The interaction of the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GM) with viral infectious disease (VID) has drawn our attention, and a better understanding of the effects of GM on VID might provide potential therapeutic approaches. However, the causal effects between GM and different types of VID remain unclear. We aimed to reveal the causal relationships between GM and VID, including adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza virus subtype H1N1 (H1N1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. The GM and 5 VID types, namely, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, EBV, H1N1 and HSV-1, were identified from large-scale genome-wide association study summary data. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationships between GM and the 5 types of VID. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, simple mode and weighted mode were used to examine the causal associations between GM and VID. Inverse variance weighting was used as the main statistical method. Sensitivity analysis was performed via the MR-Egger regression intercept method and Cochran’s Q test. There were 9 positive and 14 negative causal effects between genetic liability in the GM and 5 types of VID. Specifically, the results revealed 6 associated genera in the adenovirus group, 5 associated genera in the cytomegalovirus group, 4 associated genera in the EBV group, 3 associated genera in the H1N1 group and 5 associated genera in the HSV-1 group. The causal relationship between the GM and VIDs provides new ideas and a pretheoretical basis for exploring microbiota transplantation as a strategy for treating VID.

The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic diseases (CDs) are complex and may result in a variety of symptoms that negatively affect patients’ daily lives. There is growing evidence that changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota (GM) are linked to the onset and progression of CDs, but a causal relationship between them has not yet been demonstrated in the East Asian ethnicity. We sourced data from publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics that focused on the composition of the GM and its association with 6 specific CDs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Graves disease (GD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), periodontal disease (PD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and coronary artery disease (CAD). We then investigated the causal relationship between the GM and the 6 CDs using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. To assess these causal links, we applied multiple statistical methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, inverse-variance weighted analysis, as well as simple and weighted mode-based approaches. Among these, the inverse-variance weighted method was selected as the primary analytical strategy. To ensure the credibility and stability of our findings, we further conducted a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses. We found that the genus Allisonella significantly increased the risk of COPD, whereas LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group decreased the risk of COPD; Anaerotruncus increased the risk of GD, whereas Lachnospiraceae UCG004 decreased the risk of GD; Catenibacterium and Bifidobacterium increased the risk of ILD, while Butyricicoccus decreased the risk of ILD; Catenibacterium and Olsenella increased the risk of PD, whereas Anaerostipes , LachnospiraceaeGroupNK4A136, Hungatella , and Lactococcus reduced the risk of PD; Parasutterella , CandidatusSoleaferrea , and Desulfovibrio increased the risk of PAD and Paraprevotella reduced the risk of PAD; Allisonella increased the risk of CAD and Senegalimassilia decreased the risk of CAD. No significant heterogeneity or polynomial estimates were found. Our research indicates a direct causal link between 19 specific types of GM and 6 chronic illnesses within East Asian populations. This contributes fresh understanding of how the composition of GM influences the development and progression of CDs.

Numerous new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed among women each year, rendering breast cancer the most common and rapidly expanding form of cancer in females globally. NDUFAF6 encodes a protein that localizes to mitochondria and contains a predicted phytoene synthase domain. Mutations in NDUFAF6 are associated with complex I enzymatic deficiency. This study explored the role of NDUFAF6 in breast cancer development and prognosis using informatic analysis. Through the online website TIMER, we evaluated the transcription profile of NDUFAF6 across pan-cancer and breast cancer respectively. We investigated that NDUFAF6 mRNA was overexpressed in breast cancer and other 18 cancers. NDUFAF6 expression also related to the subtype, pathological stage and prognosis of breast cancer. The GSEA showed NDUFAF6 correlated with cell cycle and tumor cell adhesion molecules. NDUFAF6 expression may associate with the proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells. Subsequently, the association between the NDUFAF6 expression level and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the XIANTAO and TIMER tools. The results revealed a negative correlation between NDUFAF6 and most immune infiltrating cells. This study indicated that NDUFAF6 may role in the progression of breast cancer and potentially been one of the markers for diagnosis.