Through a review of relevant literature, we provide insight into the public health issue of traffic trauma both globally and locally. According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.35 million people die annually in traffic accidents, while nearly 50 million suffer minor or severe injuries. Globally, traffic injuries account for about 2.37% of all deaths, ranking eighth among all causes of death. The Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 indicates that the number of traffic deaths did not decrease in any low-income country between 2013 and 2016, although a reduction was observed in 48 middleand high-income countries during that period. Despite the increase in absolute numbers, the global road traffic mortality rate has remained fairly constant at around 18 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants over the past 15 years, with the highest rate in the African region and the lowest in the European region. Currently, traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among children and young adults aged 5 to 29 years, with a higher incidence among males. Further research is needed to better understand the specific characteristics of traffic injuries in the local population and to identify the most effective intervention programs.

Nursery has existed throughout history and it dates back to the very beginning of humankind. It was mentioned in church books and other written texts but not as a skill or science, but as an occupation reserved for the members of monastic orders, and also for women, that is, mothers, and nuns. First, nursing was an occupation, then a skill, but at the end of the 20th century, it became a scientific discipline. Florence Nightingale is certainly one of the most significant women in the history of nursing, medicine, and society in general because she is the pioneer of the nursing profession that has continuity up to nowadays. She was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy and died on August 13, 1910, in London. Florence Nightingale worked as a nurse, organizer, researcher, statistician, reformer, writer and a teacher. She reformed nursery and public health. In 1860, she established the school for nurses within St. Thomas' Hospital and she took care of every protégé. In spite of all obstacles, which she was faced with, and the unenviable position of women in the 19th century, she made a huge move that changed the context of this profession forever. She had a huge influence on the Swiss philanthropist Henry Dunant (1828-1910), who was the founder of the Red Cross. In 1867, the International Council of Nurses proclaimed that her birthday would be the International Nurses Day. She was the first woman who was awarded the Medal of virtues. In 1908, she was conferred the Order of Merit by King Edward. She wrote more than 200 books and the Pledge.

In the pursuit of a competent and competitive healthcare system, nurses and healthcare technicians, as key figures in the healthcare process and scientific discipline of nursing, should possess not only professional knowledge but also managerial abilities and skills. This includes the effective management of human and material resources within the healthcare system. Leadership in nursing practice can be understood as the influence of head nurses on the quality and effectiveness of all activities within their domain. By reviewing the literature on research concerning leadership in nursing and the factors influencing its development in nursing practice, which have not yet been definitively defined, we aim to provide an overview for the professional community in the fields of biomedicine and health, especially in healthcare where nurses operate at all levels. To achieve the goals necessary for developing leadership in nursing practice, the implementation of appropriate strategies, methods, and tools within the healthcare system is crucial for human resources, a key factor in improving healthcare delivery. The role of the head nurse, or nursing leader, is of paramount importance in enhancing the organization and quality of healthcare at all levels.

This paper will present information from relevant data sources regarding the prevention of atherosclerosis, focusing on obesity and inadequate nutrition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs each year, equaling a third of the world's death toll. CVDs are not only the leading cause of death but also of illness and disability, which indicates their great public health importance. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early stage of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis also occurs in children under the age of 10, while the risk of atherosclerosis increases with age. There are over 300 factors associated with atherosclerosis and key complications, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The most important of these are obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, smoking, inadequate diet, abnormal lipid values, heredity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and psychosocial factors. Reducing or eliminating all of these risk factors can help reduce the risk of CVDs. Further research in this area is needed to better define the independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and consequent CVD.

This paper will present information from relevant data sources on road traffic injuries, risk factors, and the importance of emergency care of the injured. According to the estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.19 million people die in road traffic accidents each year, while the number of deaths due to road traffic accidents is 15 per 100,000 inhabitants. It is the leading cause of death for children aged 5 to 29 years and the 12th leading cause of death when all ages are observed. Efficient trauma care is a priority in all health care systems. Given the high mortality and incidence of trauma, it is necessary to consider all potential risk factors that affect the outcome of treating the injured. Factors such as the availability of adequate healthcare, emergency medical service response time, trauma team experience and organization, distance to hospital facilities, and their equipment and expertise for adequate care of severely injured patients directly influence the quality and outcome of patient care and increase the chances of survival. This paper provides a thorough examination of the issues surrounding road traffic accidents and highlights key aspects that affect the quality of healthcare of the injured, while also emphasizing the importance of an appropriate response and organization of healthcare systems to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the mortality rate in traffic accidents.