We construct parametrized Yang-Baxter operators from algebra struc-tures, transfer the theory to coalgebras, and find the cases where such operators arising from (co) algebras are isomorphic. We give examples in dimension 2.

The Yang-Baxter equation first appeared in theoretical physics, in a paper by the Nobel laureate C. N. Yang, and in statistical mechanics, in R. J. Baxter’s work. Later, it turned out that this equation plays a crucial role in: quantum groups, knot theory, braided categories, analysis of integrable systems, quantum mechanics, non-commutative descent theory, quantum computing, non-commutative geometry, etc. Many scientists have found solutions for the Yang-Baxter equation, obtaining qualitative results (using the axioms of various algebraic structures) or quantitative results (usually using computer calculations). However, the full classification of its solutions remains an open problem. In this paper, we present the (set-theoretical) Yang-Baxter equation, we sketch the proof of a new theorem, we state some problems, and discuss about directions for future research.

Quantum mechanics has had an important influence on building computers;nowadays, quantum mechanics principles are used for the processing and transmission ofinformation. The Yang-Baxter equation is related to the universal gates from quantumcomputing and it realizes a unification of certain non-associative structures. Unifyingstructures could be seen as structures which comprise the information contained in other(algebraic) structures. Recently, we gave the axioms of a structure which unifies associativealgebras, Lie algebras and Jordan algebras. Our paper is a review and a continuation of thatapproach. It also contains several geometric considerations.

Computational methods are an important tool for solving the Yang–Baxter equations (in small dimensions), for classifying (unifying) structures and for solving related problems. This paper is an account of some of the latest developments on the Yang–Baxter equation, its set-theoretical version and its applications. We construct new set-theoretical solutions for the Yang–Baxter equation. Unification theories and other results are proposed or proven.

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing knot invariants from Yang–Baxter operators associated to algebra structures. We first compute the enhancements of these operators. Then, we conclude that Turaev's procedure to derive knot invariants from these enhanced operators, as modified by Murakami, invariably produces the Alexander polynomial of knots.