2018
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The relationship, if any, between diversity and stability has puzzled ecologists for decades. Most studies use taxonomic classifications to understand why and under what conditions the community is more stable than the sum of its parts. However, fish populations, for example, are known for their strong ontogenetic-trophic niche shift, suggesting a size-based classification of individuals that complement information on its functional role. We propose a size-based approach to study the Diversity-Stability Relationship in order to understand the influence of the size distribution on the stability of the community. Our empirical study is based on a data collection of more than 25.000 fisheries hauls covering most of the European marine ecosystems (Baltic Sea, North Sea, European Atlantic Shelf and the Mediterranean Sea). We compiled long term (>20 years) time series of fish abundances in 23 distinct areas and calculated stability indicators with both the taxonomic and size classification. Our size-based approach provides new insights into the dynamics of communities, complementary to the view offered by taxonomic diversity. Knowing the importance of size distribution in the stability of fish community could provide relevant advices for marine ecosystem based management.

ACS Style

Romain Frelat; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann. Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Romain Frelat, Manuel Hidalgo, Christian Möllmann. Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Romain Frelat; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann. 2018. "Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 20 February 2018
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The relationship, if any, between diversity and stability has puzzled ecologists for decades. Most studies use taxonomic classifications to understand why and under what conditions the community is more stable than the sum of its parts. However, fish populations, for example, are known for their strong ontogenetic-trophic niche shift, suggesting a size-based classification of individuals that complement information on its functional role. We propose a size-based approach to study the Diversity-Stability Relationship in order to understand the influence of the size distribution on the stability of the community. Our empirical study is based on a data collection of more than 25.000 fisheries hauls covering most of the European marine ecosystems (Baltic Sea, North Sea, European Atlantic Shelf and the Mediterranean Sea). We compiled long term (>20 years) time series of fish abundances in 23 distinct areas and calculated stability indicators with both the taxonomic and size classification. Our size-based approach provides new insights into the dynamics of communities, complementary to the view offered by taxonomic diversity. Knowing the importance of size distribution in the stability of fish community could provide relevant advices for marine ecosystem based management.

ACS Style

Romain Frelat; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann. Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Romain Frelat, Manuel Hidalgo, Christian Möllmann. Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Romain Frelat; Manuel Hidalgo; Christian Möllmann. 2018. "Does the community size distribution influence the diversity-stability relationship? Empirical evidence from fish communities across European seas." , no. : 1.

Chapter
Published: 18 October 2017 in Hamburger Klimabericht – Wissen über Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in Hamburg und Norddeutschland
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Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft sind zusammen mit der Fischerei ein wichtiger Wirtschaftsfaktor der Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH). In den dörflichen und weit von der Hansestadt entfernten Regionen ist die Landwirtschaft ein bedeutender Arbeitgeber (Schulze et al. 2011; Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig Holstein 2013; Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder 2015). Fischerei, Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft tragen etwa 1 % zur Bruttowertschöpfung der MRH bei, wobei der Anteil in den Landkreisen Lüchow‐Dannenberg und Ludwigslust‐Parchim bei über 5 % liegt (Tab. 7.1). Die geringsten Beiträge zur Bruttowertschöpfung (rund 0,1 %) werden in den kreisfreien Städten Lübeck und Hamburg erzielt. In Hamburg werden rund 6 % der gesamten Bruttowertschöpfung der Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei erzielt. Dieser im Vergleich zur forst‐ und landwirtschaftlichen Fläche hohe Anteil an der Bruttowertschöpfung ist auf die Ausrichtung auf den wenig flächenintensiven und hoch produktiven Gartenbau zurückzuführen. Aufgrund der Unterschiede zwischen terrestrischer und maritimer Biosphäre sowie der dadurch bedingten unterschiedlichen Produktionsbedingungen werden im Folgenden Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei getrennt dargestellt. Im Gegensatz zum Klimabericht 2011 (von Storch und Claussen 2011) befasst sich der Teilbereich Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft intensiv mit Wäldern, deren langfristige Produktionszeiträume eine besondere Herausforderung für die Anpassung an erwartete zukünftige Klimaveränderungen darstellen.

ACS Style

Michael Köhl; Christian Möllmann; Jörg Fromm; Gerd Kraus; Volker Mues. Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei. Hamburger Klimabericht – Wissen über Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in Hamburg und Norddeutschland 2017, 149 -172.

AMA Style

Michael Köhl, Christian Möllmann, Jörg Fromm, Gerd Kraus, Volker Mues. Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei. Hamburger Klimabericht – Wissen über Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in Hamburg und Norddeutschland. 2017; ():149-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Köhl; Christian Möllmann; Jörg Fromm; Gerd Kraus; Volker Mues. 2017. "Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei." Hamburger Klimabericht – Wissen über Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in Hamburg und Norddeutschland , no. : 149-172.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Progress in Oceanography
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A recent increase in the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) has initiated numerous environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs. These focus on sea mammals, seabirds, benthos or demersal fish, but generally ignore any potential effects OWFs may have on the pelagic ecosystem. The only work on the latter has been through modelling analyses, which predict localised impacts like enhanced vertical mixing leading to a decrease in seasonal stratification, as well as shelf-wide changes of tidal amplitudes. Here we provide for the first-time empirical bio-physical data from an OWF. The data were obtained by towing a remotely operated vehicle (TRIAXUS ROTV) through two non-operating OWFs in the summer stratified North Sea. The undulating TRIAXUS transects provided high-resolution CTD data accompanied by oxygen and chlorophyll-a measurements. We provide empirical indication that vertical mixing is increased within the OWFs, leading to a doming of the thermocline and a subsequent transport of nutrients into the surface mixed layer (SML). Nutrients were taken up rapidly because underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) enabled net primary production in the entire water column, especially within submesoscale chlorophyll-a pillars that were observed at regular intervals within the OWF regions. Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) images revealed distinct meroplankton distribution patterns in a copepod-dominated plankton community. Hydroacoustic records did not show any OWF effects on the distribution of pelagic fish. The results of a pre-OWF survey show however, that it is difficult to fully separate the anthropogenic impacts from the natural variability. © 2017 Elsevier Lt

ACS Style

Jens Floeter; Justus E.E. van Beusekom; Dominik Auch; Ulrich Callies; Jeffrey Carpenter; Tim Dudeck; Sabine Eberle; André Eckhardt; Dominik Gloe; Kristin Hänselmann; Marc Hufnagl; Silke Janßen; Hermann Lenhart; Klas Ove Möller; Ryan P. North; Thomas Pohlmann; Rolf Riethmüller; Sabrina Schulz; Stefan Spreizenbarth; Axel Temming; Bettina Walter; Oliver Zielinski; Christian Möllmann. Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea. Progress in Oceanography 2017, 156, 154 -173.

AMA Style

Jens Floeter, Justus E.E. van Beusekom, Dominik Auch, Ulrich Callies, Jeffrey Carpenter, Tim Dudeck, Sabine Eberle, André Eckhardt, Dominik Gloe, Kristin Hänselmann, Marc Hufnagl, Silke Janßen, Hermann Lenhart, Klas Ove Möller, Ryan P. North, Thomas Pohlmann, Rolf Riethmüller, Sabrina Schulz, Stefan Spreizenbarth, Axel Temming, Bettina Walter, Oliver Zielinski, Christian Möllmann. Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea. Progress in Oceanography. 2017; 156 ():154-173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens Floeter; Justus E.E. van Beusekom; Dominik Auch; Ulrich Callies; Jeffrey Carpenter; Tim Dudeck; Sabine Eberle; André Eckhardt; Dominik Gloe; Kristin Hänselmann; Marc Hufnagl; Silke Janßen; Hermann Lenhart; Klas Ove Möller; Ryan P. North; Thomas Pohlmann; Rolf Riethmüller; Sabrina Schulz; Stefan Spreizenbarth; Axel Temming; Bettina Walter; Oliver Zielinski; Christian Möllmann. 2017. "Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea." Progress in Oceanography 156, no. : 154-173.

Original research article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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Fishing is a social and economic activity, and consequently socio-economic considerations are important for resource management. While this is acknowledged in the theory of Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and its sector-specific development Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM), currently applied fishery management objectives often ignore economic considerations. Year-to-year management, however, implicitly responds to short-term economic interests, and consequently, regularly resorts to tactical short-term rather than strategic long-term decisions. The aim of this article is to introduce a new way of estimating management advice referred to as an ‘ecologically-constrained Maximum Economic Yield’ (eMEY) strategy, which takes into account ecological criteria as well as short- to medium-term economic costs. We further illustrate what net cost reductions per year are possible applying the eMEY strategy compared with the existing way of setting total allowable catches (TACs). The eMEY approach aims at maximizing the economic benefits for the fishery as well as society (consumers), while safeguarding precautionary stock sizes. Using an age-structured optimization model parameterized for the Eastern Baltic cod case study, we find that application of eMEY advice results in more stability in catch advice. Quantification and visualization of the costs of deviating from eMEY advice offers a transparent basis for evaluating decision-making outcomes. The costs of overfishing are mainly borne by the commercial fishery, while fishing less than optimal is particularly costly for the processing industry and consumers. To foster the uptake of our eMEY approach in current advice given by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the EU fishery management system, we suggest an easy-to-implement scheme of providing integrated advice, also accounting for economic considerations.

ACS Style

Rudi Voss; Martin F. Quaas; Max T. Stoeven; Jörn O. Schmidt; Maciej T. Tomczak; Christian Möllmann. Ecological-Economic Fisheries Management Advice—Quantification of Potential Benefits for the Case of the Eastern Baltic COD Fishery. Frontiers in Marine Science 2017, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Rudi Voss, Martin F. Quaas, Max T. Stoeven, Jörn O. Schmidt, Maciej T. Tomczak, Christian Möllmann. Ecological-Economic Fisheries Management Advice—Quantification of Potential Benefits for the Case of the Eastern Baltic COD Fishery. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2017; 4 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudi Voss; Martin F. Quaas; Max T. Stoeven; Jörn O. Schmidt; Maciej T. Tomczak; Christian Möllmann. 2017. "Ecological-Economic Fisheries Management Advice—Quantification of Potential Benefits for the Case of the Eastern Baltic COD Fishery." Frontiers in Marine Science 4, no. : 1.

Policy perspective
Published: 08 April 2017 in Conservation Letters
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Resource managers and policy makers have long recognized the importance of considering fisheries in the context of ecosystems; yet, movement towards widespread Ecosystem‐based Fisheries Management (EBFM) has been slow. A conceptual reframing of fisheries management is occurring globally, which envisions fisheries as systems with interacting biophysical and human subsystems. This broader view, along with a process for decision making, can facilitate implementation of EBFM. A pathway to achieve these broadened objectives of EBFM in the United States is a Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP). The first generation of FEPs was conceived in the late 1990s as voluntary guidance documents that Regional Fishery Management Councils could adopt to develop and guide their ecosystem‐based fisheries management decisions, but few of these FEPs took concrete steps to implement EBFM. Here, we emphasize the need for a new generation of FEPs that provide practical mechanisms for putting EBFM into practice in the United States. We argue that next‐generation FEPs can balance environmental, economic, and social objectives—the triple bottom line—to improve long‐term planning for fishery systems.

ACS Style

Kristin N. Marshall; Phillip S. Levin; Timothy E. Essington; Laura E. Koehn; Lee G. Anderson; Alida Bundy; Courtney Carothers; Felicia Coleman; Leah R. Gerber; Jonathan H. Grabowski; Edward Houde; Olaf P. Jensen; Christian Möllmann; Kenneth Rose; James N. Sanchirico; Anthony D.M. Smith. Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management for Social-Ecological Systems: Renewing the Focus in the United States with Next Generation Fishery Ecosystem Plans. Conservation Letters 2017, 11, e12367 .

AMA Style

Kristin N. Marshall, Phillip S. Levin, Timothy E. Essington, Laura E. Koehn, Lee G. Anderson, Alida Bundy, Courtney Carothers, Felicia Coleman, Leah R. Gerber, Jonathan H. Grabowski, Edward Houde, Olaf P. Jensen, Christian Möllmann, Kenneth Rose, James N. Sanchirico, Anthony D.M. Smith. Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management for Social-Ecological Systems: Renewing the Focus in the United States with Next Generation Fishery Ecosystem Plans. Conservation Letters. 2017; 11 (1):e12367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristin N. Marshall; Phillip S. Levin; Timothy E. Essington; Laura E. Koehn; Lee G. Anderson; Alida Bundy; Courtney Carothers; Felicia Coleman; Leah R. Gerber; Jonathan H. Grabowski; Edward Houde; Olaf P. Jensen; Christian Möllmann; Kenneth Rose; James N. Sanchirico; Anthony D.M. Smith. 2017. "Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management for Social-Ecological Systems: Renewing the Focus in the United States with Next Generation Fishery Ecosystem Plans." Conservation Letters 11, no. 1: e12367.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2015 in Journal Of Plankton Research
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Impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems have become increasingly apparent during the past decades. In consequence, it is necessary to study how these alterations can affect the habitat and population dynamics of key organisms. Here we used a video plankton recorder (VPR) to investigate the effect of climate-induced habitat changes on the copepod Pseudocalanus acuspes, a key species in the Baltic Sea. The VPR allowed the observation of reproducing copepod females, identified by attached egg sacs, usually lost during traditional net sampling. We compared the small-scale distribution of our target species during non-inflow and inflow periods. Our study showed a large increase in the availability of suitable habitat after the inflow event due to improved oxygen and salinity conditions. Furthermore, increased copepod abundance and a deeper and wider vertical distribution was apparent. Applying a new approach to estimate in situ egg production rates from VPR-derived images revealed no changes. However, we observed increased offspring survival with improved hydrographic conditions pointing toward the importance of salinity and oxygen for the population dynamics of Baltic P. acuspes. Our observations illustrate the strong impact that climate change can have on the habitat of key marine ecosystem species, important for overall ecosystem dynamics.

ACS Style

Klas O. Möller; Jörn O. Schmidt; Michael St.John; Axel Temming; Rabea Diekmann; Janna Peters; Jens Floeter; Anne F. Sell; Jens-Peter Herrmann; Christian Möllmann. Effects of climate-induced habitat changes on a key zooplankton species. Journal Of Plankton Research 2015, 37, 530 -541.

AMA Style

Klas O. Möller, Jörn O. Schmidt, Michael St.John, Axel Temming, Rabea Diekmann, Janna Peters, Jens Floeter, Anne F. Sell, Jens-Peter Herrmann, Christian Möllmann. Effects of climate-induced habitat changes on a key zooplankton species. Journal Of Plankton Research. 2015; 37 (3):530-541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klas O. Möller; Jörn O. Schmidt; Michael St.John; Axel Temming; Rabea Diekmann; Janna Peters; Jens Floeter; Anne F. Sell; Jens-Peter Herrmann; Christian Möllmann. 2015. "Effects of climate-induced habitat changes on a key zooplankton species." Journal Of Plankton Research 37, no. 3: 530-541.

Introduction
Published: 05 January 2015 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
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Christian Möllmann; Carl Folke; Martin Edwards; Alessandra Conversi. Marine regime shifts around the globe: theory, drivers and impacts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2015, 370, 20130260 .

AMA Style

Christian Möllmann, Carl Folke, Martin Edwards, Alessandra Conversi. Marine regime shifts around the globe: theory, drivers and impacts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2015; 370 (1659):20130260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Möllmann; Carl Folke; Martin Edwards; Alessandra Conversi. 2015. "Marine regime shifts around the globe: theory, drivers and impacts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1659: 20130260.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Marine Systems
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Global and regional change clearly affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems in shelf seas. However, complex interactions within the shelf seas hinder the identification and unambiguous attribution of observed changes to drivers. These include variability in the climate system, in ocean dynamics, in biogeochemistry, and in shelf sea resource exploitation in the widest sense by societies. Observational time series are commonly too short, and resolution, integration time, and complexity of models are often insufficient to unravel natural variability from anthropogenic perturbation. The North Sea is a shelf sea of the North Atlantic and is impacted by virtually all global and regional developments. Natural variability (from interannual to multidecadal time scales) as response to forcing in the North Atlantic is overlain by global trends (sea level, temperature, acidification) and alternating phases of direct human impacts and attempts to remedy those. Human intervention started some 1000 years ago (diking and associated loss of wetlands), expanded to near-coastal parts in the industrial revolution of the mid-19th century (river management, waste disposal in rivers), and greatly accelerated in the mid-1950s (eutrophication, pollution, fisheries). The North Sea is now a heavily regulated shelf sea, yet societal goals (good environmental status versus increased uses), demands for benefits and policies diverge increasingly. Likely, the southern North Sea will be re-zoned as riparian countries dedicate increasing sea space for offshore wind energy generation with uncertain consequences for the system's environmental status. We review available observational and model data (predominantly from the southeastern North Sea region) to identify and describe effects of natural variability, of secular changes, and of human impacts on the North Sea ecosystem, and outline developments in the next decades in response to environmental legislation, and in response to increased use of shelf sea space

ACS Style

Kay-Christian Emeis; Justus van Beusekom; Ulrich Callies; Ralf Ebinghaus; Andreas Kannen; Gerd Kraus; Ingrid Kröncke; Hermann Lenhart; Ina Lorkowski; Volker Matthias; Christian Möllmann; Johannes Pätsch; Mirco Scharfe; Helmuth Thomas; Ralf Weisse; Eduardo Zorita. The North Sea — A shelf sea in the Anthropocene. Journal of Marine Systems 2015, 141, 18 -33.

AMA Style

Kay-Christian Emeis, Justus van Beusekom, Ulrich Callies, Ralf Ebinghaus, Andreas Kannen, Gerd Kraus, Ingrid Kröncke, Hermann Lenhart, Ina Lorkowski, Volker Matthias, Christian Möllmann, Johannes Pätsch, Mirco Scharfe, Helmuth Thomas, Ralf Weisse, Eduardo Zorita. The North Sea — A shelf sea in the Anthropocene. Journal of Marine Systems. 2015; 141 ():18-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kay-Christian Emeis; Justus van Beusekom; Ulrich Callies; Ralf Ebinghaus; Andreas Kannen; Gerd Kraus; Ingrid Kröncke; Hermann Lenhart; Ina Lorkowski; Volker Matthias; Christian Möllmann; Johannes Pätsch; Mirco Scharfe; Helmuth Thomas; Ralf Weisse; Eduardo Zorita. 2015. "The North Sea — A shelf sea in the Anthropocene." Journal of Marine Systems 141, no. : 18-33.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Aquatic Functional Biodiversity
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Ute Jacob; Tomas Jonsson; Sofia Berg; Thomas Brey; Anna Eklöf; Katja Mintenbeck; Christian Möllmann; Lyne Morissette; Andrea Rau; Owen Petchey. Valuing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Complex Marine Ecosystem. Aquatic Functional Biodiversity 2015, 189 -207.

AMA Style

Ute Jacob, Tomas Jonsson, Sofia Berg, Thomas Brey, Anna Eklöf, Katja Mintenbeck, Christian Möllmann, Lyne Morissette, Andrea Rau, Owen Petchey. Valuing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Complex Marine Ecosystem. Aquatic Functional Biodiversity. 2015; ():189-207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ute Jacob; Tomas Jonsson; Sofia Berg; Thomas Brey; Anna Eklöf; Katja Mintenbeck; Christian Möllmann; Lyne Morissette; Andrea Rau; Owen Petchey. 2015. "Valuing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Complex Marine Ecosystem." Aquatic Functional Biodiversity , no. : 189-207.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Aquatic Functional Biodiversity
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Matías Arim; Andrea Belgrano; Mauro Berazategui; Sofia Berg; Iliana Bista; Ana Inés Borthagaray; Thomas Brey; Joachim Claudet; Simon Creer; Anthony I. Dell; Benoît O.L. Demars; Anna Eklöf; Francesco Falciani; Jonathan A.D. Fisher; Charles W. Fowler; Kenneth T. Frank; David C. Fryxell; Clare Gray; Ute Jacob; Tomas Jonsson; Pierre Leenhardt; Natalie Low; Susanna M. Messinger; Fiorenza Micheli; Katja Mintenbeck; Christian Möllmann; Don T. Monteith; Camilo Mora; Lyne Morissette; Eric P. Palkovacs; Nicolas Pascal; Samraat Pawar; Daniel M. Perkins; Owen Petchey; Verónica Pinelli; David M. Post; David Raffaelli; Andrea Rau; Lucía Rodríguez-Tricot; Van M. Savage; Xiaoliang Sun; Nash E. Turley; David A. Vasseur; Guy Woodward. Contributors. Aquatic Functional Biodiversity 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Matías Arim, Andrea Belgrano, Mauro Berazategui, Sofia Berg, Iliana Bista, Ana Inés Borthagaray, Thomas Brey, Joachim Claudet, Simon Creer, Anthony I. Dell, Benoît O.L. Demars, Anna Eklöf, Francesco Falciani, Jonathan A.D. Fisher, Charles W. Fowler, Kenneth T. Frank, David C. Fryxell, Clare Gray, Ute Jacob, Tomas Jonsson, Pierre Leenhardt, Natalie Low, Susanna M. Messinger, Fiorenza Micheli, Katja Mintenbeck, Christian Möllmann, Don T. Monteith, Camilo Mora, Lyne Morissette, Eric P. Palkovacs, Nicolas Pascal, Samraat Pawar, Daniel M. Perkins, Owen Petchey, Verónica Pinelli, David M. Post, David Raffaelli, Andrea Rau, Lucía Rodríguez-Tricot, Van M. Savage, Xiaoliang Sun, Nash E. Turley, David A. Vasseur, Guy Woodward. Contributors. Aquatic Functional Biodiversity. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matías Arim; Andrea Belgrano; Mauro Berazategui; Sofia Berg; Iliana Bista; Ana Inés Borthagaray; Thomas Brey; Joachim Claudet; Simon Creer; Anthony I. Dell; Benoît O.L. Demars; Anna Eklöf; Francesco Falciani; Jonathan A.D. Fisher; Charles W. Fowler; Kenneth T. Frank; David C. Fryxell; Clare Gray; Ute Jacob; Tomas Jonsson; Pierre Leenhardt; Natalie Low; Susanna M. Messinger; Fiorenza Micheli; Katja Mintenbeck; Christian Möllmann; Don T. Monteith; Camilo Mora; Lyne Morissette; Eric P. Palkovacs; Nicolas Pascal; Samraat Pawar; Daniel M. Perkins; Owen Petchey; Verónica Pinelli; David M. Post; David Raffaelli; Andrea Rau; Lucía Rodríguez-Tricot; Van M. Savage; Xiaoliang Sun; Nash E. Turley; David A. Vasseur; Guy Woodward. 2015. "Contributors." Aquatic Functional Biodiversity , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2013 in ICES Journal of Marine Science
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Theory behind ecosystem-based management (EBM) and ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is now well developed. However, the implementation of EBFM exemplified by fisheries management in Europe is still largely based on single-species assessments and ignores the wider ecosystem context and impact. The reason for the lack or slow implementation of EBM and specifically EBFM is a lack of a coherent strategy. Such a strategy is offered by recently developed integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs), a formal synthesis tool to quantitatively analyse information on relevant natural and socio-economic factors, in relation to specified management objectives. Here, we focus on implementing the IEA approach for Baltic Sea fish stocks. We combine both tactical and strategic management aspects into a single strategy that supports the present Baltic Sea fish stock advice, conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). We first review the state of the art in the development of IEA within the current management framework. We then outline and discuss an approach that integrates fish stock advice and IEAs for the Baltic Sea. We intentionally focus on the central Baltic Sea and its three major fish stocks cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus), and sprat (Sprattus sprattus), but emphasize that our approach may be applied to other parts and stocks of the Baltic, as well as other ocean areas.

ACS Style

Christian Moellmann; Martin Lindegren; Thorsten Blenckner; Lena Bergström; Michele Casini; Rabea Diekmann; Juha Flinkman; Bärbel Müller-Karulis; Stefan Neuenfeldt; Jörn Schmidt; Maciej T Tomczak; Rudi Voss; Anna Gårdmark. Implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management: from single-species to integrated ecosystem assessment and advice for Baltic Sea fish stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2013, 71, 1187 -1197.

AMA Style

Christian Moellmann, Martin Lindegren, Thorsten Blenckner, Lena Bergström, Michele Casini, Rabea Diekmann, Juha Flinkman, Bärbel Müller-Karulis, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Jörn Schmidt, Maciej T Tomczak, Rudi Voss, Anna Gårdmark. Implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management: from single-species to integrated ecosystem assessment and advice for Baltic Sea fish stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 2013; 71 (5):1187-1197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Moellmann; Martin Lindegren; Thorsten Blenckner; Lena Bergström; Michele Casini; Rabea Diekmann; Juha Flinkman; Bärbel Müller-Karulis; Stefan Neuenfeldt; Jörn Schmidt; Maciej T Tomczak; Rudi Voss; Anna Gårdmark. 2013. "Implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management: from single-species to integrated ecosystem assessment and advice for Baltic Sea fish stocks." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 5: 1187-1197.

Research article
Published: 10 July 2012 in PLOS ONE
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Critical transitions between alternative stable states have been shown to occur across an array of complex systems. While our ability to identify abrupt regime shifts in natural ecosystems has improved, detection of potential early-warning signals previous to such shifts is still very limited. Using real monitoring data of a key ecosystem component, we here apply multiple early-warning indicators in order to assess their ability to forewarn a major ecosystem regime shift in the Central Baltic Sea. We show that some indicators and methods can result in clear early-warning signals, while other methods may have limited utility in ecosystem-based management as they show no or weak potential for early-warning. We therefore propose a multiple method approach for early detection of ecosystem regime shifts in monitoring data that may be useful in informing timely management actions in the face of ecosystem change.

ACS Style

Martin Lindegren; Vasilis Dakos; Joachim P. Gröger; Anna Gårdmark; Georgs Kornilovs; Saskia A. Otto; Christian Möllmann. Early Detection of Ecosystem Regime Shifts: A Multiple Method Evaluation for Management Application. PLOS ONE 2012, 7, e38410 .

AMA Style

Martin Lindegren, Vasilis Dakos, Joachim P. Gröger, Anna Gårdmark, Georgs Kornilovs, Saskia A. Otto, Christian Möllmann. Early Detection of Ecosystem Regime Shifts: A Multiple Method Evaluation for Management Application. PLOS ONE. 2012; 7 (7):e38410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Lindegren; Vasilis Dakos; Joachim P. Gröger; Anna Gårdmark; Georgs Kornilovs; Saskia A. Otto; Christian Möllmann. 2012. "Early Detection of Ecosystem Regime Shifts: A Multiple Method Evaluation for Management Application." PLOS ONE 7, no. 7: e38410.