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Since 2006, multiple outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) have been reported in Nigeria involving different subtypes. Surveillance and molecular epidemiology have revealed the vital role of live bird markets (LBMs) in the dissemination of AI virus to commercial poultry farms. To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of AI in Nigeria, we performed whole-genome sequencing of nineteen H9N2 viruses recovered, from apparently healthy poultry species, during active surveillance conducted in nine LBMs across Nigeria in 2019. Analyses of the HA gene segment of these viruses showed that the H9N2 strains belong to the G1 lineage, which has zoonotic potential, and are clustered with contemporary H9N2 identified in Africa between 2016 and 2020. We observed two distinct clusters of H9N2 viruses in Nigeria, suggesting different introductions into the country. In view of the zoonotic potential of H9N2 and the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of AI virus in Nigeria, continuous monitoring of the LBMs across the country and molecular characterization of AIVs identified is advocated to mitigate economic losses and public health threats.
Lanre Sulaiman; Ismaila Shittu; Alice Fusaro; Bitrus Inuwa; Bianca Zecchin; Dorcas Gado; Alessia Schivo; Alice Bianco; Agnes Laleye; Federica Gobbo; Columba Vakuru; Tony Joannis; Isabella Monne; Clement Meseko. Live Bird Markets in Nigeria: A Potential Reservoir for H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2021, 13, 1445 .
AMA StyleLanre Sulaiman, Ismaila Shittu, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Bianca Zecchin, Dorcas Gado, Alessia Schivo, Alice Bianco, Agnes Laleye, Federica Gobbo, Columba Vakuru, Tony Joannis, Isabella Monne, Clement Meseko. Live Bird Markets in Nigeria: A Potential Reservoir for H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLanre Sulaiman; Ismaila Shittu; Alice Fusaro; Bitrus Inuwa; Bianca Zecchin; Dorcas Gado; Alessia Schivo; Alice Bianco; Agnes Laleye; Federica Gobbo; Columba Vakuru; Tony Joannis; Isabella Monne; Clement Meseko. 2021. "Live Bird Markets in Nigeria: A Potential Reservoir for H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1445.
Among recurrent sanitary emergencies able to spread rapidly worldwide, avian influenza is one of the main constraints for animal health and food security. In West Africa, Nigeria has been experiencing repeated outbreaks of different strains of avian influenza virus (AIV) since 2006 and is also recognized as a hot spot in the region for the introduction of emerging strains by migratory wild birds. Here, we generated complete genomes of 20 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses collected during active surveillance in Nigerian live bird markets (LBM) and from outbreaks reported in the country between 2016 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the Nigerian viruses cluster into four separate genetic groups within HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b. The first group includes 2016–2017 Nigerian viruses with high genetic similarity to H5N8 viruses detected in Central African countries, while the second includes Nigerian viruses collected both in LBM and poultry farms (2018–2019), as well as in Cameroon, Egypt and Siberia. A natural reassortant strain identified in 2019 represents the third group: H5N8 viruses with the same gene constellation were identified in 2018 in South Africa. Finally, the fourth introduction represents the first detection in the African continent of the H5N6 subtype, which is related to European viruses. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses confirmed that the four introductions originated from different sources and provide evidence of the virus spread within Nigeria, as well as diffusion beyond its borders. The multiple epidemiological links between Nigeria, Central and Southern African countries highlight the need for harmonized and coordinated surveillance system to control AIV impact. Improved surveillance at the Wetlands, LBMs and early warning of outbreaks are crucial for prevention and control of AIV, which can be potentially zoonotic and be a threat to human health.
Agnes Tinuke Laleye; Alice Bianco; Ismaila Shittu; Lanre Sulaiman; Alice Fusaro; Bitrus Inuwa; Joshua Oyetunde; Bianca Zecchin; Judith Bakam; Ambra Pastori; Kayode Olawuyi; Alessia Schivo; Clement Meseko; Columba Vakuru; Andrea Fortin; Isabella Monne; Tony Joannis. Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian Influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b reveals independent introductions in nigeria. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAgnes Tinuke Laleye, Alice Bianco, Ismaila Shittu, Lanre Sulaiman, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Joshua Oyetunde, Bianca Zecchin, Judith Bakam, Ambra Pastori, Kayode Olawuyi, Alessia Schivo, Clement Meseko, Columba Vakuru, Andrea Fortin, Isabella Monne, Tony Joannis. Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian Influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b reveals independent introductions in nigeria. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnes Tinuke Laleye; Alice Bianco; Ismaila Shittu; Lanre Sulaiman; Alice Fusaro; Bitrus Inuwa; Joshua Oyetunde; Bianca Zecchin; Judith Bakam; Ambra Pastori; Kayode Olawuyi; Alessia Schivo; Clement Meseko; Columba Vakuru; Andrea Fortin; Isabella Monne; Tony Joannis. 2021. "Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian Influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b reveals independent introductions in nigeria." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , no. : 1.
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly transmissible and devastating disease that affects poultry and wild birds worldwide. Comprehensive knowledge regarding the characteristics and epidemiological factors of the ND virus (NDV) is critical for the control and prevention of ND. Effective vaccinations can prevent and control the spread of the NDV in poultry populations. For decades, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported the impacts of ND on commercial and traditional poultry farming systems. The reports were preliminary clinical observations, and few cases were confirmed in the laboratory. However, data on the phylogenetic, genetic, and virological characteristics of NDVs circulating in the DRC are not available. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of three NDV isolates obtained using the next-generation sequencing method revealed two isolates that were a new variant of NDV, and one isolate that was clustered in the subgenotype VII.2. All DRC isolates were velogenic and were antigenically closely related to the vaccine strains. Our findings reveal that despite the circulation of the new variant, ND can be controlled in the DRC using the current vaccine. However, epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the endemicity of the disease so that better control strategies can be implemented.
Augustin Twabela; Lam Nguyen; Justin Masumu; Patrick Mpoyo; Serge Mpiana; Julienne Sumbu; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Yoshihiro Sakoda. A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019. Viruses 2021, 13, 151 .
AMA StyleAugustin Twabela, Lam Nguyen, Justin Masumu, Patrick Mpoyo, Serge Mpiana, Julienne Sumbu, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Keita Matsuno, Norikazu Isoda, Bianca Zecchin, Isabella Monne, Yoshihiro Sakoda. A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugustin Twabela; Lam Nguyen; Justin Masumu; Patrick Mpoyo; Serge Mpiana; Julienne Sumbu; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Keita Matsuno; Norikazu Isoda; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Yoshihiro Sakoda. 2021. "A New Variant Among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019." Viruses 13, no. 2: 151.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) represents an important threat for both wild and domestic carnivores. Since 2006, the North-Eastern regions in Italy have been experiencing severe and widespread recurring outbreaks of CDV affecting the wild carnivore population. In this study we performed an extensive phylogeographic analysis of CDV strains belonging to the Wildlife-Europe genetic group identified between 2006 and 2018 in Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions. Our analysis revealed that viruses from the first (2006–2009) and the second (2011–2018) epidemic wave cluster separately, suggesting the introduction of two distinct genetic variants. These two events were characterized by different diffusion rates and spatial distribution, thus suggesting the existence of a connection between infection spread and host population dynamics. We also report the first spillover event of this strain to a non-vaccinated dog in a rural area of Friuli Venezia Giulia. The increasing prevalence of the infection in wildlife population, the broad host range of CDV circulating in the Alpine wildlife and the first reported transmission of a wild-adapted strain to a domestic dog in this region raise concerns over the vulnerability of wildlife species and the exposure of our pets to new threatening strains. Understanding the dynamic of CDV epidemics will also improve preparedness for re-emerging diseases affecting carnivore species.
Alice Bianco; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Alessia Schivo; Silvia Ormelli; Marco Bregoli; Carlo Vittorio Citterio; Federica Obber; Debora Dellamaria; Karin Trevisiol; Monica Lorenzetto; Paola De Benedictis; Isabella Monne. Two waves of canine distemper virus showing different spatio-temporal dynamics in Alpine wildlife (2006–2018). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2020, 84, 104359 .
AMA StyleAlice Bianco, Bianca Zecchin, Alice Fusaro, Alessia Schivo, Silvia Ormelli, Marco Bregoli, Carlo Vittorio Citterio, Federica Obber, Debora Dellamaria, Karin Trevisiol, Monica Lorenzetto, Paola De Benedictis, Isabella Monne. Two waves of canine distemper virus showing different spatio-temporal dynamics in Alpine wildlife (2006–2018). Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020; 84 ():104359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Bianco; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Alessia Schivo; Silvia Ormelli; Marco Bregoli; Carlo Vittorio Citterio; Federica Obber; Debora Dellamaria; Karin Trevisiol; Monica Lorenzetto; Paola De Benedictis; Isabella Monne. 2020. "Two waves of canine distemper virus showing different spatio-temporal dynamics in Alpine wildlife (2006–2018)." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 84, no. : 104359.
Since 2005, H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage have spread worldwide, affecting poultry and wild birds in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. So far, the role of Western Asia and the Middle East in the diffusion dynamics of this virus has been poorly explored. In order to investigate the genetic diversity and the role of Iran in the transmission dynamics of the Gs/GD lineage, we sequenced the complete genome of twenty-eight H5Nx viruses which were circulating in the country between 2016 and 2018. We reported the first characterization of the HPAI H5N6 subtype of clade 2.3.4.4B in Iran and gave evidence of the high propensity of the Gs/GD H5 AIVs to reassort, describing six novel H5N8 genotypes of clade 2.3.4.4B, some of them likely generated in this area, and one H5N1 reassortant virus of clade 2.3.2.1c. Our spatial analyses demonstrated that the viruses resulted from different viral introductions from Asia and Europe and provided evidence of virus spread from Iran to the Middle East. Therefore, Iran may represent a hot-spot for virus introduction, dissemination and for the generation of new genetic variability. Increasing surveillance efforts in this high-risk area is of utmost importance for the early detection of novel emerging strains with zoonotic potential.
Hamed Abdollahi; Ali Safar Maken Ali; Isabella Monne; Adelaide Milani; Mohammad Habibi; Gianpiero Zamperin; Seyed Ali Ghafouri; Hossein Maghsoudloo; Bijan Mohammadpoor; Shadab Esmaeilzadeh; Reza Khaltabadi Farahani; Yusuf Ghasemi; Ali Akbar Afzalkhani; Jessica Nabipoor; Behrooz Javanmardi; Alice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin. Spatial spread and emergence of reassortant H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Iran. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2020, 83, 104342 .
AMA StyleHamed Abdollahi, Ali Safar Maken Ali, Isabella Monne, Adelaide Milani, Mohammad Habibi, Gianpiero Zamperin, Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Hossein Maghsoudloo, Bijan Mohammadpoor, Shadab Esmaeilzadeh, Reza Khaltabadi Farahani, Yusuf Ghasemi, Ali Akbar Afzalkhani, Jessica Nabipoor, Behrooz Javanmardi, Alice Fusaro, Bianca Zecchin. Spatial spread and emergence of reassortant H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Iran. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020; 83 ():104342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamed Abdollahi; Ali Safar Maken Ali; Isabella Monne; Adelaide Milani; Mohammad Habibi; Gianpiero Zamperin; Seyed Ali Ghafouri; Hossein Maghsoudloo; Bijan Mohammadpoor; Shadab Esmaeilzadeh; Reza Khaltabadi Farahani; Yusuf Ghasemi; Ali Akbar Afzalkhani; Jessica Nabipoor; Behrooz Javanmardi; Alice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin. 2020. "Spatial spread and emergence of reassortant H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Iran." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 83, no. : 104342.
Effective control of avian diseases in domestic populations requires understanding of the transmission dynamics facilitating viral emergence and spread. In 2016–17, Italy experienced a significant avian influenza epidemic caused by a highly pathogenic A(H5N8) virus, which affected domestic premises housing around 2.7 million birds, primarily in the north‐eastern regions with the highest density of poultry farms (Lombardy, Emilia‐Romagna and Veneto). We perform integrated analyses of genetic, spatiotemporal and host data within a Bayesian phylogenetic framework. Using continuous and discrete phylogeography, we estimate the locations of movements responsible for the spread and persistence of the epidemic. The information derived from these analyses on rates of transmission between regions through time can be used to assess the success of control measures. Using an approach based on phylogenetic–temporal distances between domestic cases, we infer the presence of cryptic wild bird‐mediated transmission, information that can be used to complement existing epidemiological methods for distinguishing transmission within the domestic population from incursions across the wildlife–domestic interface, a common challenge in veterinary epidemiology. Spatiotemporal reconstruction of the epidemic reveals a highly skewed distribution of virus movements with a high proportion of shorter distance local movements interspersed with occasional long‐distance dispersal events associated with wild birds. We also show how such inference be used to identify possible instances of human‐mediated movements where distances between phylogenetically linked domestic cases are unusually high.
William T. Harvey; Paolo Mulatti; Alice Fusaro; Francesca Scolamacchia; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Stefano Marangon. Spatiotemporal reconstruction and transmission dynamics during the 2016–17 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in Italy. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2019, 68, 37 -50.
AMA StyleWilliam T. Harvey, Paolo Mulatti, Alice Fusaro, Francesca Scolamacchia, Bianca Zecchin, Isabella Monne, Stefano Marangon. Spatiotemporal reconstruction and transmission dynamics during the 2016–17 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in Italy. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2019; 68 (1):37-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam T. Harvey; Paolo Mulatti; Alice Fusaro; Francesca Scolamacchia; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne; Stefano Marangon. 2019. "Spatiotemporal reconstruction and transmission dynamics during the 2016–17 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in Italy." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 68, no. 1: 37-50.
The role of Africa in the dynamics of the global spread of a zoonotic and economically-important virus, such as the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx of the Gs/GD lineage, remains unexplored. Here we characterise the spatiotemporal patterns of virus diffusion during three HPAI H5Nx intercontinental epidemic waves and demonstrate that Africa mainly acted as an ecological sink of the HPAI H5Nx viruses. A joint analysis of host dynamics and continuous spatial diffusion indicates that poultry trade as well as wild bird migrations have contributed to the virus spreading into Africa, with West Africa acting as a crucial hotspot for virus introduction and dissemination into the continent. We demonstrate varying paths of avian influenza incursions into Africa as well as virus spread within Africa over time, which reveal that virus expansion is a complex phenomenon, shaped by an intricate interplay between avian host ecology, virus characteristics and environmental variables.
Alice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin; Bram Vrancken; Celia Abolnik; Rose Ademun; Abdou Alassane; Abdelsatar Arafa; Joseph Adongo Awuni; Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann; M.’ Bétiégué Coulibaly; Nicolas Gaidet; Emilie Go-Maro; Tony Joannis; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Germaine Minoungou; Clement Meseko; Maman Moutari Souley; Deo Birungi Ndumu; Ismaila Shittu; Augustin Twabela; Abel Wade; Lidewij Wiersma; Yao P. Akpeli; Gianpiero Zamperin; Adelaide Milani; Philippe Lemey; Isabella Monne. Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -13.
AMA StyleAlice Fusaro, Bianca Zecchin, Bram Vrancken, Celia Abolnik, Rose Ademun, Abdou Alassane, Abdelsatar Arafa, Joseph Adongo Awuni, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, M.’ Bétiégué Coulibaly, Nicolas Gaidet, Emilie Go-Maro, Tony Joannis, Simon Dickmu Jumbo, Germaine Minoungou, Clement Meseko, Maman Moutari Souley, Deo Birungi Ndumu, Ismaila Shittu, Augustin Twabela, Abel Wade, Lidewij Wiersma, Yao P. Akpeli, Gianpiero Zamperin, Adelaide Milani, Philippe Lemey, Isabella Monne. Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin; Bram Vrancken; Celia Abolnik; Rose Ademun; Abdou Alassane; Abdelsatar Arafa; Joseph Adongo Awuni; Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann; M.’ Bétiégué Coulibaly; Nicolas Gaidet; Emilie Go-Maro; Tony Joannis; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Germaine Minoungou; Clement Meseko; Maman Moutari Souley; Deo Birungi Ndumu; Ismaila Shittu; Augustin Twabela; Abel Wade; Lidewij Wiersma; Yao P. Akpeli; Gianpiero Zamperin; Adelaide Milani; Philippe Lemey; Isabella Monne. 2019. "Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-13.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonosis caused by a positive RNA single stranded virus of the Hepeviridae family. In developed countries, pigs and wild boars are the main reservoir for zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4. In spring 2017, for the first time HEV was detected in wild boars captured in the Regional Park of the Euganean Hills, in north-eastern Italy. Phylogenetic analysis of two complete viral genomes and seven partial ORF1 and ORF2 sequences of HEV viruses, selected from twelve positive animals, showed that the viruses grouped together within genotype 3 but clustered separately from previously identified subtypes, thus suggesting the identification of a novel genotype 3 subtype. The phylogenetic analysis of nine partial ORF2 sequences showed the closest similarity with wild boar/human viruses identified in central-northern Italy in 2012. The circulation of HEVs in this area, characterized by a vast man-made environment, an overpopulation of wild boars and >150 swine farms, should be considered in a public health perspective. Further investigations at the wild/domestic species and human interface are therefore necessary to gain a deeper understanding of HEV dynamics.
B. Zecchin; A. Schivo; A. Milani; A. Fusaro; G. Zamperin; L. Bellinati; L. Ceglie; A. Natale; L. Bonfanti; G. Cunial; Federica Obber; I. Di Bartolo; C. Citterio; I. Monne. Identification of a zoonotic genotype 3 hepatitis E subtype in wildlife in north-eastern Italy. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2019, 71, 16 -20.
AMA StyleB. Zecchin, A. Schivo, A. Milani, A. Fusaro, G. Zamperin, L. Bellinati, L. Ceglie, A. Natale, L. Bonfanti, G. Cunial, Federica Obber, I. Di Bartolo, C. Citterio, I. Monne. Identification of a zoonotic genotype 3 hepatitis E subtype in wildlife in north-eastern Italy. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2019; 71 ():16-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Zecchin; A. Schivo; A. Milani; A. Fusaro; G. Zamperin; L. Bellinati; L. Ceglie; A. Natale; L. Bonfanti; G. Cunial; Federica Obber; I. Di Bartolo; C. Citterio; I. Monne. 2019. "Identification of a zoonotic genotype 3 hepatitis E subtype in wildlife in north-eastern Italy." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 71, no. : 16-20.
Information on the population dynamics of a reservoir species have been increasingly adopted to understand and eventually predict the dispersal patterns of infectious diseases throughout an area. Although potentially relevant, to date there are no studies which have investigated the genetic structure of the red fox population in relation to infectious disease dynamics. Therefore, we genetically and spatially characterised the red fox population in the area stretching between the Eastern and Dinaric Alps, which has been affected by both distemper and rabies at different time intervals. Red foxes collected from north-eastern Italy, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia between 2006-2012, were studied using a set of 21 microsatellite markers. We confirmed a weak genetic differentiation within the fox population using Bayesian clustering analyses, and we were able to differentiate the fox population into geographically segregated groups. Our finding might be due to the presence of geographical barriers that have likely influenced the distribution of the fox population, limiting in turn gene flow and spread of infectious diseases. Focusing on the Italian red fox population, we observed interesting variations in the prevalence of both diseases among distinct fox clusters, with the previously identified Italy 1 and Italy 2 rabies as well as distemper viruses preferentially affecting different sub-groups identified in the study. Knowledge of the regional-scale population structure can improve understanding of the epidemiology and spread of diseases. Our study paves the way for an integrated approach for disease control coupling pathogen, host and environmental data to inform targeted control programs in the future.
Bianca Zecchin; Marco De Nardi; Pierre Nouvellet; Cristiano Vernesi; Massimiliano Babbucci; Barbara Crestanello; Zoltán Bagó; Tomislav Bedeković; Peter Hostnik; Adelaide Milani; Christl Ann Donnelly; Luca Bargelloni; Monica Lorenzetto; Carlo Citterio; Federica Obber; Paola De Benedictis; Giovanni Cattoli. Genetic and spatial characterization of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population in the area stretching between the Eastern and Dinaric Alps and its relationship with rabies and canine distemper dynamics. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0213515 .
AMA StyleBianca Zecchin, Marco De Nardi, Pierre Nouvellet, Cristiano Vernesi, Massimiliano Babbucci, Barbara Crestanello, Zoltán Bagó, Tomislav Bedeković, Peter Hostnik, Adelaide Milani, Christl Ann Donnelly, Luca Bargelloni, Monica Lorenzetto, Carlo Citterio, Federica Obber, Paola De Benedictis, Giovanni Cattoli. Genetic and spatial characterization of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population in the area stretching between the Eastern and Dinaric Alps and its relationship with rabies and canine distemper dynamics. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (3):e0213515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianca Zecchin; Marco De Nardi; Pierre Nouvellet; Cristiano Vernesi; Massimiliano Babbucci; Barbara Crestanello; Zoltán Bagó; Tomislav Bedeković; Peter Hostnik; Adelaide Milani; Christl Ann Donnelly; Luca Bargelloni; Monica Lorenzetto; Carlo Citterio; Federica Obber; Paola De Benedictis; Giovanni Cattoli. 2019. "Genetic and spatial characterization of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population in the area stretching between the Eastern and Dinaric Alps and its relationship with rabies and canine distemper dynamics." PLoS ONE 14, no. 3: e0213515.
In early January 2017, outbreaks of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) were reported for the first time in wild and domestic birds along the shores and on some islands of Lake Victoria, in central-southern Uganda. Our whole-genome phylogenetic analyses revealed that the H5N8 viruses recovered from the outbreak in Uganda belonged to genetic clade 2.3.4.4 group-B and clustered with viruses collected in 2017 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in West Africa. Our results suggested that infected migratory wild birds might have played a crucial role in the introduction of HPAI H5N8 into this region.
Deo Ndumu; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Eugene Arinaitwe; Richard Erechu; Eugene Kidega; John Kayiwa; Edward Muwanga; Mukasa Kirumira; Gerald Kirembe; Julius Lutwama; Isabella Monne. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4B virus in Uganda, 2017. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018, 66, 269 -271.
AMA StyleDeo Ndumu, Bianca Zecchin, Alice Fusaro, Eugene Arinaitwe, Richard Erechu, Eugene Kidega, John Kayiwa, Edward Muwanga, Mukasa Kirumira, Gerald Kirembe, Julius Lutwama, Isabella Monne. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4B virus in Uganda, 2017. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2018; 66 ():269-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeo Ndumu; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Eugene Arinaitwe; Richard Erechu; Eugene Kidega; John Kayiwa; Edward Muwanga; Mukasa Kirumira; Gerald Kirembe; Julius Lutwama; Isabella Monne. 2018. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4B virus in Uganda, 2017." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 66, no. : 269-271.
In May 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype A/H5N1 was detected in Cameroon in an industrial poultry farm at Mvog-Betsi, Yaoundé (Centre region), with a recorded sudden increase of deaths among chickens, and an overall mortality rate of 75%. The virus spread further and caused new outbreaks in some parts of the country. In total, 21 outbreaks were confirmed from May 2016 to March 2017 (six in the Centre, six in the West, eight in the South and one in the Adamaoua regions). This resulted in an estimated total loss of 138,252 birds (44,451 deaths due to infection and 93,801 stamped out). Only domestic birds (chickens, ducks and geese) were affected in farms as well as in poultry markets. The outbreaks occurred in three waves, the first from May to June 2016, the second in September 2016 and the last wave in March 2017. The topology of the phylogeny based on the haemagglutinin gene segment indicated that the causative H5N1 viruses fall within the genetic clade 2.3.2.1c, within the same group as the A/H5N1 viruses collected in Niger in 2015 and 2016. More importantly, the gene constellation of four representative viruses showed evidence of H5N1/H9N2 intra-clade reassortment. Additional epidemiological and genetic data from affected countries in West Africa are needed to better trace the origin, spread and evolution of A/H5N1 in Cameroon. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Abel Wade; Taïga Taïga; Mama Andre Fouda; Abari MaiMoussa; Feussom Kameni Jean Marc; Richard Njouom; Marie-Astrid Vernet; Gaston Djonwe; Etoundi Mballa; Jean Phillipe Kazi; Abdou Salla; Robert Nenkam; Rodrigue Poueme Namegni; Hamadou Bamanga; Ndongo K. M. Casimir; Matthew LeBreton; Julius Mbekem Nwobegahay; Alice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin; Adelaide Milani; Meyebe Gaston; Vitalis R. Chepnda; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Abdoulkadiri Souley; Yaya Aboubakar; Zephyrin Fotso Kamnga; Conrad Nkuo; Hamman Atkam; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Lidewij Wiersma; Charles Bebay; Serge Nzietchueng; Tanya Vincent; Cyprien Biaou; Wilfred Mbacham; Isabella Monne; Giovanni Cattoli. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in Cameroon, 2016–2017. Avian Pathology 2018, 47, 559 -575.
AMA StyleAbel Wade, Taïga Taïga, Mama Andre Fouda, Abari MaiMoussa, Feussom Kameni Jean Marc, Richard Njouom, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Gaston Djonwe, Etoundi Mballa, Jean Phillipe Kazi, Abdou Salla, Robert Nenkam, Rodrigue Poueme Namegni, Hamadou Bamanga, Ndongo K. M. Casimir, Matthew LeBreton, Julius Mbekem Nwobegahay, Alice Fusaro, Bianca Zecchin, Adelaide Milani, Meyebe Gaston, Vitalis R. Chepnda, Simon Dickmu Jumbo, Abdoulkadiri Souley, Yaya Aboubakar, Zephyrin Fotso Kamnga, Conrad Nkuo, Hamman Atkam, Gwenaelle Dauphin, Lidewij Wiersma, Charles Bebay, Serge Nzietchueng, Tanya Vincent, Cyprien Biaou, Wilfred Mbacham, Isabella Monne, Giovanni Cattoli. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in Cameroon, 2016–2017. Avian Pathology. 2018; 47 (6):559-575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbel Wade; Taïga Taïga; Mama Andre Fouda; Abari MaiMoussa; Feussom Kameni Jean Marc; Richard Njouom; Marie-Astrid Vernet; Gaston Djonwe; Etoundi Mballa; Jean Phillipe Kazi; Abdou Salla; Robert Nenkam; Rodrigue Poueme Namegni; Hamadou Bamanga; Ndongo K. M. Casimir; Matthew LeBreton; Julius Mbekem Nwobegahay; Alice Fusaro; Bianca Zecchin; Adelaide Milani; Meyebe Gaston; Vitalis R. Chepnda; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Abdoulkadiri Souley; Yaya Aboubakar; Zephyrin Fotso Kamnga; Conrad Nkuo; Hamman Atkam; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Lidewij Wiersma; Charles Bebay; Serge Nzietchueng; Tanya Vincent; Cyprien Biaou; Wilfred Mbacham; Isabella Monne; Giovanni Cattoli. 2018. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in Cameroon, 2016–2017." Avian Pathology 47, no. 6: 559-575.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 spread into West Africa in late 2016 during the autumn bird migration. Genetic characterization of the complete genome of these viruses detected in wild and domestic birds in Cameroon in January 2017 demonstrated the occurrence of multiple virus introductions.
Abel Wade; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Taiga Taiga; Alice Bianco; Poueme N. Rodrigue; Angela Salomoni; Jean Marc Feussom Kameni; Gianpiero Zamperin; Robert Nenkam; Yacouba Foupouapouognigni; Souley Abdoulkadiri; Yaya Aboubakar; Lidewij Wiersma; Giovanni Cattoli; Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Cameroon, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2018, 24, 1367 -1370.
AMA StyleAbel Wade, Simon Dickmu Jumbo, Bianca Zecchin, Alice Fusaro, Taiga Taiga, Alice Bianco, Poueme N. Rodrigue, Angela Salomoni, Jean Marc Feussom Kameni, Gianpiero Zamperin, Robert Nenkam, Yacouba Foupouapouognigni, Souley Abdoulkadiri, Yaya Aboubakar, Lidewij Wiersma, Giovanni Cattoli, Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Cameroon, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018; 24 (7):1367-1370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbel Wade; Simon Dickmu Jumbo; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Taiga Taiga; Alice Bianco; Poueme N. Rodrigue; Angela Salomoni; Jean Marc Feussom Kameni; Gianpiero Zamperin; Robert Nenkam; Yacouba Foupouapouognigni; Souley Abdoulkadiri; Yaya Aboubakar; Lidewij Wiersma; Giovanni Cattoli; Isabella Monne. 2018. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Cameroon, 2017." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 7: 1367-1370.
In 2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus was detected in poultry in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Whole-genome phylogeny showed the virus clustered with H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4B strains from birds in central and southern Asia. Emergence of this virus in central Africa represents a threat for animal health and food security.
Augustin T. Twabela; Georges M. Tshilenge; Yoshiro Sakoda; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Ezekiel Bushu; Philippe Kone; Lidewij Wiersma; Gianpiero Zamperin; Alessandra Drago; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2018, 24, 1371 -1374.
AMA StyleAugustin T. Twabela, Georges M. Tshilenge, Yoshiro Sakoda, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Ezekiel Bushu, Philippe Kone, Lidewij Wiersma, Gianpiero Zamperin, Alessandra Drago, Bianca Zecchin, Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018; 24 (7):1371-1374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugustin T. Twabela; Georges M. Tshilenge; Yoshiro Sakoda; Masatoshi Okamatsu; Ezekiel Bushu; Philippe Kone; Lidewij Wiersma; Gianpiero Zamperin; Alessandra Drago; Bianca Zecchin; Isabella Monne. 2018. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 7: 1371-1374.
Phylogenetic analyses of the complete genomes of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) 2.3.2.1c H5N1 virus strains causing outbreaks in Nigeria's poultry population from 2014 to 2016 showed evidence of distinct co-circulating genotypes and the emergence of reassortant viruses. One of these reassortants became the predominant strain by 2016, and the NA protein of this strain possessed the V96A substitution known to confer reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibiting antiviral drugs. Our findings also demonstrated evolutionary relationships between Nigerian isolates and European and Middle Eastern strains of H5N1 which provides further evidence for the proposed role of migratory birds in spreading the virus, although the involvement of the live poultry trade cannot be excluded. Efforts must be directed towards improving biosecurity and gaining the cooperation of poultry farmers for more effective control of HPAI, in order to mitigate the emergence of HPAI strains in Nigeria with biological properties that are potentially even more dangerous to animals and humans.
Agnes Laleye; Tony Joannis; Ismaila Shittu; Clement Meseko; Gianpiero Zamperin; Adelaide Milani; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Isabella Monne; Celia Abolnik. A two-year monitoring period of the genetic properties of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 viruses in Nigeria reveals the emergence and co-circulation of distinct genotypes. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018, 57, 98 -105.
AMA StyleAgnes Laleye, Tony Joannis, Ismaila Shittu, Clement Meseko, Gianpiero Zamperin, Adelaide Milani, Bianca Zecchin, Alice Fusaro, Isabella Monne, Celia Abolnik. A two-year monitoring period of the genetic properties of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 viruses in Nigeria reveals the emergence and co-circulation of distinct genotypes. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2018; 57 ():98-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnes Laleye; Tony Joannis; Ismaila Shittu; Clement Meseko; Gianpiero Zamperin; Adelaide Milani; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Isabella Monne; Celia Abolnik. 2018. "A two-year monitoring period of the genetic properties of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 viruses in Nigeria reveals the emergence and co-circulation of distinct genotypes." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 57, no. : 98-105.
We identified influenza A(H9N2) virus G1 lineage in poultry in Burkina Faso. Urgent actions are needed to raise awareness about the risk associated with spread of this zoonotic virus subtype in the area and to construct a strategy for effective prevention and control of influenza caused by this virus.
Bianca Zecchin; Germaine Minoungou; Alice Fusaro; Sidi Moctar; Anne Ouedraogo-Kaboré; Alessia Schivo; Annalisa Salviato; Sabrina Marciano; Isabella Monne. Influenza A(H9N2) Virus, Burkina Faso. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2017, 23, 2118 -2119.
AMA StyleBianca Zecchin, Germaine Minoungou, Alice Fusaro, Sidi Moctar, Anne Ouedraogo-Kaboré, Alessia Schivo, Annalisa Salviato, Sabrina Marciano, Isabella Monne. Influenza A(H9N2) Virus, Burkina Faso. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017; 23 (12):2118-2119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianca Zecchin; Germaine Minoungou; Alice Fusaro; Sidi Moctar; Anne Ouedraogo-Kaboré; Alessia Schivo; Annalisa Salviato; Sabrina Marciano; Isabella Monne. 2017. "Influenza A(H9N2) Virus, Burkina Faso." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 12: 2118-2119.
In winter 2016–17, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) and A(H5N5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were identified in wild and domestic birds in Italy. We report the occurrence of multiple introductions and describe the identification in Europe of 2 novel genotypes, generated through multiple reassortment events.
Alice Fusaro; Isabella Monne; Paolo Mulatti; Bianca Zecchin; Lebana Bonfanti; Silvia Ormelli; Adelaide Milani; Krizia Cecchettin; Philippe Lemey; Ana Moreno; Paola Massi; Tiziano Dorotea; Stefano Marangon; Calogero Terregino. Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016–17. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2017, 23, 1543 -1547.
AMA StyleAlice Fusaro, Isabella Monne, Paolo Mulatti, Bianca Zecchin, Lebana Bonfanti, Silvia Ormelli, Adelaide Milani, Krizia Cecchettin, Philippe Lemey, Ana Moreno, Paola Massi, Tiziano Dorotea, Stefano Marangon, Calogero Terregino. Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016–17. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017; 23 (9):1543-1547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Fusaro; Isabella Monne; Paolo Mulatti; Bianca Zecchin; Lebana Bonfanti; Silvia Ormelli; Adelaide Milani; Krizia Cecchettin; Philippe Lemey; Ana Moreno; Paola Massi; Tiziano Dorotea; Stefano Marangon; Calogero Terregino. 2017. "Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016–17." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 9: 1543-1547.
After the H7N7 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza (AI) outbreak in 2013, and a single case of H5N8 HPAI in 2014, in April 2016, a H7N7 HPAI virus was detected in northeastern Italy. The case occurred in an organic free-range laying hen farm located in proximity with one of the highest densely populated poultry areas (DPPAs) in Italy. Control measures provided by the Council of the European Union in directive 2005/94/CE were promptly applied, and enhanced surveillance activities were implemented in the DPPAs. On May 16, 2016, a second case was confirmed in a fattening turkey farm within the protection zone of the previous outbreak. Following an epidemiologic inquiry, another turkey farm was considered at risk of transmission and was subjected to preemptive culling. Epidemiologic data and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus was likely introduced from wild birds as a low pathogenicity AI strain, through direct contact. The rapid containment of the outbreak proves the level of preparedness of the veterinary public health sector in Italy. Nevertheless, the recurrent introductions from wild birds indicate the need of improving both the biosecurity levels in the DPPA and the surveillance activities in wild birds to quickly detect the presence of AI in the territory. RESUMEN Reporte de caso- Influenza aviar altamente patógena H7N7 en granjas avícolas en Italia en el 2016. En abril del 2016, después del brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena H7N7 en el año 2013 y un solo caso de influenza aviar altamente patógena H5N8 en el 2014, se detectó un virus de alta patogenicidad H7N7 en el noreste de Italia. El caso se presentó en una granja de gallinas ponedoras orgánicas situada en proximidad con una de las áreas avícolas más densamente pobladas en Italia. Las medidas de control previstas por el Consejo de la Unión Europea en la Directiva 2005/94/CE se aplicaron rápidamente y se implementaron actividades de vigilancia incrementada en las zonas avícolas altamente pobladas. El 16 de mayo del 2016, se confirmó un segundo caso en una granja de engorde de pavo dentro de la zona de protección del brote anterior. Después de una investigación epidemiológica, otra granja de pavos se consideró en riesgo de transmisión y fue sometida a sacrificio preventivo. Los datos epidemiológicos y los análisis filogenéticos indicaron que el virus probablemente se introdujo de aves silvestres como una cepa de baja patogenicidad de influenza aviar, a través del contacto directo. La rápida contención del brote demuestra el nivel de preparación del sector sanitario veterinario en Italia. Sin embargo, las introducciones recurrentes de aves silvestres indican la necesidad de mejorar tanto los niveles de bioseguridad en las zonas avícolas altamente pobladas como las actividades de vigilancia en aves silvestres para detectar rápidamente la presencia de influenza aviar en el territorio.
P. Mulatti; Bianca Zecchin; I. Monne; J. T. Vieira; T. Dorotea; Calogero Terregino; M. Lorenzetto; L. Loli Piccolomini; A. Santi; P. Massi; L. Bonfanti; Stefano Marangon. H7N7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry Farms in Italy in 2016. Avian Diseases 2017, 61, 261 -266.
AMA StyleP. Mulatti, Bianca Zecchin, I. Monne, J. T. Vieira, T. Dorotea, Calogero Terregino, M. Lorenzetto, L. Loli Piccolomini, A. Santi, P. Massi, L. Bonfanti, Stefano Marangon. H7N7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry Farms in Italy in 2016. Avian Diseases. 2017; 61 (2):261-266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Mulatti; Bianca Zecchin; I. Monne; J. T. Vieira; T. Dorotea; Calogero Terregino; M. Lorenzetto; L. Loli Piccolomini; A. Santi; P. Massi; L. Bonfanti; Stefano Marangon. 2017. "H7N7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry Farms in Italy in 2016." Avian Diseases 61, no. 2: 261-266.
We report the phylogenetic analysis of the first outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus detected in Lebanon from poultry in April 2016. Our whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the Lebanese H5N1 virus belongs to genetic clade 2.3.2.1c and clusters with viruses from Europe and West Africa. RESUMEN Reporte de caso- Virus de la influenza aviar altamente patógena H5N1 Clado 2.3.2.1c en el Líbano, en el año 2016 Se presenta el análisis filogenético del primer brote del virus de influenza aviar altamente patógena H5N1 detectado en avicultura en el Líbano en abril del 2016. El análisis de secuenciación de todo el genoma reveló que el virus H5N1 libanés pertenece al clado genético 2.3.2.1c y se agrupó con virus de Europa y África Occidental.
Ali El Romeh; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Elias Ibrahim; Bassel El Bazzal; Jeanne El Hage; Adelaide Milani; Gianpiero Zamperin; Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c Virus in Lebanon, 2016. Avian Diseases 2017, 61, 271 -273.
AMA StyleAli El Romeh, Bianca Zecchin, Alice Fusaro, Elias Ibrahim, Bassel El Bazzal, Jeanne El Hage, Adelaide Milani, Gianpiero Zamperin, Isabella Monne. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c Virus in Lebanon, 2016. Avian Diseases. 2017; 61 (2):271-273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli El Romeh; Bianca Zecchin; Alice Fusaro; Elias Ibrahim; Bassel El Bazzal; Jeanne El Hage; Adelaide Milani; Gianpiero Zamperin; Isabella Monne. 2017. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c Virus in Lebanon, 2016." Avian Diseases 61, no. 2: 271-273.
Aethina tumida (small hive beetle, SHB) was first detected in September 2014 in Calabria region, southern Italy, and in a single apiary in Sicily in November 2014. In September 2015, SHB was again recorded in Calabria, and in 2016, only sentinel honey bee nucleus colonies were found to be infested. Its phylogenetic relationship and possible origin were investigated comparing the cox1 sequences with the corresponding region available in the GenBank database. The neighbour-joining method revealed that the first Italian specimen belonged to a group also containing an African specimen from Cameroon. The Italian specimens differ from the SHBs spread worldwide and are split into two different groups: group B1 includes the AfricCam3 sequence and the first SHB identified in Calabria; group B2 includes specimens from Calabria and the only one from Sicily which share identical cox1 sequences. SHB in Italy appears to have been introduced from Africa and includes independent or contemporary incursions in the two concerned regions. The most likely scenario is that SHB was introduced into Calabria followed by man-mediated migration to Sicily.
Anna Granato; Bianca Zecchin; Chiara Baratto; Veronique Duquesne; Enrico Negrisolo; Marie-Pierre Chauzat; Magali Ribière-Chabert; Giovanni Cattoli; Franco Mutinelli. Introduction of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in the regions of Calabria and Sicily (southern Italy). Apidologie 2016, 48, 194 -203.
AMA StyleAnna Granato, Bianca Zecchin, Chiara Baratto, Veronique Duquesne, Enrico Negrisolo, Marie-Pierre Chauzat, Magali Ribière-Chabert, Giovanni Cattoli, Franco Mutinelli. Introduction of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in the regions of Calabria and Sicily (southern Italy). Apidologie. 2016; 48 (2):194-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Granato; Bianca Zecchin; Chiara Baratto; Veronique Duquesne; Enrico Negrisolo; Marie-Pierre Chauzat; Magali Ribière-Chabert; Giovanni Cattoli; Franco Mutinelli. 2016. "Introduction of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in the regions of Calabria and Sicily (southern Italy)." Apidologie 48, no. 2: 194-203.
The Non-structural 1 (NS1) protein of avian influenza (AI) viruses is important for pathogenicity. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized tandem PDZ-ligand (TPL) domain in the extreme carboxy terminus of NS1 proteins from a subset of globally circulating AI viruses. By using protein arrays we have identified several human PDZ-cellular ligands of this novel domain, one of which is the RIL protein, a known regulator of the cellular tyrosine kinase Src. We found that the AI NS1 proteins bind and stimulate human Src tyrosine kinase, through their carboxy terminal Src homology type 3-binding (SHB) domain. The physical interaction between NS1 and Src and the ability of AI viruses to modulate the phosphorylation status of Src during the infection, were found to be influenced by the TPL arrangement. These results indicate the potential for novel host-pathogen interactions mediated by the TPL and SHB domains of AI NS1 protein.
Laura Bavagnoli; William G. Dundon; Anna Garbelli; Bianca Zecchin; Adelaide Milani; Geetha Parakkal; Fausto Baldanti; Stefania Paolucci; Romain Volmer; Yizeng Tu; Chuanyue Wu; Ilaria Capua; Giovanni Maga. The PDZ-Ligand and Src-Homology Type 3 Domains of Epidemic Avian Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Modulate Human Src Kinase Activity during Viral Infection. PLOS ONE 2011, 6, e27789 .
AMA StyleLaura Bavagnoli, William G. Dundon, Anna Garbelli, Bianca Zecchin, Adelaide Milani, Geetha Parakkal, Fausto Baldanti, Stefania Paolucci, Romain Volmer, Yizeng Tu, Chuanyue Wu, Ilaria Capua, Giovanni Maga. The PDZ-Ligand and Src-Homology Type 3 Domains of Epidemic Avian Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Modulate Human Src Kinase Activity during Viral Infection. PLOS ONE. 2011; 6 (11):e27789.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bavagnoli; William G. Dundon; Anna Garbelli; Bianca Zecchin; Adelaide Milani; Geetha Parakkal; Fausto Baldanti; Stefania Paolucci; Romain Volmer; Yizeng Tu; Chuanyue Wu; Ilaria Capua; Giovanni Maga. 2011. "The PDZ-Ligand and Src-Homology Type 3 Domains of Epidemic Avian Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Modulate Human Src Kinase Activity during Viral Infection." PLOS ONE 6, no. 11: e27789.