Sea level oscillations in time scales between hours and days have a great vertical amplitude regarding the low lying coastal gradient of the beaches in the Rio Grande do Sul coast. However, the mechanism of oscillations is poorly understood since the scarcity of observational data makes it impossible to determine the forces that control sea level oscillations. Therefore, hourly sea level and wind time series with a time period of 650 days were examined. It has been found that the mean tidal and subtidal amplitudes were very similar to each other and that a considerable portion of the energy from sea level oscillations was due to astronomical forces. A new perspective was introduced when high and low frequencies were compared, leading to the comprehension that astronomical tides should be considered in coastal studies in southern Brazil. The sea level time series analyzed in this study showed that the maximum amplitude of the high spring tide was 0.53m, and that the subtidal rise caused by the wind reached up to 0.66m. In general, when large tidal and subtidal amplitudes are added, it can generate extreme events of sea level rise on the coast, which constitute a direct threat to coastal communities and habitats.

The assessment of suspended-solids dynamics is crucial for the effective monitoring of estuarine environments. As the recurring in-situ sampling is usually problematic, the calibration of the backscattering from acoustic Doppler profilers has shown to be a reliable technique to estimate the suspended-solids concentration (SSC) in estuaries and rivers. In this study, we obtained a linear model that provides SSC estimates for the estuarine channel of Patos Lagoon by calibrating turbidity and acoustic data with in-situ concentration samples. The model output was analyzed in terms of its relationship with estuarine hydrodynamics and temporal variability. In this estuary, the supply of suspended solids is known to be due the runoff from its main tributaries, but also through the exchanges between the estuary and the coastal ocean. Both sources provide sediments and organic solids which affect water quality, geomorphology, and harbor operations. Results show that SSC is strongly linked to estuarine hydrodynamics, where concentrations increase with streamflow. During outflow periods, higher concentrations are associated with river runoff, whereas with inflow conditions they are induced by southern and southwesterly winds. However, relationship between SSC and streamflow is asymmetrical, meaning that the largest concentrations are majorly linked to outflow currents and downstream transport.

This Technical Note aims to present data from in-situ measurements conducted with Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) under the highest level recorded in the Guaíba River. Flow measurements carried out on May 5th and 6th, with water levels of 5.27 and 5.25 m, resulted in average values of 30,180 and 29,852 m³/s, respectively. The profiles with the river flow are presented, as well as the water level readings at the Usina do Gasômetro gauges. These data can be accessed on a open platform, can contributes to the understanding of the Guaíba's hydrodynamics and the flooding at Patos Lagoon and can provide valuable information for modeling maximum flow scenarios in these systems.

Os fenômenos da ressurgência e subsidência costeira em regiões com pequenas profundidades ainda são pouco compreendidos no litoral brasileiro. O presente trabalho visa obter um melhor entendimento das condições oceanográficas em águas rasas, tais como as forçantes das correntes costeiras e das oscilações do nível do mar. Um perfilador acústico de ondas e correntes, AWAC, da marca Nortek, foi fundeado a 11 m de profundidade ao largo da praia de Tramandaí, programado para registrar uma série contínua de dados de ondas e correntes, com início em 17 de dezembro de 2013 e término em 13 de março de 2014 (período do verão). Os resultados indicaram que a circulação tem inversões de curto período no sentido das correntes, ora para S, ora para N. Também foi possível verificar velocidades máximas de 0,6 e 0,9 m.s-1 no fundo e em superfície, respectivamente. Ademais, um fluxo resultante para S, de aproximadamente 0,018 m.s-1 foi calculado com base no perfil médio da coluna de água. Além disso, foram encontrados indicativos de ressurgência e subsidência costeira, através das análises da direção do vento e das correntes, das variações na temperatura da água e também do nível médio do mar.