The continuous development of quantum computing necessitates the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms. In response to this demand, the National Institute of Standards and Technology selected standardized algorithms including Crystals-Dilithium, Falcon, and Sphincs+ for digital signatures. This paper provides a comparative evaluation of these algorithms across key metrics. The results indicate varying strengths and weaknesses for each algorithm, underscoring the importance of context-specific deployments. Our findings indicate that Dilithium offers advantages in low-power scenarios, Falcon excels in signature verification speed, and Sphincs+ provides robust security at the cost of computational efficiency. These results underscore the importance of context-specific deployments in specific and resource-constrained technological applications, like IoT, smart cards, blockchain, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

Residual magnetic flux can cause significant problems in electric power system operation if not taken into consideration. The laboratory setup and experimental procedure for determining the residual magnetic flux value of a single-phase transformer using a minor hysteresis loop are presented in this paper. Using the proposed method, residual magnetic flux could be determined without prior knowledge about the last de-energization of the transformer. Only voltage and current measurements are needed, and any physical intervention in the core or in some other parts of the transformer is unnecessary. Also, a significantly lower voltage than the transformer's nominal is used to determine the residual magnetic flux value in the proposed method. The pros and cons of the proposed method, as well as plans for future research are given.

With advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in convergence with blockchain technology, cities have been given the opportunity to improve their services, efficiently use resources, and, thus, become Smart Cities. The main properties of blockchain technology like decentralization, immutability, transparency, consensus, and robustness are qualities needed for Smart City. In this paper, we propose a digitalization strategy for the City of Osijek. Smart City digitalization strategy aims to solve problems of emerging urbanization, improve administration by reducing energy and water consumption, carbon emissions, pollution, and city waste management. To develop an information system based on blockchain technology, the administration structure and the current state of information systems are analyzed, and new solutions are presented.

In the modern power system, transmission losses play an increasingly important role in determining the costs of transmission system operators, in particular in cross-border energy exchange. A variety of transmission losses calculation methods are present in scientific literature in recent years, but regularly neglecting the measurement uncertainty which is an important contribution in calculating the final cost of exchanged energy. Due to the significant cost of transmission losses in total costs, all transmission system operators are interested in discovering the probabilistic nature of transmission losses as a fundamental requirement for finding the fair method for transmission losses allocation. In this paper, transmission losses are simulated on 110 kV cross-border transmission line using an Adaptive Monte Carlo method. The probability density estimation procedure is performed by the non-linear least-squares method, using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The Gaussian, log-normal, Rayleigh, four-parameter beta, generalized trapezoidal and the sum of uniform and normal distribution are fitted and the quality of the distribution estimates is compared according to the corresponding values of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. Furthermore, an additional example presents a distribution fitting procedure on the zero-impedance data of the same transmission line.

Trends for the digital transformation of metrology and regulation of metrology through IT have some keywords in common with the main properties of the blockchain, such as traceability, immutability, and machine-readable documents. The possible applicability of the blockchain as an innovative IT solution for metrology regulation is known in the scientific community. Still, blockchain implementation must consider the entire metrology pyramid—the technical aspects and the legal framework intrinsic to metrology. This is also valid for possible IoT blockchain applications. In resolving the issues, this paper applies a bottom-up approach, starting from IoT devices analyzed as oracles and building up to the sole definition of measurement units, thereby discussing technical aspects concerning relevant standardization documents. The resulting trust model concept encompasses the vertical and horizontal traceability of the measurement results (oracle data), where normative standards and legal requirements are crucial for building trust. Conclusively, for practical implementations, it will be necessary to analyze blockchain properties and applicability with a view to the standard requirements, as shown for WELMEC.