Background: We aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of women with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and the results of FGM/C due to pelvic floor dysfunction.Results: The prevalence of FGM/C was 87.2% in Sudan and Type 3 (50.4%) was the most prevalent, followed by Type 2 (35%) and Type 1 (8.5%). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis performed to show the effect of FGM/C on pelvic organ prolapse (POP), it was observed that FGM/C frequency in POP group 2 was statistically similar when POP group 1 was taken as reference category. In the evaluation for symptomatic POP (POP group 3), risk of developing POP in patients without FGM/C was significantly lower than patients with type 3 FGM/C with a rate of 82.9% (OR(odds ratio): 0.171 (p: 0.002), (Confidence Interval (CI) %95; 0.058–0.511). Risk of developing POP rate in patients with type 1 FGM/C was 75% (OR:0.250 (p: 0.005), CI %95; 0.094–0.666) and in patients with type 2 FGM/C was 78.4% (OR:0.216 (p: 0.0001), CI%95; 0.115–0.406). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis including other variables affecting POP, when group 1 was taken as the reference category, it was found that the possibility of developing mild POP (group 2) decreased in FGM/C type 1 and 2 compared to FGM/C type 3 but it was not statistically significant. However, the evaluation for the symptomatic POP group showed up a significantly lower risk of developing POP in patients with type 2 FGM/C compared to patients with type 3 FGM/C, with a rate of 58.4%. (OR:0.419 (p: 0.016), CI%95; 0.206–0.851) (Table 3). In addition, older age was found to be significant risk factor for increasing symptomatic POP (p: 0.003).Conclusions: Type 2 and 3 FGM/C continues to be an important health problem in terms of complications that may develop in advanced ages as well as many short-term complications as a result of mechanical or physiological deterioration of the female genital anatomy.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes in patients with early stage ovarian cancer undergoing fertility-sparing surgery. Methods: The present study performed a retrospective analysis of recurrence, pregnancy and survival of a total of 66 patients who were diagnosed with early stage ovarian cancer (stage I) in XXX Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2004 and 2019. Of these patients, 16 had undergone fertility-sparing surgery, and the remaining 50 patients had undergone radical surgery. Results: Of 66 eligible patients, 16 had undergone fertility-sparing surgery, and the remaining 50 patients had undergone radical complete surgery. When demographic and descriptive data are taken into consideration, the mean age was 32.6 ± 6.76 years in patients undergoing fertility-sparing surgery and 54.05 ± 10.8 years in patients undergoing complete surgery, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Of patients undergoing fertility-sparing surgery, 11 (16.7%) had stage Ia disease (most common), 5 (7.5%) had stage Ic disease, whereas no patient with stage Ib disease was detected. Of patients undergoing complete radical surgery, 32 (48.5%) had stage Ia disease (most common), 1 (1.5%) had stage Ib disease with bilateral ovarian involvement, and stage Ic was the second most common disease stage. Also, stage Ic3 was the most common disease stage (8 patients, 12.1%) among those with stage Ic disease. The rate of recurrence was 4.5% (3 patients) in patients undergoing fertility-sparing surgery, and recurrences occurred at 37 months, 69 months, and 76 months, respectively. A patient with stage Ic3 disease and endometrioid type tumor who developed recurrence at 37 months died at 130 months. Of patients undergoing complete surgery, ten patients (15.2%) developed recurrence, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of recurrence (p = 1.00). At the end of 15-year follow-up period, there was no significant difference between patients undergoing fertility-preserving surgery and those undergoing complete surgery in terms of mortality (p = 0.668). Conclusion: The observation of significant findings in terms of the rate of recurrence and disease-free survival following fertility-sparing surgery in patients with low-risk early stage ovarian cancer suggests that survival is positively affected in early stage ovarian cancer.

The Relationship Between Parametrial Involvement and Parametrial Tissue Removed in Radical Surgery in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer

Background: Uterine cervical cancer rates also increase with aging. Especially, the primary treatments of patients with cervical cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.Aim: Our aim is to discuss the effect of clinical and histopathological risk factors on survival in patients over 65 years old with invasive cervical cancer in the light of the literature.Methods and Results: The files of 60 patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed, examined, and treated for invasive cervical uteri cancer between 2004 and 2021 by the gynecological oncology clinic of Akdeniz University were analyzed retrospectively after obtaining approval from the Akdeniz University ethics committee with the number KAEK‐110. Detailed written consent was obtained from all patients and their relatives for data analysis. Patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed with invasive cervical uteri cancer at all stages who accepted treatment were included in the study. The patients who were not included in the study were those who did not accept treatment, did not continue their follow‐up regularly, were under 65 years of age, had preinvasive cervical lesion, had a second primary cancer, had an unknown stage, and died due to accidents or similar reasons.When the demographic data of 60 cases were examined, the mean age was 70.5, the youngest age was 65, and the oldest age was 84. When we divided them into two groups by age groups, 76.7% were between 65 and 75 years old and 23.3% were over 75 years old. When the data of 60 patients who were referred to our hospital, which was a tertiary center in the 15 years duration, were examined, the mean disease‐progression free survival (PFS) of patients with locally advanced stage was 45 months, however, it was 4 months for metastatic patients, this difference was significant and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p: .001). When the total survival was examined, the mean was 108.7 months in the locally advanced stage group, while it was 2.9 months in metastatic cases, and this difference was also statistically significant between the two groups (p: .001). When we divide the cases into two groups as between 65 and 75 and over 75 years of age, the mean age of disease‐free survival is 76.9 months in the 65–75 years old group, while 16 months in the 76–85 years old group, however, the p value of this difference in PFS between the two groups was not significant (p: 0.154). However, when the total survival was examined, it was seen that the mean was 140.4 in the 65–75 years old group, while it was 56 months in the 76–85 years old group and this difference was significant between the two groups (p: .046).Conclusion: In parallel with the increased population worldwide, advanced age cancer rates are increasing. In parallel with the population growth, it should be remembered that the patients over 65 years of age who were diagnosed with invasive uterine cervical cancer had difficulty in accessing screening tests, late diagnosis and inadequate treatment regimens due to concomitant diseases, resulting in recurrence in a short time and poor clinical symptoms due to short total survival.

Aim. To evaluate the clinicopathological features affecting the recurrence and survival of 9 cases of neuroendocrine cancer of the cervix. Method. We retrospectively analyzed 9 cervical neuroendocrine cancer cases identified among 453 cervical cancer patients between 2004 and 2021 at Akdeniz University Gynecological Oncology Outpatient Clinic. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Mathematical functions of mean, standard deviation, median, Min-Max values, and frequencies were used for descriptive statistics. The categorical data were expressed in numbers and percentages (%). Results. Nine patients with neuroendocrine histological subtype were selected out of 453 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer (1.98%). The average overall survival time of the patients was 26 months. The 5-year survival rate was 53.3%, while the PFS was 62.5%. The most common subtype was small cell neuroendocrine cancer. Tumours were mostly locally advanced at the time of diagnosis. 3 patients' stage was 1b2, while 4 patients were 2b, 1 patient was 3c2r, and 1 patient was 4b. All tumours showed the immunohistochemical staining properties of neuroendocrine cancer. The main treatment modality applied to our patients was surgery + adjuvant CRT. The most used chemotherapeutic agents were cisplatin/carboplatin and etoposide. Recurrence was found in 3 cases, including 5 deaths. Conclusion. Neuroendocrine tumour of the cervix is a rare subtype with a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, there is not yet a standard treatment protocol due to the limited number of comparative studies of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy based treatment schemes.