Frailty and depression were linked in observational studies, but the causality remains ambiguous. We intended to explore it using Mendelian randomization (MR). We obtained frailty genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from UK Biobank and TwinGen meta-analysis, and depression GWAS data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and FinnGen (respectively recorded as PD and FD). We performed univariable and multivariable-adjusted MR with adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA). Frailty was significantly associated with elevated risks of PD (OR, 1.860; 95% CI, 1.439 to 2.405; P < 0.001) and FD (OR, 1.745; 95% CI, 1.193 to 2.552; P = 0.004), and depression was meanwhile a susceptible factor for frailty (PD: β, 0.146; 95% CI, 0.086 to 0.201; P < 0.001; and FD: β, 0.112; 95% CI, 0.051 to 0.174; P < 0.001). This association was robust after adjustments for BMI or PA. Our study provides evidence of the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression from genetic perspectives.

Globally, the total estimated number of people living with depression increased by 18.4% between 2005 and 2015, with the prevalence being 4.8% in 2015. Many nutrient and diet patterns are proven to be correlated to depression, so we conducted this analysis to explore whether the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) score is associated with depression, and possibly to provide dietary measures to reduce the risk of depression. Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2016), a cross-sectional and nationally representative database. The analytic sample was limited to adults: (1) age ≥20 with complete information of HEI-2015 and depression; (2) no missing data of demographics, BMI, drinking, smoking, and fasting plasma glucose. HEI-2015 was calculated using the Dietary Interview: Total Nutrient Intakes, First Day data file. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Weighted logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the HEI-2015 score and depression. The final study sample included 10,349 adults, with 51.4% of them being men, representing a population of about 167.8 million non-institutionalized U.S. adults. After multivariable adjustment, average HEI status (OR: 0.848, 95% CI: 0.846–0.849) and optimal HEI status (OR: 0.455, 95% CI: 0.453–0.456) were associated with reduced odds of depression. Poor diet quality is significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Aligning with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reduces the risk of depression.

Background: According to previous reports, obesity especially visceral fat has become an important public health problem, causing an estimation of 20.5 disability-adjusted life years per 1000 inhabitants. Those who exercised for 1 or 2 days per week and reached the recommended 150 minutes of moderate physical activity (PA) per week have been defined as “weekend warriors” (WWs). Although the benefits of PA in suppressing obesity have been widely studied, the association of WWs with the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and the difference between WW activity and regular PA are yet to be explored. Objective: This study aims to explore the association between WW activity and other PA patterns with VAI in US adults. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 data set was used, and the analytic sample was limited to adults 20 years and older who had complete information about VAI, PA patterns, and other covariates, including demographic characteristics, behavioral factors, and disease conditions. Participants’ characteristics in different PA pattern groups were tested using the Rao and Scott adjusted χ2 test and ANOVA. Univariate and multivariate stepped linear regression models were then used to explore the association between the PA pattern and VAI. Finally, stratified analyses and interaction effects were conducted to investigate whether the association was stable among subgroups. Results: The final sample included 9642 adults 20 years or older, which is representative of 158.1 million noninstitutionalized US adults, with 52.15% (n=5169) being male and 70.8% (n=4443) being non-Hispanic White. Gender, age group, race, education level, income level, marital status, smoking status, alcoholism, VAI, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes were all correlated with the PA pattern, but no relationship between hypertension and PA pattern was observed. After adjusting for demographic covariates, smoking status, alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, WW and regularly active adults had a β of .307 (95% CI –0.611 to –0.003) and .354 (95% CI –0.467 to –0.241), respectively, for reduced VAI when compared with inactive adults, but no significant effect of lowering VAI (β=–.132, 95% CI –0.282 to 0.018) was observed in insufficiently active adults when compared with inactive adults. Besides, no significant difference was exhibited between WW adults and regularly active adults (β=.047, 95% CI –0.258 to 0.352), suggesting WW adults had the same benefit of decreasing VAI as regularly active adults. Stratified analyses results exhibited that WW activity was related to reduced VAI in female adults aged 20-44 years who were non-Hispanic Black, other, or multiracial; high school or General Educational Development education; and never married, and the association between PA pattern and VAI remained stable in all demographic subgroups. Conclusions: Compared with inactive adults, WWs could reduce VAI, and there was no significant difference between WWs and regular active adults in decreasing VAI. Our study provides compelling evidence of the beneficial effect of WW activity on visceral obesity.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a single infectious agent disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide, usually affecting the lungs and other organs [1]. It is the second leading single cause of death in the future, with an estimated 10 million TB patients globally in 2020 and 10.6 million […]

Gout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and across the world, and it adversely impacts people’s quality of life and their health. Few studies have focused on the relationship between daily dietary quality and gout, so the topic requires further exploration. Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016, and the inclusion criteria of the analytic sample were (1) adults, age ≥20 years, with complete information about HEI-2015, gout, and uric acid; (2) complete information of demographics, lifestyle (BMI, smoking, drinking), and disease history [hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes]. The quality of the daily diet was reflected using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). The baseline features of different groups were examined using the Scott-Rao chi-square tests, and the association between the HEI-2015 score and the risk of gout/hyperuricemia (HUA) was investigated using weighted logistic regression models. The effects of different dietary components in the HEI-2015 on reducing the risk of gout/HUA were evaluated by weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, behavioral covariates, and disease history, higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with a significantly lower risk of gout (OR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.876–0.880) and HUA (OR: 0.978, 95% CI: 0.976–0.979) in weighted logistic regression. Dairy, whole grains, plant proteins, and added sugar contributed greatly in HEI-2015 to reducing gout risk (weights of WQS index: 42, 17.18, 16.13, and 7.93%, respectively). Dairy, total fruits, greens and beans, and plant proteins contributed greatly in HEI-2015 to reducing HUA risk (weights of WQS index: 28.9, 17.13, 16.84, and 11.39%, respectively). As the result, adherence to the American Dietary Guidelines may assist to decrease the risk of gout/HUA in American adults, and greater emphasis should be placed on dairy products, whole grains, fruits, legumes, and added sugars.