Semiconductor materials based on metal high crosslinked-vinyl polymer composites were prepared through loading of Pd(OAc)₂ on both Poly(ethylene-1,2-diyl dimethacrylate) (poly(EDMA)) and poly(ethylene-1,2-diyl dimethacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (Poly(EDMA-co-MMA)). The thermochemical properties for both poly(EDMA) and poly(EDMA-co-MMA) were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis TGA technique. The dielectric permittivity, AC electrical conductivity and conduction mechanism for all the prepared polymers and their Pd(OAc)₂ composites were studied. The results showed that the loading of polymers with Pd(OAc)₂ led to an increase in the magnitudes of both the dielectric permittivity and AC electrical conductivity (σ_ac). The value of σ_ac increased from 1.38 × 10⁻⁵ to 5.84 × 10⁻⁵ S m⁻¹ and from 6.40 × 10⁻⁶ to 2.48 × 10⁻⁵ S m⁻¹ for poly(EDMA) and poly(EDMA-co-MMA), respectively, at 1 MHz and 340 K after loading with Pd(OAc)₂. Additionally, all the prepared polymers and composites were considered as semiconductors at all the test frequencies and in the temperature range of 300–340 K. Furthermore, it seems that a conduction mechanism for all the samples could be Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT).

Poly(DVB) was synthesized and used for brilliant green dye removal. High efficiency (97.4%) was achieved via π–π interactions. DFT and isotherm analysis confirm chemisorption on a porous, reusable polymer surface.

Plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses a significant environmental threat due to its persistence and non-biodegradability. This study presents a sustainable approach to repurposing recycled PET bottles into activated carbon for the efficient removal of Brilliant Green (BG) dye from aqueous solutions. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, BET, XRD, XPS, and FESEM analyses, confirming a high surface area (403 m² g⁻¹) and abundant functional groups that are favorable for adsorption. Under optimized conditions of 5 mg L⁻¹ initial dye concentration, pH 7, 0.1 g adsorbent dose, 298 K, and 120 min contact time, the material achieved a removal efficiency of 99.3%. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, indicating combined physical and chemical interactions. Thermodynamic parameters revealed a spontaneous and endothermic process, while regeneration tests demonstrated excellent stability over five cycles. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis indicated that preferential adsorption occur through π–π stacking and donor–acceptor interactions. Box–Behnken design (BBD) optimization further validated the model's predictive accuracy. Overall, this work provides both dual environmental benefits by transforming PET waste into a cost-effective, and eco-friendly adsorbent for sustainable dye removal and water purification.

The treatment of toxic nitrophenols in industrial wastewater is urgently needed from environmental, health, and economic points of view. The current study addresses the synthesis of the crosslinked vinyl polymer poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (poly(AN-co-AMPS)) through free radical copolymerization techniques using acrylonitrile (AN) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers with different ratios and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator in an aqueous medium. The prepared copolymer was utilized as a supporting matrix for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the chemical reduction of silver nitrate within the copolymer framework. Different techniques were employed to characterize the prepared poly(AN-co-AMPS) and Ag/poly(AN-co-AMPS) composites, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The results exhibit that silver metal was excellently dispersed across the surface of poly(AN-co-AMPS) without any agglomeration, presenting as nanocrystals with an average particle size equal to 6.21 nm. Also, BET analysis confirmed that the Ag/poly(AN-co-AMPS) composite exhibits mesoporous characteristics with a surface area of 59.615 m² g⁻¹. Moreover, the Ag/poly(AN-co-AMPS) composite was effectively applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the catalytic reduction of hazardous 4-nitrophenols (4-NP) with a rate constant equal to 0.28 min⁻¹ and half-life time equal to 2.47 min to a less toxic compound in the presence of NaBH₄ as a reductant. Furthermore, the reusability experiment confirmed the excellent stability of Ag/poly(AN-co-AMPS). The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture using a simple centrifuge and directly reused for up to four successive cycles without a remarkable decrease in its catalytic activity. The conversion percentage of 4-NP after the four cycles was found to be 93%.

Poly(AN-co-AMPS) was synthesized via free radical polymerization for brilliant green dye removal. It showed high adsorption efficiency, stability, and reusability, making it a promising eco-friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment.