The architecture design of industrial data analytics system addresses industrial process challenges and the design phase of the industrial Big Data management drivers that consider the novel paradigm in integrating Big Data technologies into industrial cyber-physical systems (iCPS). The goal of this paper is to support the design of analytics Big Data solutions for iCPS for the modeling of data elements, predictive analysis, inference of the key performance indicators, and real-time analytics, through the proposal of an architecture that will support the integration from IIoT environment, communications, and the cloud in the iCPS. An attribute driven design (ADD) approach has been adopted for architectural design gathering requirements from smart production planning, manufacturing process monitoring, and active preventive maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) scenarios. Data management drivers presented consider new Big Data modeling analytics techniques that show data is an invaluable asset in iCPS. An architectural design reference for a Big Data analytics architecture is proposed. The before-mentioned architecture supports the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment, communications, and the cloud in the iCPS context. A fault diagnosis case study illustrates how the reference architecture is applied to meet the functional and quality requirements for Big Data analytics in iCPS.

The adsorption of CO, NO, and O₂ molecules onto Cu, Ag, and Au atoms placed in the S vacancies of a WS₂ monolayer was elucidated within dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The binding energies computed for embedded defects into S vacancies were 2.99 (Au_S), 2.44 (Ag_S), 3.32 eV (Cu_S), 3.23 (Au_2S2), 2.55 (Ag_2S2), and 3.48 eV/atom (Cu_2S2), respectively. The calculated diffusion energy barriers from an S vacancy to a nearby site for Cu, Ag, and Au were 2.29, 2.18, and 2.16 eV, respectively. Thus, the substitutional atoms remained firmly fixed at temperatures above 700 K. Similarly, the adsorption energies showed that nitric oxide and carbon oxide molecules exhibited stronger chemisorption than O₂ molecules on any of the metal atoms (Au, Cu, or Ag) placed in the S vacancies of the WS₂ monolayer. Therefore, the adsorption of O₂ did not compete with NO or CO adsorption and did not displace them. The density of states showed that a WS₂ monolayer modified with a Cu, Au, or Ag atom could be used to design sensing devices, based on electronic or magnetic properties, for atmospheric pollutants. More interestingly, the adsorption of CO changed only the electronic properties of the MoS₂-Au_S monolayer, which could be used for sensing applications. In contrast, the O₂ molecule was chemisorbed more strongly than CO or NO on Au_2S2, Cu_2S2, or Ag_2S2 placed into di-S vacancies. Thus, if the experimental system is exposed to air, the low quantities of O₂ molecules present should result in the oxidation of the metallic atoms. Furthermore, the O₂ molecules adsorbed on WS₂-Au_2S2 and WS₂-Cu_S introduced a half-metallic behavior, making the system suitable for applications in spintronics.

Defective molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) monolayers (MLs) modified with coinage metal atoms (Cu, Ag and Au) embedded in sulfur vacancies are studied at a dispersion-corrected density functional level. Atmospheric constituents (H₂, O₂ and N₂) and air pollutants (CO and NO), known as secondary greenhouse gases, are adsorbed on up to two atoms embedded into sulfur vacancies in MoS₂ MLs. The adsorption energies suggest that the NO (1.44 eV) and CO (1.24 eV) are chemisorbed more strongly than O₂ (1.07 eV) and N₂ (0.66 eV) on the ML with a cooper atom substituting for a sulfur atom. Therefore, the adsorption of N₂ and O₂ does not compete with NO or CO adsorption. Besides, NO adsorbed on embedded Cu creates a new level in the band gap. In addition, it was found that the CO molecule could directly react with the pre-adsorbed O₂ molecule on a Cu atom, forming the complex OOCO, via the Eley–Rideal reaction mechanism. The adsorption energies of CO, NO and O₂ on Au_2S2, Cu_2S2 and Ag_2S2 embedded into two sulfur vacancies were competitive. Charge transference occurs from the defective MoS₂ ML to the adsorbed molecules, oxidizing the later ones (NO, CO and O₂) since they act as acceptors. The total and projected density of states reveal that a MoS₂ ML modified with copper, gold and silver dimers could be used to design electronic or magnetic devices for sensing applications in the adsorption of NO, CO and O₂ molecules. Moreover, NO and O₂ molecules adsorbed on MoS₂-Au₂s₂ and MoS₂-Cu₂s₂ introduce a transition from metallic to half-metallic behavior for applications in spintronics. These modified monolayers are expected to exhibit chemiresistive behavior, meaning their electrical resistance changes in response to the presence of NO molecules. This property makes them suitable for detecting and measuring NO concentrations. Also, modified materials with half-metal behavior could be beneficial for spintronic devices, particularly those that require spin-polarized currents.

The purpose of this study was to propose an interactive computer system that utilises the MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Designer to measure the level of implementation of SDG 8, which focuses on sustainable decent work (SDW) and economic growth. This study used policies and laws as parameters to determine the presence or absence of SDW. The fuzzy method was implemented in car windshield manufacturing in the auto parts industry as a case study to define and quantify work conditions and to determine the level of sustainable decent work (SDWL). The study described environmental conditions, such as noise, lighting, and heat stress; ergonomic factors, such as exposure time, the mass of the object manipulated, and lifting frequency; and organisation at work, such as workplace violence, salary, and workday, as linguistic variables. The level of the presence or absence of SDW was defined as their membership functions. The resulting vectors determined the absence of SDW with a score of 1.5 in two linguistic variables: environmental conditions and ergonomic factors. Some features of SDW in the linguistic variable organisation at work had an SDW score of 5. The SDWL vector determined a final score of 1.24, indicating the absence of decent work in production areas. This study found that the workers suffer a lack of long and healthy lives and a bad standard of living without economic growth due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work illnesses, increasing their out-of-pocket spending and catastrophic health expenses. As a CSR approach, assessing SDWLs helped managers improve policies and work conditions.

This article shows a new Te-transform and its periodogram for applications that mainly exhibit stochastic behavior with a signal-to-noise ratio lower than −30 dB. The Te-transform is a dyadic transform that combines the properties of the dyadic Wavelet transform and the Fourier transform. This paper also provides another contribution, a corollary on the energy relationship between the untransformed signal and the transformed one using the Te-transform. This transform is compared with other methods used for the analysis in the frequency domain, reported in literature. To perform the validation, the authors created two synthetic scenarios: a noise-free signal scenario and another signal scenario with a signal-to-noise ratio equal to −69 dB. The results show that the Te-transform improves the sensitivity in the frequency spectrum with respect to previously reported methods.

This article solves the problem of detecting water leaks with a minimum size of down to $1\mathrm{mm}$ in diameter. Two new mathematical tools are used to solve this problem: the first one is the ${\mathcal{T}}_e$ cross-spectral density and the second is ${\mathcal{T}}_e$ coherence. These mathematical tools provide the possibility of discriminating spurious frequency components, making use of the property of multi-sensitivity. This advantage makes it possible to maximize the sensitivity of the frequency spectrum. The wavelet function used was Daubechies $45$, because it provides an attenuation of $150\mathrm{dB}$ in the rejection band. The tools were validated with two scenarios. For the first scenario, a synthetic signal was analyzed. In the second scenario, two types of background leakage were analyzed: the first one has a diameter of $1\mathrm{mm}$ with a signal-to-noise ratio of $2.82\mathrm{dB}$ and flow rate of $33.7\mathrm{mL}/\mathrm{s}$, and the second one has a diameter of $4\mathrm{mm}$ with a signal-to-noise ratio of $9.73\mathrm{dB}$ with a flow rate of $125.0\mathrm{mL}/\mathrm{s}$. The results reported in this paper show that both the ${\mathcal{T}}_e$ cross-spectral density and ${\mathcal{T}}_e$ coherence are higher than those reported in scientific literature.