Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, which differ in the pathogenic mechanism. A common clinical presentation of both conditions is optic neuritis (ON). The study aimed to compare the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density in MS and NMOSD patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 40 MS patients, 13 NMOSD patients, and 20 controls were included. The average RPC vessel density was significantly lower in ON eyes (MS+ON, NMOSD+ON) than in non-ON eyes (MS−ON, NMOSD−ON) and in MS+ON, MS−ON, NMOSD+ON, and NMOSD−ON compared with the control group. In NMOSD+ON eyes, the vessel density in superior nasal, nasal superior, and inferior sectors was significantly more decreased than in MS+ON eyes. RPC reduction was also observed in inferior nasal and temporal superior sectors in MS−ON eyes compared with NMOSD−ON eyes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that optic neuritis is associated with a more significant RPC vessel density drop in NMOSD than in MS patients, and the predilection to superior and inferior sectors may be useful as a differential diagnostic marker.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that affects small to medium size vessels. While the classical form with renal and respiratory tract involvement is mainly seen, a limited form (i.e., with no renal disease) may also occur. We present an unusual case of GPA manifesting merely as a bilateral ocular involvement and complete heart block. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with a limited form of GPA who initially presented with bilateral chronic conjunctivitis and complete atrioventricular block. His visual acuity subsequently declined due to progression to bilateral panuveitis with exudative retinal detachment. The laboratory investigation revealed the elevation of acute phase reactants and strongly positive cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA). Despite negative conjunctival and musculocutaneous biopsy results, the positive c-ANCA, and the clinical manifestation, i.e., heart and ocular involvement, led to the diagnosis of GPA. The remission was achieved with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone systemic therapy. A limited form of GPA may be a diagnostic chameleon. Though rare, it is essential to consider even extremely uncommon findings. Our patient is the first case of such a unique demonstration of the limited GPA manifesting as a bilateral ocular involvement and complete heart block.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of loading the vitreous cavity with a cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device in aiding the removal of the posterior segment intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Methods: Seven consecutive patients underwent a small-gauge vitrectomy due to eye trauma with the IOFB between January 2019 and December 2019. The IOFB removal was initiated after total filling the vitreous cavity with the ophthalmic viscosurgical device (Eyefill C or Bio-Hyalur Plus) to facilitate maneuvering and slow the descent in cases of the unintendedly released IOFBs. The eye examination was performed at presentation and at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were evaluated. Results: In all eyes, IOFBs were elevated into the center of the vitreous cavity and could be securely gripped while suspended in the ophthalmic viscosurgical device to allow the surgeon for successful and harmless removal. In the 3-month follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 5 patients and 20/25 in 2 patients. In the early postoperative period, the elevation of intraocular pressure did not occur. No patient developed endophthalmitis. Conclusion: The authors demonstrated that this uncomplicated technique is an effective surgical option for more reliable removal of posterior segment IOFBs.

Myopia is a global problem affecting all aspects of patients’ lives. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of low dose atropine (LDA) myopia control on the quality of life in patients with myopia. Material and Methods: A self-constructed questionnaire, including eight questions, was distributed among 40 patients. The questionnaire was divided into two subsections: (1) influence of LDA on visual functions and (2) influence of LDA on self-esteem. Answers were collected separately for boys (18 patients) and girls (22 patients) and compared considering spherical equivalent (SE) and myopia progression rate. Results: Girls reported more issues with near activities and pupil size. Boys and girls complained similarly, regarding the sun glare. We found a high level of certainty about the efficacy of LDA therapy among both examined groups and a little improvement in self-esteem. Girls recommended LDA therapy more often than boys, especially when the progression rate was low. There was no statistically significant difference in answer scores between groups with different myopia progression rates for boys. Girls with lower progression rates reported more issues with near work and sun glare and less trust in LDA therapy’s effectiveness than girls with a higher progression rate. There was no statistically significant correlation between SE and the total answer score for both genders. Conclusions: Findings concerning childrens’ and adolescents’ psyche are a new aspect of myopia control. We prove that patients during pharmacological myopia control did not report significant problems caused by LDA therapy and they were convinced about its efficacy, had greater self-esteem, and recommended it to peers.

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is often diagnosed when an inflammatory process appears to be advanced. Herein, the authors present the prospective optical coherence tomography (OCT) study of the onset of SO in the sympathizing eye. Prior to any signs of uveitis, we noted the mild disintegration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer, the interdigitation zone (IZ), and the ellipsoid zone (EZ). The complete disruption of IZ and EZ was seen 12 weeks later. After 14 weeks, the uveal inflammation was present, and OCT imaging disclosed the formation of nodule-like lesions between the Bruch's membrane and the RPE layer. The histopathological evaluation of the enucleated exciting eye confirmed the diagnosis of SO.