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Professor Lindgren has published more than 175 journal publications, book contributions and conference presentations. He has supervised 16 students to the PhD degree. He is author of the book Computational Welding Mechanics – Thermomechanical and microstructural simulations. Furthermore, he was section editor of ‘Heat treatment, welding and shape memory materials’, a part of the Encyclopaedia Thermal Stresses published by Springer. His research interests are; Finite element methods, Simulation of material processing and manufacturing, Microstructure modelling, Physical based property models for metals and alloys.
To predict the final geometry in thermo-mechanical processes, the use of modeling tools is of great importance. One important part of the modeling process is to describe the response correctly. A previously published mechanism-based flow stress model has been further developed and adapted for the nickel-based superalloys, alloy 625, and alloy 718. The updates include the implementation of a solid solution strengthening model and a model for high temperature plasticity. This type of material model is appropriate in simulations of manufacturing processes where the material undergoes large variations in strain rates and temperatures. The model also inherently captures stress relaxation. The flow stress model has been calibrated using compression strain rate data ranging from 0.01 to 1 s−1 with a temperature span from room temperature up to near the melting temperature. Deformation mechanism maps are also constructed which shows when the different mechanisms are dominating. After the model has been calibrated, it is validated using stress relaxation tests. From the parameter optimization, it is seen that many of the parameters are very similar for alloy 625 and alloy 718, although it is two different materials. The modeled and measured stress relaxation are in good agreement.
Andreas Malmelöv; Martin Fisk; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718. Materials 2020, 13, 5620 .
AMA StyleAndreas Malmelöv, Martin Fisk, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718. Materials. 2020; 13 (24):5620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Malmelöv; Martin Fisk; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2020. "Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718." Materials 13, no. 24: 5620.
Additive manufacturing is the process by which material is added layer by layer. In most cases, many layers are added, and the passes are lengthy relative to their thicknesses and widths. This makes finite element simulations of the process computationally demanding owing to the short time steps and large number of elements. The classical lumping approach in computational welding mechanics, popular in the 80s, is therefore, of renewed interest and is evaluated in this work. The method of lumping means that welds are merged. This allows fewer time steps and a coarser mesh. It was found that the computation time can be reduced considerably, with retained accuracy for the resulting temperatures and deformations. The residual stresses become, to a certain degree, smaller. The simulations were validated against a directed energy deposition (DED) experiment with alloy 625.
Andreas Malmelöv; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing. Metals 2019, 10, 58 .
AMA StyleAndreas Malmelöv, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing. Metals. 2019; 10 (1):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Malmelöv; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2019. "History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing." Metals 10, no. 1: 58.
Simulating the additive manufacturing process of Ti-6Al-4V is very complex due to the microstructural changes and allotropic transformation occurring during its thermomechanical processing. The α -phase with a hexagonal close pack structure is present in three different forms—Widmanstatten, grain boundary and Martensite. A metallurgical model that computes the formation and dissolution of each of these phases was used here. Furthermore, a physically based flow-stress model coupled with the metallurgical model was applied in the simulation of an additive manufacturing case using the directed energy-deposition method. The result from the metallurgical model explicitly affects the mechanical properties in the flow-stress model. Validation of the thermal and mechanical model was performed by comparing the simulation results with measurements available in the literature, which showed good agreement.
Bijish Babu; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model. Materials 2019, 12, 3844 .
AMA StyleBijish Babu, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model. Materials. 2019; 12 (23):3844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBijish Babu; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2019. "Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model." Materials 12, no. 23: 3844.
Computing the evolution of thermal stresses accurately requires appropriate constitutive relations. This includes both the thermal and mechanical aspects, as temperature is the driver to thermal stresses. The paradigm of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) aims at being able to quantitatively relate process-structure-property of a material. The article describes physics based models, denoted bridging elements, which are one step towards the vision of ICME. They couple material structure with heat capacity, heat conductivity, thermal and transformation strains and elastic properties for hypo-eutectoid steels. The models can account for the chemical composition of the steel and its processing, i.e. thermomechanical history, giving the evolution of the microstructure and the corresponding properties.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Jonas Edberg; Paul Åkerström; Zhao Zhang. Modeling of thermal stresses in low alloy steels. Journal of Thermal Stresses 2019, 42, 725 -743.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Jonas Edberg, Paul Åkerström, Zhao Zhang. Modeling of thermal stresses in low alloy steels. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2019; 42 (6):725-743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Jonas Edberg; Paul Åkerström; Zhao Zhang. 2019. "Modeling of thermal stresses in low alloy steels." Journal of Thermal Stresses 42, no. 6: 725-743.
Computational welding mechanics (CWM) have a strong connection to thermal stresses, as they are one of the main issues causing problems in welding. The other issue is the related welding deformations together with existing microstructure. The paper summarizes the important models related to prediction of thermal stresses and the evolution of CWM models in order to manage the large amount of ‘welds’ in additive manufacturing.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Andreas Malmelöv. Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics. Journal of Thermal Stresses 2019, 42, 107 -121.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Andreas Malmelöv. Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2019; 42 (1):107-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Andreas Malmelöv. 2019. "Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics." Journal of Thermal Stresses 42, no. 1: 107-121.
Models for elastic properties, as a function of temperature, are required when simulating various thermo-mechanical processes. A model for hypoeutectoid steels is proposed that accounts for this temperature dependency as well as the influence of alloying. The model consists of separate parts for the ferrite and austenite phases. The latter also includes a specific contribution due to ferromagnetism. The model is calibrated versus iron and evaluated against various steels.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Jessica Gyhlesten Back. Elastic properties of ferrite and austenite in low alloy steels versus temperature and alloying. Materialia 2018, 5, 100193 .
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Jessica Gyhlesten Back. Elastic properties of ferrite and austenite in low alloy steels versus temperature and alloying. Materialia. 2018; 5 ():100193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Jessica Gyhlesten Back. 2018. "Elastic properties of ferrite and austenite in low alloy steels versus temperature and alloying." Materialia 5, no. : 100193.
The current work aims at developing models supporting design of the rolling and quenching processes. This requires a martensite formation model that can account for effect of previous plastic deformation as well as evolution of stress and temperature during the quenching step. The effect of deformation prior to the cooling on the transformation is evaluated. The experimental result shows that prior deformation impedes the martensite transformation due to the mechanical stabilisation of the austenite phase. Larger deformation above 30 % reduces the effect of the mechanical stabilisation due to increase in martensite nucleation sites. The computed transformation curves, based on an extended version of the Koistinen-Marburger equation, agree well with experimental results for pre-straining less than 30 %.
Jessica Gyhlesten Back; Lars Erik Lindgren. Modelling of the Influence of Prior Deformation of Austenite on the Martensite Formation in a Low-Alloyed Carbon Steel. Materials Science Forum 2018, 941, 95 -99.
AMA StyleJessica Gyhlesten Back, Lars Erik Lindgren. Modelling of the Influence of Prior Deformation of Austenite on the Martensite Formation in a Low-Alloyed Carbon Steel. Materials Science Forum. 2018; 941 ():95-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Gyhlesten Back; Lars Erik Lindgren. 2018. "Modelling of the Influence of Prior Deformation of Austenite on the Martensite Formation in a Low-Alloyed Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 941, no. : 95-99.
The development of computational welding mechanics (CWM) began more than four decades ago. The approach focuses on the region outside the molten pool and is used to simulate the thermo-metallurgical-mechanical behaviour of welded components. It was applied to additive manufacturing (AM) processes when they were known as weld repair and metal deposition. The interest in the CWM approach applied to AM has increased considerably, and there are new challenges in this context regarding welding. The current state and need for developments from the perspective of the authors are summarised in this study.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck. Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook. Comptes Rendus Mécanique 2018, 346, 1033 -1042.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck. Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook. Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 2018; 346 (11):1033-1042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck. 2018. "Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 346, no. 11: 1033-1042.
Additive manufacturing by powder bed fusion processes can be utilized to create bulk metallic glass as the process yields considerably high cooling rates. However, there is a risk that reheated material set in layers may become devitrified, i.e., crystallize. Therefore, it is advantageous to simulate the process to fully comprehend it and design it to avoid the aforementioned risk. However, a detailed simulation is computationally demanding. It is necessary to increase the computational speed while maintaining accuracy of the computed temperature field in critical regions. The current study evaluates a few approaches based on temporal reduction to achieve this. It is found that the evaluated approaches save a lot of time and accurately predict the temperature history.
J. Lindwall; A. Malmelöv; A. Lundbäck; L.-E. Lindgren. Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass. JOM 2018, 70, 1598 -1603.
AMA StyleJ. Lindwall, A. Malmelöv, A. Lundbäck, L.-E. Lindgren. Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass. JOM. 2018; 70 (8):1598-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Lindwall; A. Malmelöv; A. Lundbäck; L.-E. Lindgren. 2018. "Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass." JOM 70, no. 8: 1598-1603.
M. Fisk; L.-E. Lindgren; W. Datchary; V. Deshmukh. Modelling of induction hardening in low alloy steels. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 2018, 144, 61 -75.
AMA StyleM. Fisk, L.-E. Lindgren, W. Datchary, V. Deshmukh. Modelling of induction hardening in low alloy steels. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2018; 144 ():61-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Fisk; L.-E. Lindgren; W. Datchary; V. Deshmukh. 2018. "Modelling of induction hardening in low alloy steels." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 144, no. : 61-75.
A dislocation density-based constitutive model, including effects of microstructure scale and temperature, was calibrated to predict flow stress of an as-cast AZ91D (Mg-9%Al-1%Zn) alloy. Tensile stress-strain data, for strain rates from 10-4 up to 10-1 s-1 and temperatures from room temperature up to 190 °C were used for model calibration. The used model accounts for the interaction of various microstructure features with dislocations and thereby on the plastic properties. It was shown that the Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) size was appropriate as an initial characteristic microstructural scale input to the model. However, as strain increased the influence of subcells size and total dislocation density dominated the flow stress. The calibrated temperature-dependent parameters were validated through a correlation between microstructure and the physics of the deforming alloy. The model was validated by comparison with dislocation density obtained by using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique.
Hoda Dini; Aleš Svoboda; Nils-Eric Andersson; Ehsan Ghassemali; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Anders E.W. Jarfors. Optimization and validation of a dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Mg-9%Al-1%Zn. Materials Science and Engineering: A 2017, 710, 17 -26.
AMA StyleHoda Dini, Aleš Svoboda, Nils-Eric Andersson, Ehsan Ghassemali, Lars-Erik Lindgren, Anders E.W. Jarfors. Optimization and validation of a dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Mg-9%Al-1%Zn. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017; 710 ():17-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoda Dini; Aleš Svoboda; Nils-Eric Andersson; Ehsan Ghassemali; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Anders E.W. Jarfors. 2017. "Optimization and validation of a dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Mg-9%Al-1%Zn." Materials Science and Engineering: A 710, no. : 17-26.
Non-local damage model for strain softening in a machining simulation is presented in this paper. The coupled damage-plasticity model consists of a physically based dislocation density model and a damage model driven by plastic straining in combination with the stress state. The predicted chip serration is highly consistent with the measurement results.
Olufunminiyi Abiri; Dan Wedberg; Ales Svoboda; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Non-Local Modelling of Strain Softening in Machining Simulations. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 225, 12053 .
AMA StyleOlufunminiyi Abiri, Dan Wedberg, Ales Svoboda, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Non-Local Modelling of Strain Softening in Machining Simulations. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 225 ():12053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlufunminiyi Abiri; Dan Wedberg; Ales Svoboda; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2017. "Non-Local Modelling of Strain Softening in Machining Simulations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225, no. : 12053.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Qin Hao; Dan Wedberg. Improved and simplified dislocation density based plasticity model for AISI 316 L. Mechanics of Materials 2017, 108, 68 -76.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Qin Hao, Dan Wedberg. Improved and simplified dislocation density based plasticity model for AISI 316 L. Mechanics of Materials. 2017; 108 ():68-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Qin Hao; Dan Wedberg. 2017. "Improved and simplified dislocation density based plasticity model for AISI 316 L." Mechanics of Materials 108, no. : 68-76.
Mohammadreza Zamani; Hoda Dini; Ales Svoboda; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Salem Seifeddine; Nils-Eric Andersson; Anders E.W. Jarfors. A dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Al-Si alloys: Effect of temperature and microstructure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 2017, 121, 164 -170.
AMA StyleMohammadreza Zamani, Hoda Dini, Ales Svoboda, Lars-Erik Lindgren, Salem Seifeddine, Nils-Eric Andersson, Anders E.W. Jarfors. A dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Al-Si alloys: Effect of temperature and microstructure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2017; 121 ():164-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammadreza Zamani; Hoda Dini; Ales Svoboda; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Salem Seifeddine; Nils-Eric Andersson; Anders E.W. Jarfors. 2017. "A dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Al-Si alloys: Effect of temperature and microstructure." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 121, no. : 164-170.
Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing 2017, 7, 127 -130.
AMA StyleAndreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing. 2017; 7 ():127-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2017. "Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing." Procedia Manufacturing 7, no. : 127-130.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Robert Pederson; Joel Andersson. Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models. Additive Manufacturing 2016, 12, 144 -158.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Martin Fisk, Robert Pederson, Joel Andersson. Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models. Additive Manufacturing. 2016; 12 ():144-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Robert Pederson; Joel Andersson. 2016. "Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models." Additive Manufacturing 12, no. : 144-158.
There are many challenges in producing aerospace components by additive manufacturing (AM). One of them is to keep the residual stresses and deformations to a minimum. Another one is to achieve the desired material properties in the final component. A computer model can be of great assistance when trying to reduce the negative effects of the manufacturing process. In this work a finite element model is used to predict the thermo-mechanical response during the AM-process. This work features a physically based plasticity model coupled with a microstructure evolution model for the titanium alloy Ti -6Al-4V. Residual stresses in AM components were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction on beam line ID15A at the ESRF, Grenoble. The results are compared with FE model predictions of residual stresses. During the process, temperatures and deformations was continuously measured. The measured and computed thermal history agrees well. The result with respect to the deformations agrees well qualitatively. Meaning that the change in deformation in each sequence is well predicted but there is a systematic error that is summing so that the quantitative agreement is lost.
Andreas Lundbäck; Robert Pederson; Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander; Craig Brice; Axel Steuwer; Almir Heralic; Thomas Buslaps; Lars‐Erik Lindgren. Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium 2016, 1279 -1282.
AMA StyleAndreas Lundbäck, Robert Pederson, Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander, Craig Brice, Axel Steuwer, Almir Heralic, Thomas Buslaps, Lars‐Erik Lindgren. Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium. 2016; ():1279-1282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lundbäck; Robert Pederson; Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander; Craig Brice; Axel Steuwer; Almir Heralic; Thomas Buslaps; Lars‐Erik Lindgren. 2016. "Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V." Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium , no. : 1279-1282.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Ales Svoboda; Dan Wedberg; Mikael Lundblad. Towards predictive simulations of machining. Comptes Rendus Mécanique 2016, 344, 284 -295.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Ales Svoboda, Dan Wedberg, Mikael Lundblad. Towards predictive simulations of machining. Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 2016; 344 (4-5):284-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Ales Svoboda; Dan Wedberg; Mikael Lundblad. 2016. "Towards predictive simulations of machining." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 344, no. 4-5: 284-295.
Dan Wedberg; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Modelling flow stress of AISI 316L at high strain rates. Mechanics of Materials 2015, 91, 194 -207.
AMA StyleDan Wedberg, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Modelling flow stress of AISI 316L at high strain rates. Mechanics of Materials. 2015; 91 ():194-207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan Wedberg; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2015. "Modelling flow stress of AISI 316L at high strain rates." Mechanics of Materials 91, no. : 194-207.
Hao Qin; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Wing Kam Liu; Jacob Smith. Implicit finite element formulation of multiresolution continuum theory. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2015, 293, 114 -130.
AMA StyleHao Qin, Lars-Erik Lindgren, Wing Kam Liu, Jacob Smith. Implicit finite element formulation of multiresolution continuum theory. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 2015; 293 ():114-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Qin; Lars-Erik Lindgren; Wing Kam Liu; Jacob Smith. 2015. "Implicit finite element formulation of multiresolution continuum theory." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 293, no. : 114-130.