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This paper presents the results of measuring the final energy consumption for heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation and indoor conditions in 15 apartments located in pre-war tenement houses. The measurements were compared to the computed energy consumption. The calculations ware made based on the model calibrated by field measurements. The discrepancies between measurements and calculations were assessed using the energy performance gap (EPG). Calculations were made separately for energy for heating and for DHW preparation. Additionally, the results of EPG calculations for different levels of analysis are presented aiming at assessing the impact of weather, temperature in the surrounding zones and users’ behavior. Users’ behaviors influencing the size of the EPG were divided into typical (energy saving or excessive energy consumption) and forced (energy poverty, response to the apartment’s surroundings, technical limitations. The connection between the heating sources and the heating habits has been clearly observed in the research. The former (typical) behaviors were the origin of the energy gap in the apartments heated with natural gas and district heating. The latter (forced) were the origin of the gap in the apartments heated with mostly electricity and solid fuel (with one exception: one apartment that utilized the district heating).
Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Ewelina Stefanowicz; Krzysztof Piechurski; Agnieszka Chmielewska; Marek Kowalczyk. Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements. Energies 2020, 13, 6707 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, Ewelina Stefanowicz, Krzysztof Piechurski, Agnieszka Chmielewska, Marek Kowalczyk. Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Ewelina Stefanowicz; Krzysztof Piechurski; Agnieszka Chmielewska; Marek Kowalczyk. 2020. "Impact of Users’ Behavior and Real Weather Conditions on the Energy Consumption of Tenement Houses in Wroclaw, Poland: Energy Performance Gap Simulation Based on a Model Calibrated by Field Measurements." Energies 13, no. 24: 6707.
Magdalena Baborska-Narozny; Malgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Martyna Mokrzecka; Agnieszka Chmielewska; Natalia Fidorow-Kaprawy; Ewelina Stefanowicz; Krzysztof Piechurski; Marta Laska. Climate justice: air quality and transitions from solid fuel heating. Buildings and Cities 2020, 1, 120 -140.
AMA StyleMagdalena Baborska-Narozny, Malgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, Martyna Mokrzecka, Agnieszka Chmielewska, Natalia Fidorow-Kaprawy, Ewelina Stefanowicz, Krzysztof Piechurski, Marta Laska. Climate justice: air quality and transitions from solid fuel heating. Buildings and Cities. 2020; 1 (1):120-140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Baborska-Narozny; Malgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Martyna Mokrzecka; Agnieszka Chmielewska; Natalia Fidorow-Kaprawy; Ewelina Stefanowicz; Krzysztof Piechurski; Marta Laska. 2020. "Climate justice: air quality and transitions from solid fuel heating." Buildings and Cities 1, no. 1: 120-140.
The energy efficiency of air-to-water heat pump operating in an actual heating installation depends on many factors. In order to create a reliable model of the unit, it is necessary to include as many of them as possible. Unfortunately, the most common data provided by heat pump manufacturers are based on tests performed in accordance with the EN 14511 standard [1]. These tests are performed in steady-state conditions and do not provide reliable information on the impact of dynamic effects on the energy efficiency of the device. The solution may be the tests in quasi-dynamic conditions. The article presents the possibility of creating the characteristics of an air-to-water heat pumps based on operational data. The accuracy of the created model has been compared with the characteristics resulting from measurements in steady state conditions. It has been confirmed that dynamic test data, after proper selection, will allow to determine the characteristics of repeatable parameters and this can be an alternative to tests performed in fixed conditions.
Krzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa. Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency for an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 100, 00065 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Piechurski, Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa. Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency for an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 100 ():00065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa. 2019. "Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency for an air-to-water heat pump." E3S Web of Conferences 100, no. : 00065.
Operating in part-load conditions significantly affects the energy efficiency of the air-to-water heat pumps. The currently used method of testing the devices does not provide the necessary data for estimating the degradation of the device’s efficiency in part-load operating mode. The value of the degradation coefficient Cc = 0.9 adopted in accordance with the EN 14825 standard is generally used. However, this value often does not reflect the actual degree of the COP reduction. Hence the new quasi-dynamic model and the calculation approach to the degradation coefficient were proposed. The model reflects the real and overall reduction between the full and part-load COP, not only the energy consumption in the stand-by mode. The estimation was made using the field measurement data of the air-to-water heat pump supplying heat to the low temperature installation. It has been proved that the determination of the main parameter is possible using a relatively small amount of data without losing an accuracy.
Krzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Jan Danielewicz. Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency degradation coefficient for an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 44, 00139 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Piechurski, Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, Jan Danielewicz. Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency degradation coefficient for an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 44 ():00139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Jan Danielewicz. 2018. "Quasi-dynamic model of the energy efficiency degradation coefficient for an air-to-water heat pump." E3S Web of Conferences 44, no. : 00139.
E3S Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in environment, energy and earth sciences
Krzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Jan Danielewicz. The impact of the work under partial load on the energy efficiency of an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences 2017, 17, 00072 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Piechurski, Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, Jan Danielewicz. The impact of the work under partial load on the energy efficiency of an air-to-water heat pump. E3S Web of Conferences. 2017; 17 ():00072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Piechurski; Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa; Jan Danielewicz. 2017. "The impact of the work under partial load on the energy efficiency of an air-to-water heat pump." E3S Web of Conferences 17, no. : 00072.