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Oussama M. El-Kadri
Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE

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Journal article
Published: 18 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Two novel nitrogen-rich aminal linked porous organic polymers, NRAPOP-O and NRAPOP-S, have been prepared using a single step-one pot Schiff-base condensation reaction of 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)benzene and 2-furaldehyde or 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, respectively. The two polymers show excellent thermal and physiochemical stabilities and possess high porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 692 and 803 m2 g−1 for NRAPOP-O and NRAPOP-S, respectively. Because of such porosity, attractive chemical and physical properties, and the availability of redox-active sites and physical environment, the NRAPOPs were able to effectively remove Cr(VI) from solution, reduce it to Cr(III), and simultaneously release it into the solution. The efficiency of the adsorption process was assessed under various influencing factors such as pH, contact time, polymer dosage, and initial concentration of Cr(VI). At the optimum conditions, 100% removal of Cr(VI) was achieved, with simultaneous reduction and release of Cr(III) by NRAPOP-O with 80% efficiency. Moreover, the polymers can be easily regenerated by the addition of reducing agents such as hydrazine without significant loss in the detoxication of Cr(VI).

ACS Style

Muhammad Sabri; Ziad Sara; Mohammad Al-Sayah; Taleb Ibrahim; Mustafa Khamis; Oussama El-Kadri. Simultaneous Adsorption and Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Solution Using Nitrogen-Rich Aminal Linked Porous Organic Polymers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 923 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Sabri, Ziad Sara, Mohammad Al-Sayah, Taleb Ibrahim, Mustafa Khamis, Oussama El-Kadri. Simultaneous Adsorption and Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Solution Using Nitrogen-Rich Aminal Linked Porous Organic Polymers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Sabri; Ziad Sara; Mohammad Al-Sayah; Taleb Ibrahim; Mustafa Khamis; Oussama El-Kadri. 2021. "Simultaneous Adsorption and Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Aqueous Solution Using Nitrogen-Rich Aminal Linked Porous Organic Polymers." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 923.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Scientific Reports
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A novel triazene-anthracene-based fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer (TALPOP) was prepared via metal free-Schiff base polycondensation reaction of 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)anthracene and 2-furaldehyde. The polymer has exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities and exhibit good porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 401 m2g−1. The combination of such porosity along with the highly conjugated heteroatom-rich framework enabled the polymer to exhibit exceptional iodine vapor uptake of up to 314 wt % and reversible iodine adsorption in solution. Because of the inclusion of the anthracene moieties, the TALPOP exhibited excellent detection sensitivity towards iodine via florescence quenching with Ksv value of 2.9 × 103 L mol−1. The cost effective TALPOP along with its high uptake and sensing of iodine, make it an ideal material for environmental remediation.

ACS Style

Muhammad A. Sabri; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Susan Sen; Taleb H. Ibrahim; Oussama M. El-Kadri. Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Muhammad A. Sabri, Mohammad H. Al-Sayah, Susan Sen, Taleb H. Ibrahim, Oussama M. El-Kadri. Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad A. Sabri; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Susan Sen; Taleb H. Ibrahim; Oussama M. El-Kadri. 2020. "Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-11.

Polymers and biopolymers
Published: 05 May 2020 in Journal of Materials Science
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Development of multifunctional porous organic polymers containing heteroatoms is of significant importance for practical environmental applications including sequestering of greenhouse gasses, radioactive nucleotides, and heavy metals ions. In this work, two nitrogen-rich aminal-linked luminescent porous organic polymers (NRAPOP-1 and NRAPOP-2) bearing anthracene moiety were successfully synthesized by reacting 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)anthracene with 1,4-dibenzaldehyde or thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbaldehyde through one-pot Schiff base condensation reaction. NRAPOP-1 and NRAPOP-2 exhibit permanent porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 544 m2 g−1 and 424 m2 g−1, respectively. Structural analysis, elemental composition, thermal stability, and morphology studies were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The two newly synthesized polymers showed excellent adsorption of iodine vapor with an uptake of up to 281 wt.% at 80 °C and 1 bar, which is among the highest value reported to date for aminal-linked porous organic polymers. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopic investigations of aqueous suspensions of the NRAPOPs revealed selective fluorescence quenching by metal ions with high sensitivity for Fe3+ ions. The strategy of constructing highly porous organic polymers by linking heteroatom-rich building blocks that also comprise luminescent moieties should pave the way for the preparation of novel materials for multienvironmental applications.

ACS Style

Susan Sen; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Mohammed S. Mohammed; Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun; Oussama M. El-Kadri. Multifunctional nitrogen-rich aminal-linked luminescent porous organic polymers for iodine enrichment and selective detection of Fe3+ ions. Journal of Materials Science 2020, 55, 10896 -10909.

AMA Style

Susan Sen, Mohammad H. Al-Sayah, Mohammed S. Mohammed, Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun, Oussama M. El-Kadri. Multifunctional nitrogen-rich aminal-linked luminescent porous organic polymers for iodine enrichment and selective detection of Fe3+ ions. Journal of Materials Science. 2020; 55 (24):10896-10909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susan Sen; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Mohammed S. Mohammed; Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun; Oussama M. El-Kadri. 2020. "Multifunctional nitrogen-rich aminal-linked luminescent porous organic polymers for iodine enrichment and selective detection of Fe3+ ions." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 24: 10896-10909.

Research article
Published: 14 November 2018 in ACS Omega
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A novel luminescent azo-linked polymer (ALP) has been constructed from 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-aminophenyl)pyrene using a copper(I)-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling reaction. The polymer displays high porosity with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 1259 m2 g-1 and narrow pore size distribution (1.06 nm) and is able to take up a significant amount of CO2 (2.89 mmol g-1) at 298 K and 1.00 bar with a high isosteric heat of adsorption of 27.5 kJ mol-1. Selectivity studies applying the ideal adsorbed solution theory revealed that the novel polymer has moderately good selectivities for CO2/N2 (55.1) and CO2/CH4 (10.9). Furthermore, the ALP shows fluorescence quenching in the presence of Hg2+, Pb2+, Tl+, and Al3+ ions. Compared with these ions, the ALP showed no sensitivity to light metal ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+ in ethanol-water solution, clearly indicating the high selectivity of the ALP toward heavy metal ions. The exceptional physiochemical stability, high porosity, and strong luminescence make this polymer an excellent candidate as a fluorescent chemical sensor for the detection of heavy metal ions.

ACS Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Ruaa M. Almotawa; Ravi K. Arvapally; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Mohammad A. Omary; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Pyrene Bearing Azo-Functionalized Porous Nanofibers for CO2 Separation and Toxic Metal Cation Sensing. ACS Omega 2018, 3, 15510 -15518.

AMA Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri, Tsemre-Dingel Tessema, Ruaa M. Almotawa, Ravi K. Arvapally, Mohammad H. Al-Sayah, Mohammad A. Omary, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Pyrene Bearing Azo-Functionalized Porous Nanofibers for CO2 Separation and Toxic Metal Cation Sensing. ACS Omega. 2018; 3 (11):15510-15518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Ruaa M. Almotawa; Ravi K. Arvapally; Mohammad H. Al-Sayah; Mohammad A. Omary; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2018. "Pyrene Bearing Azo-Functionalized Porous Nanofibers for CO2 Separation and Toxic Metal Cation Sensing." ACS Omega 3, no. 11: 15510-15518.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Polyhedron
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Treatment of anhydrous dichloro(dioxido)molybdenum with one equivalent of (1,3-di-tert-butylpyrazolato)potassium in toluene at room temperature followed by the addition of (1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)lithium or (1,3-diisopropylacetamidinato)lithium afforded MoO2(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(3,5-tBu2pz) and MoO2(iPrNC(Me)NiPr)(3,5-tBu2pz), where 3,5-tBu2pz = 1,3-di-tert-butylpyrazolato in 53% and 32% yields, respectively. The two complexes were characterized by the use of analytical and spectral methods. X-ray crystal structure determination of both complexes revealed η2-coordination of the amidinate and pyrazolate ligands and adopt pseudo octahedral geometry. These complexes sublime at a temperature range of 100-120 oC and 0.05 Torr with about 30% residue and therefore are potential precursors for the deposition of molybdenum-containing thin films using atomic layer deposition technique. Moreover, both complexes are able to oxidize triphenylphospine when added in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts to toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide solvents, respectively.

ACS Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri; Ameer A. Siddique; Matthew Eaton; Naba K. Nath. Synthesis and characterization of two dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes bearing amidinato and pyrazolato ligands and their use in thin film growth and oxygen atom transfer reactions. Polyhedron 2018, 147, 36 -41.

AMA Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri, Ameer A. Siddique, Matthew Eaton, Naba K. Nath. Synthesis and characterization of two dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes bearing amidinato and pyrazolato ligands and their use in thin film growth and oxygen atom transfer reactions. Polyhedron. 2018; 147 ():36-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M. El-Kadri; Ameer A. Siddique; Matthew Eaton; Naba K. Nath. 2018. "Synthesis and characterization of two dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes bearing amidinato and pyrazolato ligands and their use in thin film growth and oxygen atom transfer reactions." Polyhedron 147, no. : 36-41.

Research article
Published: 19 April 2018 in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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The use of fossil fuels for energy production is accompanied by carbon dioxide release into the environment causing catastrophic climate changes. Meanwhile, replacing fossil fuels with carbon-free nuclear energy has the potential to release radioactive iodine during nuclear waste processing and in case of a nuclear accident. Therefore, developing efficient adsorbents for carbon dioxide and iodine capture is of great importance. Two nitrogen-rich porous polymers (NRPPs) derived from 4-bis-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5,-triazine)-benzene building block were prepared and tested for use in CO2 and I2 capture. Copolymerization of 1,4-bis-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5,-triazine)-benzene with terephthalaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene in DMSO at 180 oC afforded highly porous NRPP-1 (SABET = 1579 m2 g-1) and NRPP-2 (SABET = 1028 m2 g-1), respectively. The combination of high nitrogen content, π-electron conjugated structure, and microporosity makes NRPPs very effective in CO2 uptake and I2 capture. NRPPs exhibit high CO2 uptakes (NRPP-1, 6.1 mmol g-1) and (NRPP-2, 7.06 mmol g-1) at 273 K and 1.0 bar. The 7.06 mmol g-1 CO2 uptake by NRPP-2 is the second highest value reported to date for porous organic polymers. According to vapor iodine uptake studies, the polymers display high capacity and rapid reversible uptake-release for I2 (NRPP-1, 192 wt. %) and (NRPP-2: 222 wt. %). Our studies show that the green nature (metal-free) of NRPPs and their effective capture of CO2 and I2 make this class of porous materials promising for environmental remediation.

ACS Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Fatema Akthar Choudhury; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Nitrogen-Rich Porous Polymers for Carbon Dioxide and Iodine Sequestration for Environmental Remediation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10, 16049 -16058.

AMA Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty, Tsemre-Dingel Tessema, Fatema Akthar Choudhury, Oussama M. El-Kadri, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Nitrogen-Rich Porous Polymers for Carbon Dioxide and Iodine Sequestration for Environmental Remediation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2018; 10 (18):16049-16058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Fatema Akthar Choudhury; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2018. "Nitrogen-Rich Porous Polymers for Carbon Dioxide and Iodine Sequestration for Environmental Remediation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 18: 16049-16058.

Research article
Published: 09 October 2017 in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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Development of efficient sorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from flue gas or its removal from natural gas and landfill gas is very important for environmental protection. A new series of heteroatom doped porous carbon was synthesized directly from pyrazole/KOH by thermolysis. The resulting pyrazole-derived carbons (PYDCs) are highly doped with nitrogen (14.9-15.5 wt. %) as a result of the high nitrogen to carbon ratio in pyrazole (43 wt. %) and also have high oxygen content (16.4-18.4 wt. %). PYDCs have high surface area (SABET = 1266-2013 m2 g-1), high CO2 Qst (33.2-37.1 kJ mol-1), and a combination of mesoporous and microporous pores. PYDCs exhibit significantly high CO2 uptakes that reach 2.15 mmol g-1 and 6.06 mmol g-1 at 0.15 and 1 bar, respectively, at 298 K. At 273 K, the CO2 uptake improves to 3.7 mmol g-1 and 8.59 mmol g-1 at 0.15 and 1 bar, respectively. The reported porous carbons also show significantly high adsorption selectivity for CO2/N2 (128) and CO2/CH4 (13.4) according to Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory calculations at 298 K. Gas breakthrough studies of CO2/N2 (10:90) at 298 K showed that PYDCs display excellent separation properties. The ability to tailor the physical properties of PYDCs as well as their chemical composition provides an effective strategy for designing efficient CO2 sorbents.

ACS Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Nazgol Norouzi; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Joseph Turner; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Effective Approach for Increasing the Heteroatom Doping Levels of Porous Carbons for Superior CO2 Capture and Separation Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9, 35802 -35810.

AMA Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty, Tsemre-Dingel Tessema, Nazgol Norouzi, Oussama M. El-Kadri, Joseph Turner, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Effective Approach for Increasing the Heteroatom Doping Levels of Porous Carbons for Superior CO2 Capture and Separation Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017; 9 (41):35802-35810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yomna H. Abdelmoaty; Tsemre-Dingel Tessema; Nazgol Norouzi; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Joseph Turner; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2017. "Effective Approach for Increasing the Heteroatom Doping Levels of Porous Carbons for Superior CO2 Capture and Separation Performance." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 41: 35802-35810.

Book chapter
Published: 05 May 2017 in Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry
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Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the targeted synthesis of porous organic polymers (POPs) and their use in gas storage and separation. POPs are prepared by versatile synthetic avenues from purely organic building blocks and can be tailored to possess specific textural and chemical properties to enhance their performance. This chapter provides an overview of the synthesis strategies for preparing highly porous POPs with special emphasis on the design and functionalization of the frameworks at the molecular level for improved gas storage like hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. In addition, the performance of POPs in carbon dioxide separation from nitrogen and methane is discussed. The chemical composition and physical properties of POPs can be controlled by both pre-synthesis and post-synthesis modification steps. The resultant functionalized networks enable effective gas separation which is very important for natural gas purification and mitigating CO2 release to the atmosphere. Finally, we present the current challenges and opportunities in the development and use of POPs.

ACS Style

Pezhman Arab; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Chapter 11. Designing Functional Porous Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation. Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry 2017, 388 -411.

AMA Style

Pezhman Arab, Oussama M. El-Kadri, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Chapter 11. Designing Functional Porous Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation. Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry. 2017; ():388-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pezhman Arab; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2017. "Chapter 11. Designing Functional Porous Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation." Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry , no. : 388-411.

Research article
Published: 03 February 2016 in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Controlled postsynthetic nitration of NPOF-1, a nanoporous organic framework constructed by nickel(0)-catalyzed Yamamoto coupling of 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene, has been performed and is proven to be a promising route to introduce nitro groups and to convert mesopores to micropores without compromising surface area. Reduction of the nitro groups yields aniline-like amine-functionalized NPOF-1-NH2 that has a micropore volume of 0.48 cm3 g–1, which corresponds to 71% of the total pore volume and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1535 m2 g–1. Adequate basicity of the amine functionalities leads to modest isosteric heats of adsorption for CO2, which allow for high regenerability. The unique combination of high surface area, microporous structure, and amine-functionalized pore walls enables NPOF-1-NH2 to have remarkable CO2 working capacity values for removal from landfill gas and flue gas. The performance of NPOF-1-NH2 in CO2 removal ranks among the best by porous organic materials.

ACS Style

Timur Islamoglu; Tong Kim; Zafer Kahveci; Oussama M El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Systematic Postsynthetic Modification of Nanoporous Organic Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Capture from Flue Gas and Landfill Gas. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120, 2592 -2599.

AMA Style

Timur Islamoglu, Tong Kim, Zafer Kahveci, Oussama M El-Kadri, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Systematic Postsynthetic Modification of Nanoporous Organic Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Capture from Flue Gas and Landfill Gas. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2016; 120 (5):2592-2599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Timur Islamoglu; Tong Kim; Zafer Kahveci; Oussama M El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2016. "Systematic Postsynthetic Modification of Nanoporous Organic Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Capture from Flue Gas and Landfill Gas." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 5: 2592-2599.

Review
Published: 01 July 2014 in Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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In the last decade, gold and silver nanomaterials have received considerable attention due to their attractive electronic and chemical properties and their potential applications in the development of new technologies. Recent advances in the study of various gold and silver nanomaterials have led to their utilization in a number of very important applications including biosensing, diagnostic imaging, and cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review surveys the various synthetic methods of gold and silver nanomaterials. Recent experimental studies focusing on the use of gold and silver nanomaterials in catalysis, food industry, and environmental conservation are also reviewed. This review also highlights the advantages of gold and silver nanomaterials in the development of fluorescence biosensors, glucose biosensors, nucleic acids-based biosensors, and protein-based biosensors. Moreover, the potent in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial and cyto-genotoxic effects of various gold and silver nanomaterials are underlined. Finally, recent advances in the employment of gold and silver nanomaterials as effective drug delivery vehicles and promising cancer therapeutic agents are summarized. Despite their use in remediating numerous medical and health-related conditions, the efficacy and safety of many gold and silver nanomaterials is still under some scrutiny. Needless to say, researchers are facing many challenges and obstacles in their ample attempts to synthesize nanomaterials that are relatively easy to design, inexpensive to fabricate, and effective in treating various diseases, but at the same time display a very low, if any, toxicity to the body. Future investigations should aim at overcoming such challenges in an attempt to design nanomaterials that will prove to be useful in diagnosing and treating life-threatening diseases while ensuring a high degree of efficacy and safety.

ACS Style

Amin Majdalawieh; Marsha C. Kanan; Oussama M El-Kadri; Sofian M. Kanan. Recent Advances in Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2014, 14, 4757 -4780.

AMA Style

Amin Majdalawieh, Marsha C. Kanan, Oussama M El-Kadri, Sofian M. Kanan. Recent Advances in Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2014; 14 (7):4757-4780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amin Majdalawieh; Marsha C. Kanan; Oussama M El-Kadri; Sofian M. Kanan. 2014. "Recent Advances in Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 7: 4757-4780.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2012 in Journal of Materials Chemistry
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A pyrene-based benzimidazole-linked polymer (BILP-10) has been synthesized by the co-condensation of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride in dimethylformamide. The use of pyrene as a molecular building unit leads to the formation of self-assembled nanofibers

ACS Style

Mohammad Gulam Rabbani; Ali Kemal Sekizkardes; Oussama M El-Kadri; Bilal Kaafarani; Hani El-Kaderi. Pyrene-directed growth of nanoporous benzimidazole-linked nanofibers and their application to selective CO2 capture and separation. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22, 25409 -25417.

AMA Style

Mohammad Gulam Rabbani, Ali Kemal Sekizkardes, Oussama M El-Kadri, Bilal Kaafarani, Hani El-Kaderi. Pyrene-directed growth of nanoporous benzimidazole-linked nanofibers and their application to selective CO2 capture and separation. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2012; 22 (48):25409-25417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Gulam Rabbani; Ali Kemal Sekizkardes; Oussama M El-Kadri; Bilal Kaafarani; Hani El-Kaderi. 2012. "Pyrene-directed growth of nanoporous benzimidazole-linked nanofibers and their application to selective CO2 capture and separation." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 48: 25409-25417.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2011 in Research on Chemical Intermediates
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The synthesis of highly nanoporous organic frameworks (NPOFs) has been established using nickel(0)-catalyzed Yamamoto coupling reactions, which has afforded highly porous polymers featuring remarkable chemical and thermal stability. Treatment of 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)benzene, or 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)adamantane with Ni(cod)2 in DMF at 80°C for 48 h afforded the nanoporous organic frameworks, NPOF-1, NPOF-2, and NPOF-3, respectively, as white powders in quantitative yields. All NPOFs are insoluble in common organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, and methanol. The chemical composition and structural aspects of NPOFs were investigated by spectral and analytical methods while porosity was examined by nitrogen porosity measurements. In spite of their amorphous nature, NPOFs exhibit permanent porosity and high Langmuir surface areas (NPOF-1: 2,635 m2 g−1; NPOF-2: 4,227 m2 g−1; NPOF-3: 2,423 m2 g−1), which make them attractive for subsequent use in gas storage and separation applications, among others. The performance of NPOFs in hydrogen storage was evaluated at 1 bar and 77 K and revealed that these highly porous architectures can store up to 1.45 wt% of hydrogen.

ACS Style

Refaie M. Kassab; Karl T. Jackson; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of nanoporous organic frameworks and their potential use in gas storage applications. Research on Chemical Intermediates 2011, 37, 747 -757.

AMA Style

Refaie M. Kassab, Karl T. Jackson, Oussama M. El-Kadri, Hani M. El-Kaderi. Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of nanoporous organic frameworks and their potential use in gas storage applications. Research on Chemical Intermediates. 2011; 37 (7):747-757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Refaie M. Kassab; Karl T. Jackson; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Hani M. El-Kaderi. 2011. "Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of nanoporous organic frameworks and their potential use in gas storage applications." Research on Chemical Intermediates 37, no. 7: 747-757.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2011 in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
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ACS Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. Tetramethylcyclobutadienecobalt(I) complexes containing pyrazolate or tetrazolate ligands with various coordination modes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2011, 696, 1975 -1981.

AMA Style

Oussama M El-Kadri, Mary Jane Heeg, Charles H. Winter. Tetramethylcyclobutadienecobalt(I) complexes containing pyrazolate or tetrazolate ligands with various coordination modes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2011; 696 (10):1975-1981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. 2011. "Tetramethylcyclobutadienecobalt(I) complexes containing pyrazolate or tetrazolate ligands with various coordination modes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 696, no. 10: 1975-1981.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2009 in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
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Treatment of M(allyl)(Cl)(CO)2(py)2 (M = Mo, W) with 1 equiv. of potassium pyrazolates in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C afforded M(allyl)(R2pz)(CO)2(py)n (R2pz = 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolate; n = 1, 2) in 68–81% yields. X-ray crystal structure analyses of Mo(allyl)((CF3)2pz)(CO)2(py)2 and W(allyl)(tBu2pz)(CO)2(py) revealed η1- and η2-coordination of the (CF3)2pz and tBu2pz ligands, respectively. Analogous treatment of Mo(allyl)(Cl)(CO)2(NCCH3)2 with 1 equiv. of tBu2pzK in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C afforded [Mo(allyl)(tBu2pz)(CO)2]2 in 79% yield. An X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Mo(allyl)(tBu2pz)(CO)2]2 showed a dimeric structure bridged by two μ-η2:η1-tBu2pz ligands. Treatment of M(allyl)(Cl)(CO)2(py)2 with 1 equiv. of lithium 1,3-diisopropylacetamidinate or lithium 1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinate in diethyl ether at −78 °C afforded M(allyl)(iPrNC(Me)NiPr)(CO)2(py) and M(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(CO)2(py), respectively, in 68–78% yields. The new complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical methods and by X-ray crystal structure determinations. M(allyl)(iPrNC(Me)NiPr)(CO)2(py) adopt pseudo-octahedral geometry about the metal centers, with the 1,3-diisopropylacetamidate ligand nitrogen atoms spanning one axial site and one equatorial site of the octahedron. By contrast, M(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(CO)2(py) adopt pseudo-octahedral structures in which the two 1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinate ligand nitrogen atoms span two equatorial coordination sites. Sublimation of M(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)-(CO)2(py) at 105 °C/0.03 Torr afforded ⩽7% yields of M(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(CO)2, along with sublimed M(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(CO)2(py). W(allyl)(tBuNC(Me)NtBu)(CO)2 exists in the solid state as a 16-electron complex with distorted square pyramidal geometry. Many of the new complexes undergo dynamic ligand site exchange in solution, and these processes were probed by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The volatilities and thermal stabilities were evaluated to determine the potential of the new complexes for use as precursors in thin film growth experiments.

ACS Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, structure, properties, volatility, and thermal stability of molybdenum(II) and tungsten(II) complexes containing allyl, carbonyl, and pyrazolate or amidinate ligands. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2009, 694, 3902 -3911.

AMA Style

Oussama M El-Kadri, Mary Jane Heeg, Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, structure, properties, volatility, and thermal stability of molybdenum(II) and tungsten(II) complexes containing allyl, carbonyl, and pyrazolate or amidinate ligands. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2009; 694 (24):3902-3911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. 2009. "Synthesis, structure, properties, volatility, and thermal stability of molybdenum(II) and tungsten(II) complexes containing allyl, carbonyl, and pyrazolate or amidinate ligands." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 694, no. 24: 3902-3911.

Review
Published: 16 October 2009 in Sensors
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A review of some papers published in the last fifty years that focus on the semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) based sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of various environmental pollutants is presented.

ACS Style

Sofian M. Kanan; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Imad A. Abu-Yousef; Marsha C. Kanan. Semiconducting Metal Oxide Based Sensors for Selective Gas Pollutant Detection. Sensors 2009, 9, 8158 -8196.

AMA Style

Sofian M. Kanan, Oussama M. El-Kadri, Imad A. Abu-Yousef, Marsha C. Kanan. Semiconducting Metal Oxide Based Sensors for Selective Gas Pollutant Detection. Sensors. 2009; 9 (10):8158-8196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofian M. Kanan; Oussama M. El-Kadri; Imad A. Abu-Yousef; Marsha C. Kanan. 2009. "Semiconducting Metal Oxide Based Sensors for Selective Gas Pollutant Detection." Sensors 9, no. 10: 8158-8196.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2007 in Journal of Materials Chemistry
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The atomic layer deposition growth of tungsten nitride films was demonstrated using the precursors W2(NMe2)6 and ammonia with substrate temperatures between 150 and 250 °C. At 180 °C, surface saturative growth was achieved with W2(NMe2)6 pulse lengths of ≥2.0 s. The growth rates were between 0.74 and 0.81 Å cycle−1 at substrate temperatures between 180 and 210 °C. Growth rates of 0.57 and 0.96 Å cycle−1 were observed at 150 and 220 °C, respectively. In a series of films deposited at 180 °C, the film thicknesses varied linearly with the number of deposition cycles. Films grown at 180 and 210 °C exhibited resistivity values between 810 and 4600 μΩ cm. Time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis on tungsten nitride films containing a protective AlN overlayer demonstrated slightly nitrogen-rich films relative to W2N, with compositions of W1.0N0.82C0.13O0.26H0.33 at 150 °C, W1.0N0.74C0.20O0.33H0.28 at 180 °C, and W1.0N0.82C0.33O0.18H0.23 at 210 °C. In the absence of an AlN overlayer, the oxygen and hydrogen levels were much higher, suggesting that the films degrade in the presence of ambient atmosphere. The as-deposited films were amorphous. Amorphous films containing a protective AlN overlayer were annealed to 600–800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. X-Ray diffraction patterns suggested that crystallization does not occur at or below 800 °C. Similar annealing of films that did not contain the AlN overlayer afforded X-ray diffraction patterns that were consistent with orthorhombic WO3. Atomic force microscopy showed root-mean-square surface roughnesses of 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7 nm for films deposited at 150, 180, and 210 °C, respectively.

ACS Style

Charles L. Dezelah; Oussama M El-Kadri; Kaupo Kukli; Kai Arstila; Ronald J. Baird; Jun Lu; Lauri Niinistö; Charles H. Winter. A low valent metalorganic precursor for the growth of tungsten nitride thin films by atomic layer deposition. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2007, 17, 1109 -1116.

AMA Style

Charles L. Dezelah, Oussama M El-Kadri, Kaupo Kukli, Kai Arstila, Ronald J. Baird, Jun Lu, Lauri Niinistö, Charles H. Winter. A low valent metalorganic precursor for the growth of tungsten nitride thin films by atomic layer deposition. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2007; 17 (11):1109-1116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charles L. Dezelah; Oussama M El-Kadri; Kaupo Kukli; Kai Arstila; Ronald J. Baird; Jun Lu; Lauri Niinistö; Charles H. Winter. 2007. "A low valent metalorganic precursor for the growth of tungsten nitride thin films by atomic layer deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry 17, no. 11: 1109-1116.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2006 in Journal of the American Chemical Society
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The atomic layer deposition of W2O3 films was demonstrated employing W2(NMe2)6 and water as precursors with substrate temperatures between 140 and 240 degrees C. At 180 degrees C, surface saturative growth was achieved with W2(NMe2)6 vapor pulse lengths of >/=2 s. The growth rate was about 1.4 A/cycle at substrate temperatures between 140 and 200 degrees C. Growth rates of 1.60 and 2.10 A/cycle were observed at 220 and 240 degrees C, respectively. In a series of films deposited at 180 degrees C, the film thicknesses varied linearly with the number of deposition cycles. Time-of-flight elastic recoil analyses demonstrated stoichiometric W2O3 films, with carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen levels between 6.3 and 8.6, 11.9 and 14.2, and 4.6 and 5.0 at. %, respectively, at substrate temperatures of 160, 180, and 200 degrees C. The as-deposited films were amorphous. Atomic force microscopy showed root-mean-square surface roughnesses of 0.7 and 0.9 nm for films deposited at 180 and 200 degrees C, respectively. The resistivity of a film grown at 180 degrees C was 8500 microhm cm.

ACS Style

Charles L Dezelah; Oussama M El-Kadri; Imre M. Szilágyi; Joseph M. Campbell; Kai Arstila; Lauri Niinistö; Charles H. Winter. Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten(III) Oxide Thin Films from W2(NMe2)6and Water: Precursor-Based Control of Oxidation State in the Thin Film Material. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006, 128, 9638 -9639.

AMA Style

Charles L Dezelah, Oussama M El-Kadri, Imre M. Szilágyi, Joseph M. Campbell, Kai Arstila, Lauri Niinistö, Charles H. Winter. Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten(III) Oxide Thin Films from W2(NMe2)6and Water: Precursor-Based Control of Oxidation State in the Thin Film Material. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2006; 128 (30):9638-9639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charles L Dezelah; Oussama M El-Kadri; Imre M. Szilágyi; Joseph M. Campbell; Kai Arstila; Lauri Niinistö; Charles H. Winter. 2006. "Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten(III) Oxide Thin Films from W2(NMe2)6and Water: Precursor-Based Control of Oxidation State in the Thin Film Material." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 30: 9638-9639.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2006 in Inorganic Chemistry
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The synthesis, solid-state structure, and solution structure of Cr2(tBu2pz)4 are described. This complex is obtained by sublimation of the monomeric species Cr(tBu2pz)2(4-tBupy)2 and contains long chromium-chromium distances that are enforced by the divergent nature of the pyrazolato ligands.

ACS Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dimeric Chromium(II) Pyrazolato Complex with a Long Chromium−Chromium Distance. Maintenance of a Dimeric Structure in Solution and Interconversion between Dimeric and Monomeric Structures. Inorganic Chemistry 2006, 45, 5278 -5280.

AMA Style

Oussama M El-Kadri, Mary Jane Heeg, Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dimeric Chromium(II) Pyrazolato Complex with a Long Chromium−Chromium Distance. Maintenance of a Dimeric Structure in Solution and Interconversion between Dimeric and Monomeric Structures. Inorganic Chemistry. 2006; 45 (14):5278-5280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. 2006. "Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dimeric Chromium(II) Pyrazolato Complex with a Long Chromium−Chromium Distance. Maintenance of a Dimeric Structure in Solution and Interconversion between Dimeric and Monomeric Structures." Inorganic Chemistry 45, no. 14: 5278-5280.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2006 in Dalton Transactions
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Treatment of anhydrous chromium(III) chloride with 2 or 3 equivalents of 1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinatolithium or 1,3-diisopropylacetamidinatolithium in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) and Cr(iPrNC(CH3)NiPr)3 in 78% and 65% yields, respectively. Treatment of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) with the potassium salts derived from pyrazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(X), where X = 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolato or 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolato ligands, in 65–70% yields. X-Ray crystal structure analyses of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Me2pz) (Me2pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolato) and Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Me2trz) (Me2trz = 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolato) revealed η2-coordination of the Me2pz and Me2trz ligands. Treatment of Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(Cl)(THF) with trifluoromethyltetrazolatosodium (NaCF3tetz) in the presence of 4-tert-butylpyridine afforded Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(CF3tetz)(4-tBupy) in 30% yield. An X-ray crystal structure determination showed η1-coordination of the tetrazolato ligand through the 2-nitrogen atom. The complexes Cr(iPrNC(CH3)NiPr)3 and Cr(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2(X) are volatile and sublime with 300 °C under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. Due to the good volatility and high thermal stability, these new compounds are promising precursors for the growth of chromium-containing thin films using atomic layer deposition.

ACS Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of chromium(iii) complexes containing amidinato ligands and η2-pyrazolato, η2-1,2,4-triazolato, or η1-tetrazolato ligands. Dalton Transactions 2006, 4506 -4513.

AMA Style

Oussama M El-Kadri, Mary Jane Heeg, Charles H. Winter. Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of chromium(iii) complexes containing amidinato ligands and η2-pyrazolato, η2-1,2,4-triazolato, or η1-tetrazolato ligands. Dalton Transactions. 2006; (37):4506-4513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. 2006. "Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of chromium(iii) complexes containing amidinato ligands and η2-pyrazolato, η2-1,2,4-triazolato, or η1-tetrazolato ligands." Dalton Transactions , no. 37: 4506-4513.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2006 in Dalton Transactions
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The molybdenum and tungsten complexes W2(NtBu)4(pz)4(pzH)·(C6H14)0.5 (pz = pyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(Me2pz)2(Me2pzH)2 (Me2pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 (tBu2pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate), M2(NtBu)4(Me2pz)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(C2N3(iPr)2)2py2, M(NtBu)2-(CN4CF3)2py2, and W(NtBu)2(PhNNNPh)2 were prepared by various synthetic routes from the starting materials Mo(NtBu)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(NHtBu)2, and W(NtBu)2Cl2py2. These new complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical methods and by X-ray crystal structure determinations. The volatilities and thermal stabilities were evaluated to determine the potential of the new complexes for use in thin film growth of metal nitride films. Mo(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 and W(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 were found to have the optimum combination of volatility and thermal stability for application in atomic layer deposition thin film growth procedures.

ACS Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. Film growth precursor development for metal nitrides. Synthesis, structure, and volatility of molybdenum(vi) and tungsten(vi) complexes containing bis(imido)metal fragments and various nitrogen donor ligands. Dalton Transactions 2006, 1943 -1953.

AMA Style

Oussama M El-Kadri, Mary Jane Heeg, Charles H. Winter. Film growth precursor development for metal nitrides. Synthesis, structure, and volatility of molybdenum(vi) and tungsten(vi) complexes containing bis(imido)metal fragments and various nitrogen donor ligands. Dalton Transactions. 2006; (16):1943-1953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oussama M El-Kadri; Mary Jane Heeg; Charles H. Winter. 2006. "Film growth precursor development for metal nitrides. Synthesis, structure, and volatility of molybdenum(vi) and tungsten(vi) complexes containing bis(imido)metal fragments and various nitrogen donor ligands." Dalton Transactions , no. 16: 1943-1953.