The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of active and passive smoking on cardiorespiratory responses in asymptomatic adults during a sub-maximal-exertion incremental test.

A series of α-amino acid-derived 1,2,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesized via an easy, inexpensive and one-pot protocol. The heterocycles were obtained in good yields and in relatively short reaction times.

The microalgae Desmodesmus subspicatus (Chlorophyta) was cultivated in a tubular photobioreactor using effluent from the wastewater treatment plant of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil to demonstrate the reactor's operation. The algae's ability to remove nutrients from wastewater and the oleaginous potential of the algae's biomass were also evaluated. Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were measured. The photobioreactor consisted of a system of three acrylic tubes, a reservoir, connections and a CO₂ supply. The gas supply was semicontinuous with CO₂ added from a cylinder. The culture's growth was estimated from cell numbers counted on a daily basis. Lipid content in the biomass was analysed using gas chromatography. A maximum cell density of 9.11×10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ and a dry weight of 234.00 mg L⁻¹ were obtained during cultivation without CO₂, and these values rose to 42.48×10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ and 1277.44 mg L⁻¹, respectively, when CO₂ was added to the cultivation. Differences in the quality of the effluent and the presence of CO₂ did not result in different lipid profiles. The presence of palmitic acid and oleic acid was notable. The average extracted oil content was 18% and 12% for cultivation with and without the input of CO₂, respectively.