This paper presents a new stochastic methodology for evaluating and quantifying the downtime of a structure in terms of a family of fragilities that represent the probability of exceeding prescribed times to return to functionality. This methodology integrates several existing concepts, namely, Federal Emergency Management Agency P-58 and Resilience-based Earthquake Design Initiative (REDi), to build a family of system (building) level fragility curves corresponding to the time needed to achieve different recovery levels (reoccupancy, functional recovery, and full recovery). This approach enables one to propagate uncertainty throughout the procedure so that variations in the delay time and repair schedules are accounted for in the resulting fragilities. As an illustrative example of this approach, the methodology is applied to assess the downtime of a two-story mass timber building that was originally tested at the [email protected] outdoor shake table in 2017. One unique aspect of this analysis is that it incorporates a relatively new material, cross-laminated timber (CLT), in a resilient posttension rocking wall design application. Nonstructural components representing a typical office building were selected and incorporated into the procedure for the two-story CLT rocking wall building. Time-to-functionality fragility curves are then developed for the two-story building, and potential design and resilience-focused applications are discussed.
13 January 2021 in Journal of Earthquake Engineering
Bidirectional quasi-static cyclic loading was applied to a subassembly of drywall partition walls integrated with cross-laminated timber rocking walls. Details aimed to reduce seismic damage to the partition walls were investigated, such as slip connections of partition walls to the diaphragm and gap detailing for the wall intersections. Telescoping detailing eliminated damage to the framing at the wall ends compared to traditional slip-track detailing. The distributed gap wall delayed the damage to about 1% inter-story drift. In the corner gap wall, the sacrificial corner bead opened up at low drifts (0.43%), but the wall was damage-free until more than a 2% drift.
In this paper, application of Endurance Time (ET) method in nonlinear seismic analysis of off shore pile supported systems has been studied. The ET method is a time-history analysis in which structures are subjected to intensifying arti cial acceleration functions. The ET method reduces complexity and computational demand of conventional nonlinear seismic analysis, and it provides response at di erent seismic levels in a single ET analysis. The aforementioned methodology has been applied to a typical model of single pileand then to a functional jacket o shore platform in Persian Gulf region. Seismic response of aforesaid models by ET method has been compared with conventional time-history method. The results indicate that ET method is reliable in capturing seismic response of off shore platforms supported on piles with an acceptable accuracy.
Preliminary observations of Phase I testing of a subassembly of nonstructural drywall partition walls integrated with cross-laminated timber (CLT) rocking walls are reported. In this phase, the slip behavior of two straight drywall partition walls (without return walls) – one with conventional slip-track detailing and the other with telescoping detailing – was examined. These drywall partition walls were tested under a bidirectional loading protocol, which allowed for systematic evaluation of the effect of out of plane drift on the in-plane resistance of the drywall partition walls. Preliminary conclusions are that the telescoping detailing performs better since it eliminates damage to the framing, such as detachment of end studs that causes bending of the end studs and damage to the track. Moreover, the out-of-plane drift had a negligible effect on the in-plane resistance.