The current study examines the usage of biodiesel as a diesel substitute that is produced through the transesterification of pumpkin and maize with the addition of a diethyl ether (DEE) additive. Pumpkin-maize (PM) biodiesel and addition of diethyl ether (DEE), as well as their blends of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 with diesel, were used in performance, combustion, and emission examinations under various load conditions. According to the experimental findings, adding 5ml of the DEE boosts BTE by 31.91 percent (B20 blend) compared to diesel. While the diesel equivalent of BSFC decreases by 9.519. NO emission dropped by 34.91 percent at peak loads, HC emissions were augmented by 32.43, and smoke opacity improved by 27.24. To enhance the engine performance, combustion, and emission features of the substitute biodiesel diesel, the study emphasises the precise mix proportions of PM biodiesel with DEE addition. Using ANN, BTE, and NO were predicted with R² values of 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. As can be observed, the R² value for the ANN model was almost one, suggesting that the ANN models had better predictive power than other machine learning (ML) models.

Biodiesel is produced from the refined/edible type oils using methanol and an alkaline catalyst which is one of the environmentally friendly alternative liquid biofuels that has proven itself commercially, with international standards all around the world. In present investigation, mixture of two biodiesels in equal weight ratio namely Cucurbita pepo.L (pumpkin) and Tectona grandis (teak) seed oil was used for the synthesis of biodiesel with 5-ml Diethyl ether as additive. Performance test was made with the biodiesel blend using water-cooled, constant speed, CI engine, and emission characteristics were analyzed using a five-gas analyzer. It was observed that there was 35.5% increment in Brake Thermal efficiency and 25.8% reduction in Brake Specific Fuel consumption at maximum load for 200-ml pumpkin and teak biodiesel blend mixed to the diesel with additive. For this blend, it was observed at maximum load, the emission of Carbon monoxide reduced by 26.67% of diesel; Carbon di-oxide reduced by 12.96% and Nitrous oxide reduced by 26.57%. The emission gets increased in over load condition. Unburned Hydro Carbon emission and smoke opacity increased by 67.16 and 9.84%. The combustion characteristics of blended biodiesel with additive closely followed the diesel fuel operation. Hence, this blend was used as fuel in CI engine without engine modification.