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The Head of the Department of Adult Psychiatry of the Medical University of Lodz, National Consultant in the field of psychiatry, lecturer at the National School of Judiciary and Prosecutor's Office in Krakow, deputy director of medical care of the SPZOZ Babiński in Łódź, The Head of the Clinical Training Center for Clinical Psychologists in Łódź, The Chairman of the Lodz branch of Polish Psychiatry Association, Chairman of the State Examination Board in the field of psychiatry, Chairman of the State Examination Board in the field of psychosexology, Member of the Council for Mental Health and Team for developing the National Program for Mental Health Protection. Specialist psychiatrist, specialist sexologist. The author and co-author of over 300 scientific publications in foreign and Polish scientific journals and co-author of many books, including Psychiatry – mandatory manual for students at all medical universities in Poland. One of the most cited Polish psychiatrists. In clinical, didactic and research work, he strives to learn about the biological determinants of mental diseases, mainly depression. The author of the neurodevelopmental theory of depression. In non-scientific part of activity he is involved in preventing stigmatization of patients with mental disorders. Initiator and co-organizer of The International Congress of Forensic Psychiatry. The Chairman of the jury of the Aurelius Award. He is also the author of publications and books merging law and psychiatry.
In every somatic disease we can find a psychological element, just as it is not uncommon for numerous physical symptoms to occur in a mental disease. Nowadays, the patient is no longer just the “owner” of the sick organ but is considered and treated as a “whole”. The interpenetration of somatic manifestations with mental health problems forces patients who experience subjective suffering, including mental suffering, from current symptoms to visit specialists from different fields of medicine, and their treatment does not bring about any improvement. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) is one form of therapy that attempts to respond to the needs of an increasing—in recent years—number of patients who demonstrate somatic disorders of a multifaceted nature. The co-occurrence of physical and mental disorders repeatedly makes it impossible to determine which symptoms were the cause and which were the effect; hence, it is difficult to establish clear boundaries between the categories of these disorders and diseases. The therapist, to whom the patient with somatic diseases is eventually referred, may be faced with a diagnostic dilemma, the solution of which will give direction to further psychotherapeutic work. The common feature of this group of patients is a strong focus on physical ailments, while omitting or almost completely ignoring the psychological factors involved. The purpose of this paper is to present the causally diverse circumstances in which a patient with physical symptoms needs diagnosis and therapeutic support from the perspective of a cognitive behavioral approach.
Agata Orzechowska; Paulina Maruszewska; Piotr Gałecki. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Patients with Somatic Symptoms—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 3159 .
AMA StyleAgata Orzechowska, Paulina Maruszewska, Piotr Gałecki. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Patients with Somatic Symptoms—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (14):3159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Orzechowska; Paulina Maruszewska; Piotr Gałecki. 2021. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Patients with Somatic Symptoms—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14: 3159.
Depression causes individual suffering, loss of productivity, increased health care costs and high suicide risk
Piotr Gałecki; Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Michael Maes; Kuan-Pin Su. Neuroimmunology and (Epi)Genetics in Depressive Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 670 .
AMA StylePiotr Gałecki, Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Michael Maes, Kuan-Pin Su. Neuroimmunology and (Epi)Genetics in Depressive Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (7):670.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Gałecki; Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Michael Maes; Kuan-Pin Su. 2021. "Neuroimmunology and (Epi)Genetics in Depressive Disorders." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7: 670.
Aim: Due to the fact that NRXN1 is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the NRXN1 gene in the etiology and epigenetics of depression by comparison of NRXN1 mRNA expression and NRXN1 protein level expression in patients suffering from depression versus healthy controls, as well as to search for clinical variables related to expression of the analyzed gene. Material and Methods: A total of 180 people aged 19–64 qualified for the study. The experimental group consisted of 97 people who were psychiatrically hospitalized, diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders (F33) or who met the diagnostic criteria of a depressive episode (F32) according to ICD-10. The control group included 83 healthy people who volunteered to participate in the study. A sample of peripheral blood was obtained from people who were positively qualified to participate in the study—twice in the experimental group and once in the control group for genetic testing. Sociodemographic variables and data on the course of the disorder were also gathered. Patients were examined on study entry and at the end of the hospitalization with the Hamilton Depression Scale. Obtained data were analyzed statistically. The study was approved by the University’s Bioethics Committee. Results: The gene expression of NRXN1 at both mRNA and protein level significantly differs and it is lower in the experimental group compared to expression in healthy people. The difference in gene expression of NRXN1 at both the mRNA and protein levels between the first and second measurement in the experimental group is also significant. The result demonstrates a higher expression level in the first measurement and lower expression level in the second measurement when reported depression symptoms are less severe. Conclusions: Results concerning expression of NRXN1 may play an important role in further researches about the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders such as looking for depression biomarkers and identifying evidence which may be relevant to personalize treatment for depression.
Aleksandra Skiba; Monika Talarowska; Janusz Szemraj; Piotr Gałecki. Is NRXN1 Gene Expression an Important Marker of Treatment of Depressive Disorders? A Pilot Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 637 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Skiba, Monika Talarowska, Janusz Szemraj, Piotr Gałecki. Is NRXN1 Gene Expression an Important Marker of Treatment of Depressive Disorders? A Pilot Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (7):637.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Skiba; Monika Talarowska; Janusz Szemraj; Piotr Gałecki. 2021. "Is NRXN1 Gene Expression an Important Marker of Treatment of Depressive Disorders? A Pilot Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7: 637.
Małgorzata Manowska; Piotr Gałecki. Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part I. Psychiatria Polska 2021, 55, 585 -598.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Manowska, Piotr Gałecki. Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part I. Psychiatria Polska. 2021; 55 (3):585-598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Manowska; Piotr Gałecki. 2021. "Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part I." Psychiatria Polska 55, no. 3: 585-598.
Małgorzata Manowska; Piotr Gałecki. Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part II. Psychiatria Polska 2021, 55, 599 -605.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Manowska, Piotr Gałecki. Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part II. Psychiatria Polska. 2021; 55 (3):599-605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Manowska; Piotr Gałecki. 2021. "Admission of a minor to a psychiatric hospital under Polish law. Part II." Psychiatria Polska 55, no. 3: 599-605.
(1) Background: The neurogenic theory suggests that impaired neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of the factors causing depression. Immunology also has an impact on neurotrophic factors. The aim of the study was to assess the importance of selected genes involved in the process of neurogenesis i.e., nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST gene) in the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. (2) Methods: A total of 189 subjects took part in the study (95 depressed patients, 94 healthy controls). Sociodemographic data were collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). RT-PCR was used to assess gene expression at the mRNA levels, while Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to assess gene expression at the protein level. (3) Results: Expression of NGF, BDNF, REST genes is lower in depressed patients than in the control group, whereas the expression of GDNF gene is higher in patients with depressive disorders than in the group of healthy volunteers. (4) Conclusions: The expression of selected genes might serve as a biomarker of depression.
Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Piotr Gałecki; Janusz Szemraj; Monika Talarowska. Expression of Selected Genes Involved in Neurogenesis in the Etiopathogenesis of Depressive Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 168 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Piotr Gałecki, Janusz Szemraj, Monika Talarowska. Expression of Selected Genes Involved in Neurogenesis in the Etiopathogenesis of Depressive Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (3):168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Piotr Gałecki; Janusz Szemraj; Monika Talarowska. 2021. "Expression of Selected Genes Involved in Neurogenesis in the Etiopathogenesis of Depressive Disorders." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 3: 168.
Background: The authors of this research study intended to verify whether there are any changes in gene expression in depressed patients without coexisting inflammatory diseases for selected immune-inflammatory factors that are particularly important in autoimmune disease pathogenesis (IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-35, Foxp3). Methods: The study was carried out on a group of 190 patients with depression and 100 healthy volunteers. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale. RT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression and ELISA was used to measure protein expression of these genes. Results: The level of gene expression for IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-35 was substantially higher in the group of patients with depression compared to the control group. The mean mRNA expression of Foxp3 was considerably reduced in patients suffering from depressive disorders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of hospitalizations and the expression of specific inflammatory factors. Conclusions: Expression of specific inflammatory genes may be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. The duration of the disease seems to be more important for the expression of the genes in question than the severity of depression. These cytokines may affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine functions in the brain as well as be a marker and a new potential therapeutic target for recurrent depressive disorders.
Małgorzata Gałecka; Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Agata Orzechowska; Janusz Szemraj; Michael Maes; Michael Berk; Kuan-Pin Su; Piotr Gałecki. Inflammatory versus Anti-Inflammatory Profiles in Major Depressive Disorders—The Role of IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-35 and Foxp3. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2021, 11, 66 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Gałecka, Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Agata Orzechowska, Janusz Szemraj, Michael Maes, Michael Berk, Kuan-Pin Su, Piotr Gałecki. Inflammatory versus Anti-Inflammatory Profiles in Major Depressive Disorders—The Role of IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-35 and Foxp3. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11 (2):66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Gałecka; Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Agata Orzechowska; Janusz Szemraj; Michael Maes; Michael Berk; Kuan-Pin Su; Piotr Gałecki. 2021. "Inflammatory versus Anti-Inflammatory Profiles in Major Depressive Disorders—The Role of IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-35 and Foxp3." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2: 66.
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements improve the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in randomized-controlled trials and meta-analyses, with the higher efficacy from anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than brain-dominant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To investigate the specific brain mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory anti-depressant nutraceutical compounds, we recruited 24 MDD subjects in this double-blind, head-to-head study with a 12-week EPA or DHA treatment (clinical trial registration number: NCT03871088). The depression severity was assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Brain responses to emotional stimuli were measured by a 3-Tesla MRI. The correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses also were tested. Compared to 18 healthy controls, the brain responses of untreated 24 MDD patients mainly revealed hypoactivity in the regions associated with emotion perception and emotion control when processing positive emotion. After treatment, more remitted MDD patients have been observed in the EPA as compared to the DHA groups. In addition, the EPA, but not DHA, treatment revealed increased activity in the regions associated with emotion perception and cognitive control when processing positive emotion. The correlation analysis further revealed negative correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses in cognitive control regions. The results of this study may imply the compensatory brain responses of cognitive and emotion controls by EPA but not DHA and underpin personalized medicine with anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals toward depression treatments.
Cheng-Hao Tu; Chun-Ming Chen; Chuan-Chih Yang; Piotr Gałecki; Kuan-Pin Su. Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2020, 10, 283 .
AMA StyleCheng-Hao Tu, Chun-Ming Chen, Chuan-Chih Yang, Piotr Gałecki, Kuan-Pin Su. Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2020; 10 (4):283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng-Hao Tu; Chun-Ming Chen; Chuan-Chih Yang; Piotr Gałecki; Kuan-Pin Su. 2020. "Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4: 283.
(1) Background: Activated immune-inflammatory pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and pathological obesity. Obesity might promote production of cytokine interleukin 17, which plays a significant role in neuro-immune reactions. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and IL-17 expression, taking into account the clinical psychiatric variables in patients with depression. (2) Methods: A total of 125 participants took part in the study (95 depressed patients, 30 healthy controls). Data concerning the course of depressive disorders and BMI were collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess IL-17 gene expression at the mRNA levels, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess IL-17 expression at the protein level. (3) Results: Patients with more hospitalizations showed significantly higher IL-17 mRNA expression levels and higher BMI. However, no correlation between BMI and IL-17 expression was found in depressed patients. (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed that BMI does not affect IL-17 expression in patients with depression. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of IL-17 inhibition on adipose tissue and vice versa.
Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Bernadeta Szewczyk; Małgorzata Gałecka; Kuan-Pin Su; Michael Maes; Janusz Szemraj; Piotr Gałecki. Is Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Expression A Common Point in the Pathogenesis of Depression and Obesity? Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 4018 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Bernadeta Szewczyk, Małgorzata Gałecka, Kuan-Pin Su, Michael Maes, Janusz Szemraj, Piotr Gałecki. Is Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Expression A Common Point in the Pathogenesis of Depression and Obesity? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (12):4018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska; Bernadeta Szewczyk; Małgorzata Gałecka; Kuan-Pin Su; Michael Maes; Janusz Szemraj; Piotr Gałecki. 2020. "Is Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Expression A Common Point in the Pathogenesis of Depression and Obesity?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12: 4018.
Current case definitions of schizophrenia (DSM-5, ICD), made through a consensus among experts, are not cross-validated and lack construct reliability validity. The aim of this paper is to explain how to use bottom-up pattern recognition approaches to construct a reliable and replicable nomothetic network reflecting the direct effects of risk resilience (RR) factors, and direct and mediated effects of both RR and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) on the schizophrenia phenome. This study was conducted using data from 40 healthy controls and 80 patients with schizophrenia. Using partial least squares (PLS) analysis, we found that 39.7% of the variance in the phenomenome (lowered self-reported quality of life) was explained by the unified effects of AOPs (IgA to tryptophan catabolites, LPS, and the paracellular pathway, cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers), the cognitome (memory and executive deficits), and symptomatome (negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders); 55.8% of the variance in the symptomatome was explained by a single trait extracted from AOPs and the cognitome; and 22.0% of the variance in the latter was explained by the RR (Q192R polymorphism and CMPAase activity, natural IgM, and IgM levels to zonulin). There were significant total effects (direct + mediated) of RR and AOPs on the symptomatome and the phenomenome. In the current study, we built a reliable nomothetic network that reflects the associations between RR, AOPs, and the phenome of schizophrenia and discovered new diagnostic subclasses of schizophrenia based on unified RR, AOPs, and phenome scores.
Michael Maes; Aristo Vojdani; Piotr Galecki; Buranee Kanchanatawan. How to Construct a Bottom-Up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia. Brain Sciences 2020, 10, 645 .
AMA StyleMichael Maes, Aristo Vojdani, Piotr Galecki, Buranee Kanchanatawan. How to Construct a Bottom-Up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Maes; Aristo Vojdani; Piotr Galecki; Buranee Kanchanatawan. 2020. "How to Construct a Bottom-Up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9: 645.
Current case definitions of schizophrenia (DSM-5, ICD), made through a consensus among experts, are not cross-validated and lack construct reliability validity. The aim of this paper is to explain how to use bottom-up pattern recognition approaches to construct a reliable and replicable nomothetic network reflecting the direct effects of risk resilience (RR) factors, and direct and mediated effects of both RR and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) on the schizophrenia phenome. This study was conducted using data of 40 healthy controls and 80 patients with schizophrenia. Using partial least Squares (PLS) analysis, we found that 39.7% of the variance in the phenomenome (lowered self-reported quality of life) was explained by the unified effects of AOPs (IgA to tryptophan catabolites, LPS, and the paracellular pathway, cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers), the cognitome (memory and executive deficits), and symptomatome (negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders); 55.8% of the variance in the symptomatome was explained by a single trait extracted from AOPs and the cognitome; and 22.0% of the variance in the latter was explained by the RR (Q192R polymorphism and CMPAaase activity, natural IgM, and IgM levels to zonulin). There were significant total effects (direct + mediated) of RR and AOPs on the symptomatome and phenomenome. In the current study, we built a reliable nomothetic network that reflects the associations between RR, AOPs, and the phenome of schizophrenia and discovered new diagnostic subclasses of schizophrenia based on unified RR, AOPs, and phenome scores.
Michael Maes; Aristo Vodjani; Piotr Galecki; Buranee Kanchanatawan. How to Construct a Bottom-up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMichael Maes, Aristo Vodjani, Piotr Galecki, Buranee Kanchanatawan. How to Construct a Bottom-up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Maes; Aristo Vodjani; Piotr Galecki; Buranee Kanchanatawan. 2020. "How to Construct a Bottom-up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia." , no. : 1.
Background: Depression and osteoporosis are severe public health problems. There are conflicting findings regarding the influence of depression on bone metabolism. The aim of the presented study was to compare bone turnover markers and vitamin D levels between patients treated for depression and healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We determined a concentration of osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25(OH)2D3 in 99 patients, aged 46.9 ± 11 years, treated for depression, as well as in 45 healthy subjects. Depressive status was determined with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS). Results: In patients treated for depression, we demonstrated significantly lower osteocalcin concentrations (p < 0.03) and higher concentration of β-CTX (result on the border of significance; p = 0.08). Those relationship were stronger in women. The level of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D3 did not differ significantly between the examined groups. We observed a negative correlation between the 25OHD and HDRS score after treatment in all patients treated for depression and in subgroups of women and subjects with recurrent depression. Conclusions: Our results indicate that depression is related to disturbances in bone metabolism, especially in women and patients with recurrent depression, suggesting its role in context of osteoporosis development.
Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak; Piotr Gałecki; Ewa Głowacka; Cezary Wojtyła; Przemysław Biliński; Andrzej Lewiński. Bone Metabolism in Patients Treated for Depression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4756 .
AMA StyleElżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak, Piotr Gałecki, Ewa Głowacka, Cezary Wojtyła, Przemysław Biliński, Andrzej Lewiński. Bone Metabolism in Patients Treated for Depression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (13):4756.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak; Piotr Gałecki; Ewa Głowacka; Cezary Wojtyła; Przemysław Biliński; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Bone Metabolism in Patients Treated for Depression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4756.
Introduction: Suicide is a serious world public health problem and still an interesting, controversial and difficult subject for theoretical and empirical considerations. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the prevalence of suicide in Poland in context of suicidal situation worldwide. Material and methods: This article is based on the available literature, National Polish Headquarters reports and World Health Organization data. Results and discussion: Many publications on suicide to date focus on showing the correlation between the suicide act and age, gender, social background, education, place of residence, marital status, season, climate, day of the week, and even a daily cycle. Profiles of a potential suicide are created. Suicide is the most serious cause of death among patients with mental disorders. However, scientific reports among people who commit suicide and attempt suicide also mention people, who are not mentally ill. There is no medical suicide reporting and analysis system in Poland. The National Police Headquarters publish annual report containing the number of suicides committed in Poland. Conclusions: Based on these statistics, from 1999 to 2018, we observe a variable level of suicide rates. In the discussed years 1999–2018 over 95,000 people have successfully committed suicide in our country. Poland is currently in second place in Europe in terms of juvenile suicides and one of the European countries where the gender disparity (advantage of men over women) in terms of suicides is the highest.
Agata Orzechowska; Maria Łukasik; Piotr Gałecki. Suicide – definition of the phenomenon and prevalence in Poland. Polish Annals of Medicine 2020, 1 -5.
AMA StyleAgata Orzechowska, Maria Łukasik, Piotr Gałecki. Suicide – definition of the phenomenon and prevalence in Poland. Polish Annals of Medicine. 2020; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Orzechowska; Maria Łukasik; Piotr Gałecki. 2020. "Suicide – definition of the phenomenon and prevalence in Poland." Polish Annals of Medicine , no. : 1-5.
Objectives: We aimed to explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, damage, repair and degradation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with depression and to compare the results with healthy subjects.Methods: Total genomic DNA was isolated from PBMCs of 25 depressed and 60 healthy subjects before, immediately after, and 3 h after the exposure to H2O2. Evaluation of mtDNA copy number was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. Semi-long run real-time PCR was used to estimate the number of mtDNA lesions.Results: Baseline mtDNA copy number did not differ in cells of healthy and depressed subjects; however, it was negatively correlated with the severity of the episode. After a 10-min challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depressed patients' PBMCs exhibited slower changes of the copy number, indicating a lower efficiency of mtDNA degradation compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly higher number of mtDNA lesions was found in depressed patients at the baseline as well as at other experimental time points. mtDNA lesions were also elevated in depressed patient cells immediately after H2O2 exposure. Induction of oxidative stress had no significant influence on the cells of controls.Conclusions: We are the first to show that impairment in repair and degradation of mtDNA may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
Piotr Czarny; Paulina Wigner; Justyna Strycharz; Ewa Swiderska; Ewelina Synowiec; Magdalena Szatkowska; Agnieszka Sliwinska; Monika Talarowska; Janusz Szemraj; Kuan-Pin Su; Michael Maes; Tomasz Sliwinski; Piotr Galecki. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2019, 21, 91 -101.
AMA StylePiotr Czarny, Paulina Wigner, Justyna Strycharz, Ewa Swiderska, Ewelina Synowiec, Magdalena Szatkowska, Agnieszka Sliwinska, Monika Talarowska, Janusz Szemraj, Kuan-Pin Su, Michael Maes, Tomasz Sliwinski, Piotr Galecki. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2019; 21 (2):91-101.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Czarny; Paulina Wigner; Justyna Strycharz; Ewa Swiderska; Ewelina Synowiec; Magdalena Szatkowska; Agnieszka Sliwinska; Monika Talarowska; Janusz Szemraj; Kuan-Pin Su; Michael Maes; Tomasz Sliwinski; Piotr Galecki. 2019. "Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder." The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 21, no. 2: 91-101.
Maria Filip; Marian Macander; Piotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska; Krzysztof Zboralski; Janusz Szemraj; Agata Orzechowska. Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress. Psychiatria Polska 2018, 52, 511 -524.
AMA StyleMaria Filip, Marian Macander, Piotr Gałecki, Monika Talarowska, Krzysztof Zboralski, Janusz Szemraj, Agata Orzechowska. Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress. Psychiatria Polska. 2018; 52 (3):511-524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Filip; Marian Macander; Piotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska; Krzysztof Zboralski; Janusz Szemraj; Agata Orzechowska. 2018. "Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress." Psychiatria Polska 52, no. 3: 511-524.
Piotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska. Inflammatory theory of depression. Psychiatria Polska 2018, 52, 437 -447.
AMA StylePiotr Gałecki, Monika Talarowska. Inflammatory theory of depression. Psychiatria Polska. 2018; 52 (3):437-447.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska. 2018. "Inflammatory theory of depression." Psychiatria Polska 52, no. 3: 437-447.
Paulina Żuchowicz; Katarzyna Bliźniewska; Monika Talarowska; Piotr Gałecki. Personality disorders in depression. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia 2018, 13, 25 -30.
AMA StylePaulina Żuchowicz, Katarzyna Bliźniewska, Monika Talarowska, Piotr Gałecki. Personality disorders in depression. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia. 2018; 13 (1):25-30.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Żuchowicz; Katarzyna Bliźniewska; Monika Talarowska; Piotr Gałecki. 2018. "Personality disorders in depression." Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia 13, no. 1: 25-30.
The aim of this study was to delineate the associations between the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway and affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Towards this end we measured immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM responses to relatively noxious TRYCATs, namely quinolinic (QA), xanthurenic (XA), picolinic (PA) acid and 3-OH-kynurenine (3HK), and generally protective TRYCATs, namely anthranilic (AA) and kynurenic (KA) acid in 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) and anxiety (HAMA), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) as well as the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS) were measured. Depression, anxiety and hypomanic as well as negative and positive symptoms were associated with increased IgA responses to PA. Increased IgA responses to XA were associated with anxiety, hypomanic and negative symptoms. Moreover, depressive, anxiety, hypomanic and negative symptoms were characterized by increased IgA responses to the noxious (XA+3HK+QA+PA)/protective (AA+KA) TRYCAT ratio. All symptom dimensions were associated with increased IgM responses to QA, while depressive, anxiety, positive and negative symptoms were accompanied by lowered IgM responses to 3HK. Hypomanic symptoms were additionally accompanied by lowered IgM responses to AA, and negative symptoms by increased IgM responses to KA. In conclusion, both shared and distinct alterations in the activity of the TRYCAT pathway, as well as its regulatory factors and consequences, may underpin affective and classical psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Increased mucosa-generated production of noxious TRYCATs, especially PA, and specific changes in IgM-mediated regulatory activities may be associated with the different symptom dimensions of schizophrenia.
Buranee Kanchanatawan; Sunee Sirivichayakul; André F. Carvalho; George Anderson; Piotr Galecki; Michael Maes. Depressive, anxiety and hypomanic symptoms in schizophrenia may be driven by tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) patterning of IgA and IgM responses directed to TRYCATs. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2018, 80, 205 -216.
AMA StyleBuranee Kanchanatawan, Sunee Sirivichayakul, André F. Carvalho, George Anderson, Piotr Galecki, Michael Maes. Depressive, anxiety and hypomanic symptoms in schizophrenia may be driven by tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) patterning of IgA and IgM responses directed to TRYCATs. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2018; 80 ():205-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuranee Kanchanatawan; Sunee Sirivichayakul; André F. Carvalho; George Anderson; Piotr Galecki; Michael Maes. 2018. "Depressive, anxiety and hypomanic symptoms in schizophrenia may be driven by tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) patterning of IgA and IgM responses directed to TRYCATs." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 80, no. : 205-216.
Piotr Gałecki; Małgorzata Kowalczyk. Interleukin 17 and Treg – a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression. Reumatologia/Rheumatology 2018, 56, 201 -202.
AMA StylePiotr Gałecki, Małgorzata Kowalczyk. Interleukin 17 and Treg – a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression. Reumatologia/Rheumatology. 2018; 56 (4):201-202.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Gałecki; Małgorzata Kowalczyk. 2018. "Interleukin 17 and Treg – a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression." Reumatologia/Rheumatology 56, no. 4: 201-202.
The aim of research studies in the field of psychiatry conducted in recent years is to formulate a consistent theory that would exhaustively explain the aetiology of depression. So far, biochemical, genetic, anatomical and environmental factors, which may play a role in the occurrence of the first symptoms of depressive disorders, have been sought. The authors of this paper present a theory that combines the previously mentioned elements into one whole and links them to one another. We have called our theory "neurodevelopmental" to underline the importance and impact of earlier stages of human life, including the prenatal period, on the occurrence of depressive disorders. We will make an attempt to find an answer to why this time in the life of a human being is so important, what kind of biological mechanisms are activated then, and what aspects of our later functioning are affected by them.
Piotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska. Neurodevelopmental theory of depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2018, 80, 267 -272.
AMA StylePiotr Gałecki, Monika Talarowska. Neurodevelopmental theory of depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2018; 80 ():267-272.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Gałecki; Monika Talarowska. 2018. "Neurodevelopmental theory of depression." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 80, no. : 267-272.