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Dr. Carsten Malisch
Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

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0 greenhouse gas emissions
0 Grasslands
0 Dairy production
0 Multispecies mixtures
0 Plant specialized metabolized

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greenhouse gas emissions
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Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in European Journal of Agronomy
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The use of forage legumes and herbs in temporary grassland swards is a promising strategy to enhance productivity, protein supply, herbage quality and species diversity in forage-based low input dairy production. Species containing plant specialized metabolites (PSM; e.g. tannins or polyphenol oxidase) are associated with positive effects on ruminants’ health, performance and nitrogen use efficiency. However, plant growth characteristics and the occurrence of PSMs with potential for improved nutritive value vary greatly depending on species and environment and to date, few species have been exploited agronomically. Thus, the current study aims to screen a range of forage species that are abundant in low input and semi-natural grasslands, in terms of productivity and forage quality for dairy cows under limited nitrogen availability in a ley system. Pure stands of eight legumes, six herbs and perennial ryegrass as reference, were established in a field experiment and sampled over two years (2010 and 2013) in their first full production year. Freeze-dried plant material was analysed for crude protein (CP), enzyme soluble organic matter (ESOM), fibre parameters (ADF, NDF), total phenolics (TP) and condensed tannins (CT). The species variation was significant for each parameter (P < 0.001). In comparison to high yielding legumes, herbage production of investigated alternative species was generally low, but for Cichorium intybus and Plantago lanceolata comparable or even higher than for Lolium perenne. Differences existed in yield development throughout the year, thus exhibiting temporal asynchrony for improved performance if grown in mixtures. Apart from Onobrychis viciifolia, the CP concentration in legume species was highest while ESOM was outstandingly high in herbs (except Plantago lanceolata). TP concentration was generally higher in herbs but in Onobrychis viciifolia and Lotus corniculatus the concentration of condensed tannins exceeded 10 g kg−1 DM. The results indicate that alternative forage species exist with high forage quality and potentially promising PSM concentrations, thus making them interesting additions for temperate grasslands.

ACS Style

Maike Hamacher; Carsten S. Malisch; Thorsten Reinsch; Friedhelm Taube; Ralf Loges. Evaluation of yield formation and nutritive value of forage legumes and herbs with potential for diverse grasslands due to their concentration in plant specialized metabolites. European Journal of Agronomy 2021, 128, 126307 .

AMA Style

Maike Hamacher, Carsten S. Malisch, Thorsten Reinsch, Friedhelm Taube, Ralf Loges. Evaluation of yield formation and nutritive value of forage legumes and herbs with potential for diverse grasslands due to their concentration in plant specialized metabolites. European Journal of Agronomy. 2021; 128 ():126307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maike Hamacher; Carsten S. Malisch; Thorsten Reinsch; Friedhelm Taube; Ralf Loges. 2021. "Evaluation of yield formation and nutritive value of forage legumes and herbs with potential for diverse grasslands due to their concentration in plant specialized metabolites." European Journal of Agronomy 128, no. : 126307.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Animals
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Methane emissions from ruminants are a major contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, eight different forage species were combined in binary mixtures with Lolium perenne in increasing proportions, in vitro, to determine their methane reduction potential in ruminants. Species were sampled in two consecutive years where possible. The aims were: a) to determine if mixtures with specific forages, particularly those rich in plant specialized metabolites (PSM), can reduce methane emissions compared to ryegrass monocultures, b) to identify whether there is a linear-dose effect relationship in methane emissions from the legume or herb addition, and c) whether these effects are maintained across sampling years. Results showed that all dicot species studied, including the non-tannin-containing species, reduced methane production. The tannin-rich species, Sanguisorba minor and Lotus pedunculatus, showed the greatest methane reduction potential of up to 33%. Due to concomitant reductions in the forage digestibility, Cichorium intybus yielded the lowest methane emissions per digestible forage unit. Contrary to total gas production, methane production was less predictable, with a tendency for the lowest methane production being obtained with a 67.5% share of the legume or herb partner species. Thus, linear increments in the partner species share did not result in linear changes in methane concentration. The methane reduction potential differed across sampling years, but the species ranking in methane concentration was stable.

ACS Style

Cecilia Loza; Supriya Verma; Siegfried Wolffram; Andreas Susenbeth; Ralf Blank; Friedhelm Taube; Ralf Loges; Mario Hasler; Christof Kluß; Carsten Malisch. Assessing the Potential of Diverse Forage Mixtures to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions In Vitro. Animals 2021, 11, 1126 .

AMA Style

Cecilia Loza, Supriya Verma, Siegfried Wolffram, Andreas Susenbeth, Ralf Blank, Friedhelm Taube, Ralf Loges, Mario Hasler, Christof Kluß, Carsten Malisch. Assessing the Potential of Diverse Forage Mixtures to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions In Vitro. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Loza; Supriya Verma; Siegfried Wolffram; Andreas Susenbeth; Ralf Blank; Friedhelm Taube; Ralf Loges; Mario Hasler; Christof Kluß; Carsten Malisch. 2021. "Assessing the Potential of Diverse Forage Mixtures to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions In Vitro." Animals 11, no. 4: 1126.

Review
Published: 03 March 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, several secondary plant metabolites have been identified that possess antimethanogenic properties. Tannin-rich forages have the potential to reduce methane emissions in ruminants while also increasing their nutrient use efficiency and promoting overall animal health. However, results have been highly inconclusive to date, with their antimethanogenic potential and effects on both animal performance and nutrition being highly variable even within a plant species. This variability is attributed to the structural characteristics of the tannins, many of which have been linked to an increased antimethanogenic potential. However, these characteristics are seldom considered in ruminant nutrition studies—often because the analytical techniques are inadequate to identify tannin structure and the focus is mostly on total tannin concentrations. Hence, in this article, we (i) review previous research that illustrate the variability of the antimethanogenic potential of forages; (ii) identify the source of inconsistencies behind these results; and (iii) discuss how these could be optimized to generate comparable and repeatable results. By adhering to this roadmap, we propose that there are clear links between plant metabolome and physiology and their antimethanogenic potential that can be established with the ultimate goal of improving the sustainable intensification of livestock.

ACS Style

Supriya Verma; Friedhelm Taube; Carsten Malisch. Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2743 .

AMA Style

Supriya Verma, Friedhelm Taube, Carsten Malisch. Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Supriya Verma; Friedhelm Taube; Carsten Malisch. 2021. "Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2743.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Agriculture
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Methane is a major constituent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminants, and mitigation strategies are needed to alleviate this negative environmental impact while maintaining the environmental and other benefits of grazing systems. Forages containing plant-specialized metabolites (PSM), particularly condensed tannins, may help reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions. However, information on in vivo CH4 emissions from cows grazing mixtures that contain bioactive herbs is scarce. Accordingly, this study compared a binary mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) against a diverse mixture of six additional species, including tannin-rich species like birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), in a full-grazing dairy system. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured using the SF6 tracer technique. Cows grazing diverse mixtures increased their energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield by 4% (p < 0.001) compared with binary mixtures. However, CH4 emissions per kg ECM were also 11% greater for the diverse mixtures (p < 0.05). The very high feed quality and milk yield from both mixtures explained the low CH4 emissions recorded relative to the milk output. The addition of forbs did not provide additional benefits at these intensities, as they were maintained in low yield shares throughout.

ACS Style

Cecilia Loza; Thorsten Reinsch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube; José Gere; Christof Kluß; Mario Hasler; Carsten Malisch. Methane Emission and Milk Production from Jersey Cows Grazing Perennial Ryegrass–White Clover and Multispecies Forage Mixtures. Agriculture 2021, 11, 175 .

AMA Style

Cecilia Loza, Thorsten Reinsch, Ralf Loges, Friedhelm Taube, José Gere, Christof Kluß, Mario Hasler, Carsten Malisch. Methane Emission and Milk Production from Jersey Cows Grazing Perennial Ryegrass–White Clover and Multispecies Forage Mixtures. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cecilia Loza; Thorsten Reinsch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube; José Gere; Christof Kluß; Mario Hasler; Carsten Malisch. 2021. "Methane Emission and Milk Production from Jersey Cows Grazing Perennial Ryegrass–White Clover and Multispecies Forage Mixtures." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 175.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2021 in Atmosphere
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pastures can vary significantly depending on soil and environmental conditions, nitrogen (N) input, as well as the plant’s ability to take up the N. We tested the hypothesis that legume-based N sources are characterized by significantly lower emission factors than mineral N based dairy systems. Therefore, this study monitored N2O emissions for a minimum of 100 days and up to two growing seasons across a gradient of plant species diversity. Emissions were measured from both, grazed pastures and a controlled application of urine and dung using the static chamber method. About 90% of the accumulated N2O emissions occurred during the first 60–75 days. The average accumulated N2O emissions were 0.11, 0.87, 0.99, and 0.21 kg ha−1 for control, dung, urine patches, and grazed pastures, respectively. The N uptake efficiency at the excreta patch scale was about 70% for both dung and urine. The highest N2O-N emission factor was less than half compared with the IPCC default (0.3 vs. 0.77), suggesting an overestimation of N2O-N emissions from organically managed pastures in temperate climates. Plant diversity showed no significant effect on the N2O emissions. However, functional groups were significant (p < 0.05). We concluded that legume-containing pasture systems without a fertilizer addition generally appear capable of utilizing nitrogen inputs from excreta patches efficiently, resulting in low N2O emissions.

ACS Style

John Nyameasem; Carsten Malisch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube; Christof Kluß; Iris Vogeler; Thorsten Reinsch. Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 223 .

AMA Style

John Nyameasem, Carsten Malisch, Ralf Loges, Friedhelm Taube, Christof Kluß, Iris Vogeler, Thorsten Reinsch. Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (2):223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Nyameasem; Carsten Malisch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube; Christof Kluß; Iris Vogeler; Thorsten Reinsch. 2021. "Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions." Atmosphere 12, no. 2: 223.

Original research article
Published: 18 August 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Yield increases in forage maize (Zea mays L.) in NW Europe over time are well documented. The driving causes for these, however, remain unclear as there is little information available regarding the role of plant traits triggering this yield progress. Ten different hybrids from the same maturity group, which have typically been cultivated in Northwest Germany from 1970 to recent and are thus representing breeding progress over four decades, were selected for a 2-year field study in northern Germany. Traits that were investigated included leaf area index, leaf architecture, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency, root mass, root length density, and turnover. Based on a mixed model analysis with these traits as co-variates, parameters related to leaf characteristics, in particular the number and length of leaves, the radiation use efficiency, and the leaf orientation, were identified as most influential on the yield progress (0.13 tons ha-1 year-1). In contrast to our hypothesis, root biomass only increased negligibly in newer hybrids compared to older ones, confirming the ‘functional equilibrium’ theory for high input production systems. Due to an abundance of nutrients and water in such high input systems, there is no incentive for breeders to select for carbon partitioning toward the rooting system. Breeding evidence to increase forage quality were also negligible, with no change in cob starch concentration, forage digestibility, nor NDF content and NDF digestibility. The observed increase in yield over the last four decades is due to a combination of increased temperature sums (~240 GDD within 40 years), and a higher radiation interception and radiation use efficiency. This higher radiation interception was driven by an increased leaf area index, with a higher number of leaves (16 instead of 14 leaves within 40 years) and longer leaves of newer compared to older hybrids. Future selection and adaptation of maize hybrids to changing environmental conditions are likely to be the key for high productivity and quality and for the economic viability of maize growing and expansion in Northern Europe.

ACS Style

Friedhelm Taube; Iris Vogeler; Christof Kluß; Antje Herrmann; Mario Hasler; Jürgen Rath; Ralf Loges; Carsten Malisch. Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects? Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Friedhelm Taube, Iris Vogeler, Christof Kluß, Antje Herrmann, Mario Hasler, Jürgen Rath, Ralf Loges, Carsten Malisch. Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects? Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Friedhelm Taube; Iris Vogeler; Christof Kluß; Antje Herrmann; Mario Hasler; Jürgen Rath; Ralf Loges; Carsten Malisch. 2020. "Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects?" Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Grass and Forage Science
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Grassland renovation by cultivation and reseeding has been shown to increase short‐term emissions of N2O, but there is uncertainty about long‐term effects, despite the potential impacts of reseeding on sward composition and soil functions. A field experiment was therefore carried out to determine how N2O emissions from previously renovated grasslands varied in the intermediate to long‐term, compared with an undisturbed permanent grassland (PG). Plots on the PG site were renovated, either two (G2) or five (G5) years prior to the two experimental years. In each sward age and experimental year, annual N2O‐measurements were conducted on a weekly basis and compared with the undisturbed PG. Plots were either unfertilized or were fertilized with slurry (240 kg N ha−1 year−1). On average, annual N2O emissions were 0.39 kg N/ha for the unfertilized swards, and 0.91 kg N/ha for slurry‐fertilized swards. Sward age had no effect on N2O emissions. With increasing sward age the proportion of legumes in the sward was reduced, but a minimum biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of 88 kg N/ha was maintained even in the fertilized PG. Both sward age and BNF were of limited importance for the annual N2O emissions compared with the effects of soil carbon content and nitrogen surplus levels. However, measured N2O emissions were low in all sward age treatments, with a low risk of additional N2O emissions when BNF is taken into account in fertilizer planning.

ACS Style

Thorsten Reinsch; Carsten Malisch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube. Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation. Grass and Forage Science 2020, 75, 372 -384.

AMA Style

Thorsten Reinsch, Carsten Malisch, Ralf Loges, Friedhelm Taube. Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation. Grass and Forage Science. 2020; 75 (4):372-384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thorsten Reinsch; Carsten Malisch; Ralf Loges; Friedhelm Taube. 2020. "Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation." Grass and Forage Science 75, no. 4: 372-384.

Research article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) in forages may be present in either soluble (S-PA) or non-extractable (NE-PA) form. Despite potential benefits of the NE-PA in ruminant nutrition, few studies have analyzed NE-PA in forages. This study examined the impact of a range of conditions on S-PA as well as protein- and fiber-bound PA (the NE-PA fractions) in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Thus, five sainfoin accessions in either generative or vegetative stage were subjected to drought for 18 weeks and sampled repeatedly for PA analysis. Drought-stressed plants increased S-PAs on average by 59% across all accessions yet only in the vegetative stage. In contrast, NE-PA concentrations were generally lower (on average 15% of the total PAs) and unaffected by drought. Thus, for sainfoin, the low and stable concentration of NE-PAs across accessions, growth stages, and drought conditions should have a low, predictable impact on the future sainfoin analyses and feeding studies.

ACS Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Lasse Lewandowski; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Friedhelm Taube; Andreas Lüscher. Low Concentrations of Protein- and Fiber-Bound Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Are Stable across Accessions, Growth Stages, and Drought Conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68, 7369 -7377.

AMA Style

Carsten S. Malisch, Lasse Lewandowski, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Friedhelm Taube, Andreas Lüscher. Low Concentrations of Protein- and Fiber-Bound Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Are Stable across Accessions, Growth Stages, and Drought Conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2020; 68 (28):7369-7377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Lasse Lewandowski; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Friedhelm Taube; Andreas Lüscher. 2020. "Low Concentrations of Protein- and Fiber-Bound Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Are Stable across Accessions, Growth Stages, and Drought Conditions." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 28: 7369-7377.

Journal article
Published: 03 October 2019 in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
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Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) have been found to reduce the activity of soil microorganisms lowering the decay rates of plant residues, which might positively affect C sequestration. Several PSM are produced by temperature forage species, but the impact of those material on decomposition has primarily been studies in forest ecosystems. Thus, the objective of this study was to i) quantify the relevant PSMs contained in the aboveground and belowground parts of forage species, ii) identify differences in CO2-emissions resulting from the root turnover of those species, and iii) identify the main chemical root properties that affect the CO2-emissions resulting from the root turnover. Eight cultivars of five forage species were grown in pots in a greenhouse. Aboveground- and belowground biomass was harvested and proanthocyanidins (PAs) and other PSMs (alkaloids and flavonoids) were measured. Afterwards, the roots were incubated for 58 days to investigate the root turnover while the CO2-emissions by the decay of roots from the soil were measured. Results showed i) PA concentrations varied widely among the species (7.8–45.6 mg PA g−1 dry matter (DM)), as well as between above- and belowground biomass; ii) that CO2-emissions differed significantly in terms of dynamics and the amount (15–40% of added C); and iii) that none of the measured root chemical properties could sufficiently explain the variance in CO2-emissions. Nevertheless, the almost three-fold range in turnover rates shows great potential for the future in terms of specifically designing temperate grasslands via species selection to enhance potential carbon sequestration.

ACS Style

Nami Kagiya; Thorsten Reinsch; Friedhelm Taube; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Christof Kluß; Mario Hasler; Carsten S. Malisch. Turnover rates of roots vary considerably across temperate forage species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2019, 139, 107614 .

AMA Style

Nami Kagiya, Thorsten Reinsch, Friedhelm Taube, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Christof Kluß, Mario Hasler, Carsten S. Malisch. Turnover rates of roots vary considerably across temperate forage species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2019; 139 ():107614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nami Kagiya; Thorsten Reinsch; Friedhelm Taube; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Christof Kluß; Mario Hasler; Carsten S. Malisch. 2019. "Turnover rates of roots vary considerably across temperate forage species." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 139, no. : 107614.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Crop Science
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Condensed tannins (CTs) account for up to 20% of the dry matter in forage legumes used as ruminant feeds. Beneficial animal responses to CTs have included improved growth, milk and wool production, fertility, and reduced methane emissions and ammonia volatilization from dung or urine. Most important is the ability of such forages to combat the effects of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Inconsistent animal responses to CTs were initially attributed to concentration in the diet, but recent research has highlighted the importance of their molecular structures, as well as concentration, and also the composition of the diet containing the CTs. The importance of CT structural traits cannot be underestimated. Interdisciplinary research is the key to unraveling the relationships between CT traits and bioactivities and will enable future on-farm exploitation of these natural plant compounds. Research is also needed to provide plant breeders with guidelines and screening tools to optimize CT traits, in both the forage and the whole diet. In addition, improvements are needed in the competitiveness and agronomic traits of CT-containing legumes and our understanding of options for their inclusion in ruminant diets. Farmers need varieties that are competitive in mixed swards and have predictable bioactivities. This review covers recent results from multidisciplinary research on sainfoin (Onobrychis Mill. spp.) and provides an overview of current developments with several other tanniniferous forages. Tannin chemistry is now being linked with agronomy, plant breeding, animal nutrition, and parasitology. The past decade has yielded considerable progress but also generated more questions—an enviable consequence of new knowledge! Copyright © 2019. . Copyright © by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc.

ACS Style

Irene Mueller-Harvey; Giuseppe Bee; Frigga Dohme-Meier; Hervé Hoste; Maarit Karonen; Roland Kölliker; Andreas Lüscher; Vincent Niderkorn; Wilbert F. Pellikaan; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Leif Skot; Lydia M.J. Smith; Stig M. Thamsborg; Paul Totterdell; Ian Wilkinson; Andrew R. Williams; Blasius N. Azuhnwi; Nicolas Baert; Anja Grosse Brinkhaus; Giuseppe Copani; Olivier Desrues; Chris Drake; Marica Engström; Christos Fryganas; Marion Girard; Nguyen T. Huyen; Katharina Kempf; Carsten Malisch; Marina Mora-Ortiz; Jessica Quijada; Aina Ramsay; Honorata M. Ropiak; Garry C. Waghorn. Benefits of Condensed Tannins in Forage Legumes Fed to Ruminants: Importance of Structure, Concentration, and Diet Composition. Crop Science 2019, 59, 861 -885.

AMA Style

Irene Mueller-Harvey, Giuseppe Bee, Frigga Dohme-Meier, Hervé Hoste, Maarit Karonen, Roland Kölliker, Andreas Lüscher, Vincent Niderkorn, Wilbert F. Pellikaan, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Leif Skot, Lydia M.J. Smith, Stig M. Thamsborg, Paul Totterdell, Ian Wilkinson, Andrew R. Williams, Blasius N. Azuhnwi, Nicolas Baert, Anja Grosse Brinkhaus, Giuseppe Copani, Olivier Desrues, Chris Drake, Marica Engström, Christos Fryganas, Marion Girard, Nguyen T. Huyen, Katharina Kempf, Carsten Malisch, Marina Mora-Ortiz, Jessica Quijada, Aina Ramsay, Honorata M. Ropiak, Garry C. Waghorn. Benefits of Condensed Tannins in Forage Legumes Fed to Ruminants: Importance of Structure, Concentration, and Diet Composition. Crop Science. 2019; 59 (3):861-885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Mueller-Harvey; Giuseppe Bee; Frigga Dohme-Meier; Hervé Hoste; Maarit Karonen; Roland Kölliker; Andreas Lüscher; Vincent Niderkorn; Wilbert F. Pellikaan; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Leif Skot; Lydia M.J. Smith; Stig M. Thamsborg; Paul Totterdell; Ian Wilkinson; Andrew R. Williams; Blasius N. Azuhnwi; Nicolas Baert; Anja Grosse Brinkhaus; Giuseppe Copani; Olivier Desrues; Chris Drake; Marica Engström; Christos Fryganas; Marion Girard; Nguyen T. Huyen; Katharina Kempf; Carsten Malisch; Marina Mora-Ortiz; Jessica Quijada; Aina Ramsay; Honorata M. Ropiak; Garry C. Waghorn. 2019. "Benefits of Condensed Tannins in Forage Legumes Fed to Ruminants: Importance of Structure, Concentration, and Diet Composition." Crop Science 59, no. 3: 861-885.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in European Journal of Agronomy
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Ruminant livestock in agriculture is one of the largest contributors to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One GHG mitigation strategy is to maintain or increase soil carbon stocks. However, the estimation of the impact of agricultural production systems on soil carbon stocks is often difficult due to lack of data regarding the above- and belowground allocation of the net primary production of plants. Hence, in a 7-year field experiment in northern Germany, the aboveground net primary productivity and carbon budget of three different forage production systems (a crop rotation (grass-clover, maize and winter wheat); continuous maize; and continuous grassland) were quantified, with belowground net primary productivity being determined in two production years. While the net primary production was similar across all systems and ranged between 12.2 and 13.3 t organic matter ha−1, the belowground fraction of the NPP was higher in grasslands with up to 35%, compared to 18 and 23% in continuous maize and the crop rotation. Accordingly after deduction of harvest removal also the carbon inputs as predicted by the soil carbon model were much higher in grassland and carbon stocks are projected to increase by +413 kg C ha−1 a−1 in fertilized grasslands, yet are projected to decrease by −183 kg C ha−1 a−1 in unfertilized continuous maize. However, the best option with respect to both carbon inputs and harvestable yields was the crop rotation, obtaining almost identical yields with the continuous maize with nearly balanced carbon stocks independent of the fertilization.

ACS Style

Ralf Loges; Inga Bunne; Thorsten Reinsch; Carsten Malisch; Christof Kluß; Antje Herrmann; Friedhelm Taube. Forage production in rotational systems generates similar yields compared to maize monocultures but improves soil carbon stocks. European Journal of Agronomy 2018, 97, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Ralf Loges, Inga Bunne, Thorsten Reinsch, Carsten Malisch, Christof Kluß, Antje Herrmann, Friedhelm Taube. Forage production in rotational systems generates similar yields compared to maize monocultures but improves soil carbon stocks. European Journal of Agronomy. 2018; 97 ():11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ralf Loges; Inga Bunne; Thorsten Reinsch; Carsten Malisch; Christof Kluß; Antje Herrmann; Friedhelm Taube. 2018. "Forage production in rotational systems generates similar yields compared to maize monocultures but improves soil carbon stocks." European Journal of Agronomy 97, no. : 11-19.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2017 in Grass and Forage Science
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Grass–legume mixtures have proven successful at improving the sustainability of grasslands. Their ability to suppress unsown species is particularly important for sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), a forage crop with valuable bioactive compounds, yet low competitiveness. In this 3-year study, the suitability of six partner species cultivated in mixtures with sainfoin at different annual numbers of cuts and partner sowing densities were evaluated. Mixture yields outperformed average monoculture yields by 31%, reduced the ratio of unsown species by 65% and increased the symbiotic N2 fixation up to 158 kg ha−1. A key finding of the study was the highly differential patterns of development of the partner grass species over the 3 years. These patterns of development had a large effect on the persistency of the proportion of sainfoin in the mixtures, which varied in the third year between 17% (when grown with Dactylis glomerata) and 38% (with Lolium perenne). These findings contribute to the further development of sustainable grass–legume systems, as evidence for the successful cultivation of sainfoin as an alternative legume species can help diversification, and knowledge of mixture development supports more persistent legume proportions.

ACS Style

C. S. Malisch; D. Suter; Bruno Studer; A. Lüscher. Multifunctional benefits of sainfoin mixtures: Effects of partner species, sowing density and cutting regime. Grass and Forage Science 2017, 72, 794 -805.

AMA Style

C. S. Malisch, D. Suter, Bruno Studer, A. Lüscher. Multifunctional benefits of sainfoin mixtures: Effects of partner species, sowing density and cutting regime. Grass and Forage Science. 2017; 72 (4):794-805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. S. Malisch; D. Suter; Bruno Studer; A. Lüscher. 2017. "Multifunctional benefits of sainfoin mixtures: Effects of partner species, sowing density and cutting regime." Grass and Forage Science 72, no. 4: 794-805.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Genetics and Molecular Research
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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a perennial forage legume with great potential for use in sustainable agriculture due to its low input requirements, good drought tolerance, and production of forage rich in polyphenolic compounds, which are beneficial for animal health. However, its distribution and cultivation are limited due to its moderate agronomic performance and a general lack of well adapted, highly yielding cultivars. Faster progress in breeding is imperative, but is often hampered by the complex inheritance of traits and limited knowledge on the genetic composition of this tetraploid, outbreeding species. Molecular genetic tools might aid phenotypic selection; however, to date no information on marker-trait associations is available for sainfoin. Hence, the goal of the present study was to detect marker-trait associations in a biparental F population. Single plants were screened for recently developed genetic markers and phenotyped for important agronomic traits and concentrations of different polyphenolic compounds. Significant trait-associated markers (TAM) were detected for plant height (11), plant vigor (1), and seed yield (7). These three traits were positively correlated with each other and shared some TAMs. Correlations among markers suggested that two independent loci control these three vigor-related traits. One additional, independent TAM was detected for the share of prodelphinidins in total condensed tannins. Our results provide insight into the genetic control of important traits of sainfoin, and the TAMs reported here could assist selection in combination with phenotypic assessment.

ACS Style

K. Kempf; Carsten Malisch; C. Grieder; F. Widmer; Roland Kölliker. Marker-trait association analysis for agronomic and compositional traits in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Genetics and Molecular Research 2017, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

K. Kempf, Carsten Malisch, C. Grieder, F. Widmer, Roland Kölliker. Marker-trait association analysis for agronomic and compositional traits in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Genetics and Molecular Research. 2017; 16 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Kempf; Carsten Malisch; C. Grieder; F. Widmer; Roland Kölliker. 2017. "Marker-trait association analysis for agronomic and compositional traits in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)." Genetics and Molecular Research 16, no. 1: 1.

Research article
Published: 06 December 2016 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a forage legume, which improves animal health and the environmental impact of livestock farming due to its proanthocyanidin content. To identify the impact of drought on acetone/water-extractable proanthocyanidin (PA) concentration and composition in the generative and vegetative stages, a rain exclosure experiment was established. Leaves of 120 plants from 5 different sainfoin accessions were sampled repeatedly and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed distinct differences in response to drought between vegetative and generative plants. Whereas vegetative plants showed a strong response to drought in growth (−56%) and leaf PA concentration (+46%), generative plants showed no response in growth (−2%) or PA concentration (−9%). The PA composition was stable across environments. The five accessions varied in PA concentrations and composition but showed the same pattern of response to the experimental treatments. These results show that the ontogenetic stage at which drought occurs significantly affects the plant’s response.

ACS Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Roland Kölliker; Marica T. Engström; Daniel Suter; Bruno Studer; Andreas Lüscher. Drought Effects on Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Are Dependent on the Plant’s Ontogenetic Stage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64, 9307 -9316.

AMA Style

Carsten S. Malisch, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Roland Kölliker, Marica T. Engström, Daniel Suter, Bruno Studer, Andreas Lüscher. Drought Effects on Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Are Dependent on the Plant’s Ontogenetic Stage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2016; 64 (49):9307-9316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Juha-Pekka Salminen; Roland Kölliker; Marica T. Engström; Daniel Suter; Bruno Studer; Andreas Lüscher. 2016. "Drought Effects on Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Are Dependent on the Plant’s Ontogenetic Stage." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 49: 9307-9316.

Research article
Published: 20 November 2015 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) are of interest to ameliorate the sustainability of livestock production. However, sainfoin forage yield and PA concentrations, as well as their composition, require optimization. Individual plants of 27 sainfoin accessions from four continents were analyzed with LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS for PA concentrations and simple phenolic compounds. Large variability existed in PA concentrations (23.0–47.5 mg g–1 leaf dry matter (DM)), share of prodelphinidins (79–96%), and mean degree of polymerization (11–14) among, but also within, accessions. PAs were mainly located in leaves (26.8 mg g–1 DM), whereas stems had less PAs (7.8 mg g–1 DM). Overall, high-yielding plants had lower PA leaf concentrations (R2 = 0.16, P < 0.001) and fewer leaves (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.001). However, the results show that these two trade-offs between yield and bioactive PAs can be overcome.

ACS Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Andreas Lüscher; Nicolas Baert; Marica T. Engström; Bruno Studer; Christos Fryganas; Daniel Suter; Irene Mueller-Harvey; Juha-Pekka Salminen. Large Variability of Proanthocyanidin Content and Composition in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63, 10234 -10242.

AMA Style

Carsten S. Malisch, Andreas Lüscher, Nicolas Baert, Marica T. Engström, Bruno Studer, Christos Fryganas, Daniel Suter, Irene Mueller-Harvey, Juha-Pekka Salminen. Large Variability of Proanthocyanidin Content and Composition in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2015; 63 (47):10234-10242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carsten S. Malisch; Andreas Lüscher; Nicolas Baert; Marica T. Engström; Bruno Studer; Christos Fryganas; Daniel Suter; Irene Mueller-Harvey; Juha-Pekka Salminen. 2015. "Large Variability of Proanthocyanidin Content and Composition in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 47: 10234-10242.