The aim of this study was to determine the performance evolution of a group of athletes after 8 weeks of training that combined electrostimulation (NM ES) and plyometrics (PT). 78 medium level sprinter athletes participated, 40 women and 38 men (age, 15.9±1.4 years old, body mass index, 20.5±1.68 kg/m2; weight 58.53±8.05 kg; height, 1.68±0.07 m). The sample was randomized into four groups [Control (PT only), NM ES + PT, PT + NM ES, and Simultaneous (plyometric jumps were performed through the passage of current). Improvements were obtained in the Abalakov jump of 3.57% (p < 0.01), 13.51% (p < 0.001), 1.23% (p < 0.01), and 0.77%, and in the sprint of 0.45%, 3.87% (p < 0.05), 4.56% (p < 0.01) and 7.26% p < 0.001 for the control group, NM ES + PT group, PT + NM ES group, and Simultaneous group, respectively. It was concluded that a) improvement in vertical jump requires the application of the NM ES prior to PT; b) the sprinter athlete must combine the workout simultaneously or apply the ES after the PT training; and c) in sportspeople that require improvement in both the vertical jump and speed tests (e.g. basketball) the simultaneous method is not recommended, the order of application of NM ES and PT being non-determinant. Finally, the time needed to obtain significant improvement in strength training through a combination of NM ES and PT is substantially lower (15 days) than the time needed to improve speed (30 days)

Neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) has been used mainly as a method to promote muscle strength, but its effects on improving blood flow are less well known. The aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge about the local and contralateral effects of the application of symmetric biphasic square currents on skin temperature (Tsk). An experimental pilot study was developed with a single study group consisting of 45 healthy subjects. Thermographic evaluations were recorded following the application of NMES to the anterior region of the thigh. The results showed an increase in the maximal Tsk of 0.67% in the anterior region of the thigh where the NMES was applied (p < 0.001) and an increase of 0.54% (p < 0.01) due to cross-education effects, which was higher when the NMES was applied on the dominant side (0.79%; p < 0.01). The duration of the effect was 20 min in the dominant leg and 10 min in the nondominant one. The application of a symmetrical biphasic current (8 Hz and 400 μs) creates an increase in the maximal Tsk at the local level. A temperature cross-education effect is produced, which is greater when the NMES is applied on the dominant side. This could be a useful noninvasive measurement tool in NMES treatments.

Studying normative values for muscle activation in the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF), as well as the hamstrings/quadriceps (H:Q) ratio during the Countermovement Jump (CMJ). Determine whether there were differences between the CMJ and the trial of 5 consecutive CMJs (5 CMJ) and between the take-off and landing phases. A cross-sectional descriptive study. Thirty-one participants (20 females and 11 males, 22.52 ± 3.295 years, BMI 24.32, weight 58.23 ± 4.32 Surface electromyography has been used to determine muscle activation during the CMJ and 5 CMJ. Muscle activation in the VL, VM, and BF, as well as the hamstrings/quadriceps ratio in take-off and landing phases of the CMJ and 5 CMJ. The results show normative values in the VL, VM, and BF during both the CMJ and 5 CMJ, with the exception of the BF during the landing phase of the 5 CMJ. In conclusion, the activation in the take-off phase of the VM and VL is greater than during the landing phase. The BF shows similar activation in both the take-off and landing phases. The 5 CMJ does not induce greater muscular fatigue than the CMJ.

Objective: To examine the psychosocial impact and parental stress associated with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities in children, with a particular focus on the relationships between parental response styles and family stress and impact. Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional, prospective study was conducted. Methods: The study included parents of children with neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities. Participants completed the Family Management Style Framework, Parenting Stress Index, and Parental Response Style Questionnaire. In addition, clinical characteristics related to psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders were collected via parent‐reported questionnaire items and analysed as categorical variables. Results: One hundred parents participated in the survey, with data from 100 children analysed. Discomfort and Stress showed positive and significant relationships with all the factors of the Parental Response Style Questionnaire, except for Overprotection, while the Family Management Style Framework subscales did so with the Apathy/dysphoria. The presence and clinical complexity of psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders were significantly associated with higher levels of parental stress and family impact. Conclusions: Families of children with intellectual disabilities face substantial challenges that affect family functioning and daily activities. The presence and clinical complexity of psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders emerged as key clinical characteristics associated with increased parental stress and family impact. Given the cross‐sectional design of the study, these findings should be interpreted as associative, and no causal, directional, or temporal inferences can be drawn. Impact: Parents provided critical insights into the challenges of caring for children with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities, contributing to a better understanding of family dynamics and stress‐related factors. Identifying relevant clinical characteristics may help nurses and other health professionals tailor family‐centred interventions. Reporting Method: This paper is reported according to the STROBE Statement. Patient or Public Contribution: Parents of children with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities were the subjects of data collection for this study and participated in the survey after providing voluntary consent to participate.