A síndrome do excesso de treinamento tem uma grande relevância no âmbito esportivo, principalmente no que se refere a atletas de elite que buscam superar seus limites e àqueles que se submetem à prática de atividade física sem orientação especializada. O uso periódico do instrumento POMS, Perfil dos Estados de Humor, tem demonstrado eficácia na detecção de sinais iniciais da síndrome, prevenindo seu desenvolvimento completo. Em 2003, uma de suas versões abreviadas, passou a se denominar BRUMS, Escala de Humor de Brunel. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a escala traduzida para a língua portuguesa juntamente com os dados obtidos em atletas brasileiros, referentes à primeira etapa do seu processo de validação no Brasil. O instrumento foi submetido ao método tradução-tradução reversa. A amostra foi composta por 34 atletas de futebol profissional, do gênero masculino, adolescentes e adultos. A aplicação do instrumento foi efetuada antes e depois de um treino com cargas moderadas e antes e depois de um jogo com cargas de alta intensidade. Para verificar a sensibilidade do BRUMS nas duas situações, foi realizado um teste t de student, entre pré e pós de cada variável, e aplicado uma correlação linear de Pearson, para verificar a relação entre os estados de humor. Os resultados indicaram que a raiva e a confusão mental reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) no treino moderado (adolescentes) e que a depressão, vigor, fadiga e confusão mental aumentaram significativamente no jogo de alta intensidade (adultos). Para verificar a consistência do resultado obtido pelo BRUMS foi realizada uma entrevista semi estruturada junto aos atletas. Os relatos dos atletas em relação às situações de treino e jogo ajudaram a explicar os resultados do BRUMS. Nessa primeira etapa da validação, o instrumento BRUMS mostrou-se sensível e fidedigno na avaliação de estados de humor.

Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, and Andrade, A. Perceived sleep quality, mood states, and their relationship with performance among Brazilian elite athletes during a competitive period. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1033–1039, 2017—We described the perceived sleep quality and mood states of elite athletes during a competitive period, and clarified their relationship to athletes' sport performance. Participants were 576 Brazilian elite athletes (404 men and 172 women) of individual and team sports. Mood states were evaluated using the Brunel Mood Scale, whereas perceived sleep quality was evaluated using a single question (“How would you evaluate the quality of your sleep in the last few days?”). Evaluations of mood state and sleep quality were performed up to 60 minutes before national and international sports competitions began. Descriptive and inferential statistics (including logistic regression) were used to evaluate the relationship of sleep quality and mood states with performance (i.e., winning or losing). Athletes typically had good sleep quality and mood states similar to the Iceberg profile (i.e., high vigor and low tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and mental confusion). The Wald test revealed that sleep, anger, tension, and vigor predicted athletes' performance. Specifically, poor sleep quality and low vigor and anger decreased the odds of winning, whereas higher tension increased these odds. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated that the results were sufficiently generalizable. Overall, we observed a significant relationship between sleep and mood states, which in turn both significantly influenced athletes' sports performance. Thus, coaching staff and athletes should monitor athletes' sleep quality before competitions to ensure athletes are in the optimal condition for performance.

Problematic smartphone use in adolescent students can impair their mental health and behavior, thereby affecting academic performance and interpersonal relationships as well as reducing time spent on physical activity. This study investigated the association between problematic smartphone use and mood, symptoms of depression, and level of physical activity in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 308 boys (46.1 percent, 16.04 ± 1.30 years) and 359 girls (53.9 percent, 15.54 ± 1.44 years), aged 13–18 years (15.77 ± 1.40 years). Four instruments were used: the Sociodemographic, School, and General Health Characteristics Questionnaire; Smartphone Addiction Scale (to measure problematic smartphone use); Brunel Mood Scale; and Beck Depression Inventory. The study found that physically inactive adolescent students were more likely to present with problematic smartphone use than those who were physically active, and girls were more likely to exhibit problematic smartphone use than boys. Adolescent students with problematic smartphone use presented with more mood disturbances and symptoms of depression than did adolescent students without problematic smartphone use. Overall, physical inactivity and problematic smartphone use can reduce vigor and increase symptoms of depression in adolescent students.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a grappling combat sport that has intermittency as its core element; in other words, actions of high, moderate and low intensity are interspersed during matches, requiring a high level of conditioning to support optimal levels of performance for the total match time. The athletes perform from four to six matches during a day of competition, and this number may increase if the open-class competition, which is held parallel to the competition by weight class, is considered. This systematic review examined the physical and physiological profiles of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes. Only scientific researches dealing with the major fitness components of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (i.e. body composition and somatotype, aerobic and anaerobic profiles, muscular strength and power) and using accepted methods that provided relevant practical applications for a Brazilian jiu-jitsu athlete’s fitness training and/or performance were included in the current review. A computer literature search was carried out of the PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, SportDiscus and Scopus databases (up to January 2016). The database research generated 205 articles. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 studies were included for the present systematic review. A total of 1496 subjects were involved in all the selected investigations. Body fat is generally low for these athletes and the mesomorphic component is predominant. The different studies showed VO2max values between 42 and 52 mL/kg/min, and it seems that aerobic fitness does not discriminate among Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes of different competitive levels. There is a lack of scientific studies that have investigated anaerobic responses both in lower and upper limbs. Maximal dynamic, isometric and endurance strength can be associated with sporting success in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes. Although decisive actions during Brazilian jiu-jitsu matches are mainly dependent on muscular power, more specific studies are necessary to describe it. Studies involving the female sex should be conducted. In addition, further research is needed to analyse whether there are differences between sex, belt ranks and competitive level, and among the different weight categories for different variables.