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Underground environments present challenges for providing and managing effective emergency care. Situational awareness (SA) has been suggested as a critical process to the management of care. This study aims to explore the process of SA in the tasks of an ambulance incident commander (AIC) during a fullscale underground mine exercise. Data consisted of video recordings, audiotapes and fieldnotes; these were subjected to content analysis based on the categories from the Busby Theory of Situational Awareness in Multi-casualty Incidents. The results show that the underground mining environment presented the AIC with specific challenges for the SA process with respect to aspects such as situational information about the scene and the victims, as well as with making decisions for ambulance personnel so they could perform their work safely, and having a structured manner to counteract information overload. Both technical and non-technical aspects influenced the process. The AIC’s situational awareness was largely built through coordinated communications and actions with collaborating actors. The results of this study can be used for further exploration of how to train and support people in medical leadership roles on aspects of SA in emergency care, as well as on how to evaluate educational outcomes through exercises.
Annika Eklund; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. Situational awareness during a full-scale exercise in an underground mine: A qualitative single-case study of the ambulance incident commander. International Emergency Nursing 2020, 54, 100950 .
AMA StyleAnnika Eklund, Britt-Inger Saveman, Lina Gyllencreutz. Situational awareness during a full-scale exercise in an underground mine: A qualitative single-case study of the ambulance incident commander. International Emergency Nursing. 2020; 54 ():100950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnika Eklund; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. 2020. "Situational awareness during a full-scale exercise in an underground mine: A qualitative single-case study of the ambulance incident commander." International Emergency Nursing 54, no. : 100950.
A major fire incident in a Swedish underground mine made the personnel from the mining company and the rescue service realize their limited preparedness. It was the beginning of a collaboration project that included the development of a new exercise model for a more effective joint rescue operation practice. The aim of this study was to explore the collaborative learning process of exercise organizers from the rescue service, mining companies, the emergency medical service, a training company, and academia. The analysis was performed through the application of the theory cycle of expansive learning to the material consisting of documents from 16 collaboration meetings and 11 full-scale exercises. The learning process started by the participants questioning the present practice of the rescue operation and analyzing it by creating a flow chart. An essential part of the process was to model new tools in order to increase the potential for collaboration. The tools were examined and tested during collaboration meetings and implemented during full-scale exercises. The exercise organizers reflected that the process led to organizational development and a better understanding of the other organizations’ perspectives. Consequently, a tentative model for developing the learning process of exercise organizers was developed.
Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Magnus Hultin; Annika Eklund; Lina Gyllencreutz. Expansive Learning Process of Exercise Organizers: The Case of Major Fire Incident Exercises in Underground Mines. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5790 .
AMA StyleSofia Karlsson, Britt-Inger Saveman, Magnus Hultin, Annika Eklund, Lina Gyllencreutz. Expansive Learning Process of Exercise Organizers: The Case of Major Fire Incident Exercises in Underground Mines. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5790.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Magnus Hultin; Annika Eklund; Lina Gyllencreutz. 2020. "Expansive Learning Process of Exercise Organizers: The Case of Major Fire Incident Exercises in Underground Mines." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5790.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was from a Swedish perspective to map experts' opinions on theoretical statements of essential collaboration activities for management of mining injury incidents.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi technique was performed, asking opinions from experts in iterative rounds to generate understanding and form consensus on group opinion around multi-agency management. The experts were personnel from emergency medical service, rescue service and mine industry, all with operative command positions.FindingsThree iterative rounds were performed. The first round was conducted as a workshop to collect opinions about the most important multi-agency collaboration activities to optimize victim's outcome from an injury incident in an underground mine. This resulted in 63 statements and additional three were added during the second round. The statements were divided into one trajectory and seventh time phases and comprised, e.g. early alarm routines, support of early life-saving interventions, relevant resources and equipment for the assignment and command and control center and functions with predefined action plans for response. It also comprised shared and communicated decisions about each agency's responsibility and safety. All statements reached consensus among the experts in Round 3.Research limitations/implicationsThe experts included in this study seem to be adequate but there could be other experts and different statements that other researchers might consider.Practical implicationsThese statements could be used to evaluate collaboration in major incidents exercises. The statements can also be quality indicators for reporting results from multi-agency management.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the research field of collaboration and joint practices between and among personnel involved in rescue operations.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Monica Rådestad; Britt-Inger Saveman. Templates for handling multi-agency collaboration activities and priorities in mining injury incidents: a Delphi study. International Journal of Emergency Services 2020, 9, 257 -271.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Monica Rådestad, Britt-Inger Saveman. Templates for handling multi-agency collaboration activities and priorities in mining injury incidents: a Delphi study. International Journal of Emergency Services. 2020; 9 (3):257-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Monica Rådestad; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2020. "Templates for handling multi-agency collaboration activities and priorities in mining injury incidents: a Delphi study." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 3: 257-271.
Responding to mass casualty incidents in a tunnel environment is problematic not least from a prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) perspective. The aim of this review was to 1) categorize preconditions for emergency response in tunnel environments based on Haddon’s matrix and 2) identify specific EMS knowledge of providing prehospital care. Twenty eight articles, reports and book chapters were selected for further analysis. Firstly, sorting the data from each included article was done according to Haddon’s matrix. The result covers human factors, technical factors, physical environmental factors and socioeconomic environmental factors all related to preconditions for emergency response. To describe the EMS’s knowledge the data was also sorted according to command and safety, communication, assessment, and triage treatment and transport, also known as CSCATT. Few studies, especially of high quality, actually provide detailed information regarding emergency response to tunnel incidents and those that do, often have a main focus on management by the rescue service. While many incidents studied were caused by fires in tunnels, thus requiring rescue service in action, the subsequent EMS response issues that have taken place appear to have been given limited attention. To optimize the survival rates and health of the injured, as well as to provide a safe and effective work environment for the emergency services, there is a need to explore the event phase.
Annelie Holgersson; Annika Eklund; Lina Gyllencreutz; Britt-Inger Saveman. Emergency Medical Response in Mass Casualty Tunnel Incidents—with Emphasis on Prehospital Care. Journal of Human Security 2020, 16, 3-15 .
AMA StyleAnnelie Holgersson, Annika Eklund, Lina Gyllencreutz, Britt-Inger Saveman. Emergency Medical Response in Mass Casualty Tunnel Incidents—with Emphasis on Prehospital Care. Journal of Human Security. 2020; 16 (1):3-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnelie Holgersson; Annika Eklund; Lina Gyllencreutz; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2020. "Emergency Medical Response in Mass Casualty Tunnel Incidents—with Emphasis on Prehospital Care." Journal of Human Security 16, no. 1: 3-15.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine emergency medical service (EMS) personnel’s perceptions and experiences of managing underground mining injury incidents. Design/methodology/approach In total, 13 EMS personnel were interviewed according to a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings An underground mining environment was described as unfamiliar and unsafe and, with no guidelines for operational actions in an extreme environment, such as underground mines, the EMS personnel were uncertain of their role. They therefore became passive and relied on the rescue service and mining company during a major incident. However, the medical care was not considered to be different from any other prehospital care, although a mining environment would make the situation more difficult and it would take longer for the mine workers to be placed under definitive care. Originality/value This study complements earlier studies by examining the EMS personnel’s perceptions and experiences of major incidents.
Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. The medical perspective on mining incidents. International Journal of Emergency Services 2019, 8, 236 -246.
AMA StyleSofia Karlsson, Britt-Inger Saveman, Lina Gyllencreutz. The medical perspective on mining incidents. International Journal of Emergency Services. 2019; 8 (3):236-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. 2019. "The medical perspective on mining incidents." International Journal of Emergency Services 8, no. 3: 236-246.
High demands are placed on the emergency medical services to handle rescue operations in challenging environments such as tunnels. In Oslo, Norway a specialised management function within the emergency medical services, the medical on-scene commander, in line with the command structure within the police and fire brigade, might support or take over command and control from the ambulance incident officer arriving as the first ambulance personnel on scene. The aim was to shed light on the emergency medical service experiences from real tunnel incidents described by the Oslo medical on-scene commanders. Interviews were conducted with six of the seven medical on-scene commander in Oslo, Norway. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The overall theme was “A need for mutual understanding of a tunnel incident”. The medical on-scene commander provided tactical support, using their special knowledge of risk objects and resources in the local area. They established operation plans with other emergency services (the police and fire brigade) in a structured and trustful way, thus creating a fluent and coordinated mission. Also, less time was spent arguing at the incident site. By socialising also outside ordinary working hours, a strong foundation of reliance was built between the different parties. A challenge in recent years has been the increasing ordinary workload, giving less opportunity for training and exchange of experiences between the three emergency services. The enthusiastic pioneers within the three emergency services have created a sense of familiarity and trust. A specially trained medical on-scene commander at a tunnel incident is regarded to improve the medical management. To improve efficiency, this might be worth studying for other emergency medical services with similar conditions, i.e. tunnels in densely populated areas.
Johan Hylander; Britt-Inger Saveman; Ulf Björnstig; Lina Gyllencreutz. Prehospital management provided by medical on-scene commanders in tunnel incidents in Oslo, Norway – an interview study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019, 27, 1 -7.
AMA StyleJohan Hylander, Britt-Inger Saveman, Ulf Björnstig, Lina Gyllencreutz. Prehospital management provided by medical on-scene commanders in tunnel incidents in Oslo, Norway – an interview study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2019; 27 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohan Hylander; Britt-Inger Saveman; Ulf Björnstig; Lina Gyllencreutz. 2019. "Prehospital management provided by medical on-scene commanders in tunnel incidents in Oslo, Norway – an interview study." Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 27, no. 1: 1-7.
Introduction:The underground mining industry has one of the most hazardous industrial occupations, and requires an increased level of preparedness for injury incidents. The most important outcome for seriously injured victims is the reduction in morbidity and mortality. Receiving effective and timely care may mean the difference between life and death. However, mines are usually located in a rural area and the incident site may be deep underground which makes it an extraordinary challenge for the rescue services. A successful rescue response in an extraordinary milieu demands a high level of inter-organizational cooperation skills at the incident site.Aim:To analyze statements of collaborate activities during a major incident exercise in the underground mine industry, essentially for patient outcome.Methods:A Delphi technique was performed, asking opinions from experts in iterative rounds to generate, understand, and form consensus on group opinion around this complex issue. The experts were personnel from disaster medicine (n=3), emergency and prehospital medicine (n=10), rescue service (n=16), and mine industry (n=9), all with operative command positions.Results:Three iterative rounds were performed. The first round was conducted as a workshop to collect opinions about the most important inter-organization cooperation activities to optimize patient outcome from an injury incident in an underground mine. This resulted in 63 statements. The statements included information about: early alarm routines, collaborative support and efforts of early life-saving interventions, relevant resources and equipment, command and control room, and functions. In round two participants shared and communicated decisions about safety, situation awareness, and guidelines for response. All statements reached consensus among the experts in round three.Discussion:These inter-organizational statements are considered important by experts, and could be used to evaluate collaboration in major incident exercises. Hence, the statements can also be quality indicators for reporting results from major incident management.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman. Developing Collaboration Quality Indicators for Major Incidents in an Underground Mine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2019, 34, s117 -s117.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Sofia Karlsson, Britt-Inger Saveman. Developing Collaboration Quality Indicators for Major Incidents in an Underground Mine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2019; 34 (s1):s117-s117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2019. "Developing Collaboration Quality Indicators for Major Incidents in an Underground Mine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. s1: s117-s117.
Introduction:Major incident exercises are expensive to plan and execute, and often difficult to evaluate objectively. There is a need for a generic methodology for reporting results and experiences from major incidents so that data can be used for analysis, to compare results, exchange experiences, and for international collaboration in methodological development. Most protocols use data describing the incident hazards, prehospital and hospital resources available and alerted transport resources, and communication systems. However, the successful management of a rescue response during a major incident also demands a high level of command skills.Aim:The aim of this study was to analyze the command and collaboration skills among the emergency service on-scene commanders and the mine director for safety and security during a full-scale major incident exercise in an underground mine.Methods:The commander functions were observed during a full-scale major incident exercise. Audio and video observations and notes were analyzed using a study-specific scheme developed through a Delphi study, including inter-agency collaborative support and efforts of early life-saving interventions; relevant resources and equipment; and shared and communicated decisions about safety, situation awareness and medical guidelines for response. After the exercise additional interviews were made with those responsible for the command functions.Results:Preliminary results indicate that most decisions were not taken in collaboration. Elaborated results will be presented at the conference.Discussion:Command and collaboration skills can benefit from objective evaluations of full-scale major incident exercises to identify areas that must be improved to optimize patient outcome.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman. Evaluating Full-Scale Exercises to Optimize Patient Outcome in an Underground Mine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2019, 34, s128 -s128.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Sofia Karlsson, Britt-Inger Saveman. Evaluating Full-Scale Exercises to Optimize Patient Outcome in an Underground Mine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2019; 34 (s1):s128-s128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Sofia Karlsson; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2019. "Evaluating Full-Scale Exercises to Optimize Patient Outcome in an Underground Mine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. s1: s128-s128.
Venous blood specimen collection is an important practical task that results in an analysis response that often leads to a clinical decision. Errors due to inaccurate venous blood specimen collection are frequently reported and can jeopardize patient safety because inaccurate specimens may result in a delayed or incorrect diagnosis and treatment. However, few healthcare personnel have written an error report regarding venous blood specimen collection practices. The aim of this study is to describe the experiences of healthcare personnel with incident reporting of venous blood specimen collection practices in primary health care. Our study is based on 30 individual interviews with healthcare personnel from 10 primary health care centres. Data were analysed using qualitative content analyses. Personnel experiences of incident reporting were summarized in three categories; Uncertainties in the planning and organization, High workload and low priority and, A need for support and guidance. More specifically, barriers hinder personnel in reporting mistakes. An interpretation based on the results is that surrounding circumstances within the organization influence whether personnel report mistakes or not. The result indicates a need for parallel systems, to identify and report errors or near-misses to prevent mistakes. Processed incidents should be returned promptly to the personnel to use as a learning experience. Having a valid questionnaire and a key person to write an incident report, might reduce the burden on the health care staff and increase the numbers of incident reports and patient safety.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Ida Pedersen; Elisabeth Enarsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Karin Bölenius. The experience of healthcare staff of incident reporting with respect to venous blood specimen collection practices’. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety 2019, 17, 146 -155.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Ida Pedersen, Elisabeth Enarsson, Britt-Inger Saveman, Karin Bölenius. The experience of healthcare staff of incident reporting with respect to venous blood specimen collection practices’. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety. 2019; 17 (2):146-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Ida Pedersen; Elisabeth Enarsson; Britt-Inger Saveman; Karin Bölenius. 2019. "The experience of healthcare staff of incident reporting with respect to venous blood specimen collection practices’." Policy and Practice in Health and Safety 17, no. 2: 146-155.
Approximately 36,000 Swedish children seek medical care annually because of injuries during school time. The purpose of this field study is to investigate risky outdoor play at the school yard and to describe teachers’ perceptions of risk and safety in relation to learning and development. The study includes observations of children (6–12 years old) during outdoor activities as part of the school’s activities and includes focus-group interviews with teachers and children. Children were seen climbing high in play facilities, speeding down slides, or competing with sticks in the woods. Different views of risk and safety among the participants influence outdoor play activities. Teachers’ knowledge of risk seems to be derived from common sense and personal experiences rather than from a professional perspective. A joint approach of educational and medicine disciplines is desirable when it comes to children’s health and development.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Ewa Rolfsman; Gun-Marie Frånberg; Britt-Inger Saveman. Injury risks during outdoor play among Swedish schoolchildren: teachers’ perceptions and injury preventive practices. Education 3-13 2018, 48, 1 -11.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Ewa Rolfsman, Gun-Marie Frånberg, Britt-Inger Saveman. Injury risks during outdoor play among Swedish schoolchildren: teachers’ perceptions and injury preventive practices. Education 3-13. 2018; 48 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Ewa Rolfsman; Gun-Marie Frånberg; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2018. "Injury risks during outdoor play among Swedish schoolchildren: teachers’ perceptions and injury preventive practices." Education 3-13 48, no. 1: 1-11.
There is a lack of long-term follow-up studies focused on injured and uninjured survivors’ experiences of the recovery process after major traffic crashes. To explore all survivors’ experiences of long-term physical and psychological consequences and recovery 5 years after a major bus crash. A qualitative design was used to explore experiences in a 5-year follow-up study. Participants were 54 survivors of a bus crash with 56 survivors and six fatalities. Telephone interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The first category, ‘Being resilient or suffering in daily life’, has four subcategories covering quick recovery, suffering in daily life, distress in traffic situations and long-term pain. Reasons for quick recovery among survivors were previous crisis experiences, travelling alone, being uninjured and not being exposed to traumatic impressions. For the other survivors, being reminded of the crash caused disturbing reactions, such as sweating, anxiety and flashbacks. Survivors avoided going by bus if they could. A group of the injured survivors was still suffering from limiting and painful injuries. The second category, ‘Reassessing oneself and social connections’, has three subcategories covering self-awareness, impact on relationships and connectedness. Survivors either developed a stronger bond to their significant other or separated from their partner within the first couple of years. Friendships and a sense of connectedness among survivors were sources of long-lasting comfort and support. The theme overarching the categories is ‘Visible and existential marks in everyday life’, representing the various ways in which the crash influence the survivors’ lives. There is a need for more information about disruptive long-lasting consequences, such as travel anxiety, and available treatments. Initially, health-promoting connectedness can be facilitated by treating survivors as a group of people who belong together, from the day of the crash and throughout the recovery process.
Isabelle Doohan; Lina Gyllencreutz; Ulf Bjornstig; Britt-Inger Saveman. Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2018, 32, 1179 -1187.
AMA StyleIsabelle Doohan, Lina Gyllencreutz, Ulf Bjornstig, Britt-Inger Saveman. Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2018; 32 (3):1179-1187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabelle Doohan; Lina Gyllencreutz; Ulf Bjornstig; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2018. "Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 32, no. 3: 1179-1187.
•This questionnaire measure prehospital preparedness and aspects lacking.•Using this questionnaire contribute to increase quality assurance in prehospital care.•The results give ideas for education and practice in prehospital care.•Iterative use of the valid questionnaire may increase patient safety and PEN’s health. AbstractIn recent decades, prehospital emergency care has undergone extensive development. Today, prehospital emergency nurses (PENs) are well trained and provide advanced care to patients of all ages. Caring for pediatric trauma patients is considered to be particularly demanding. However, in Sweden and internationally, there is a lack of research regarding PENs’ preparedness for caring for pediatric trauma patients. Objective: The development and testing of a questionnaire on self-reported preparedness among PENs caring for pediatric trauma patients in a prehospital emergency setting. Methods: Questionnaire development included face and content validity tests resulting in 38 questions. Eighteen of these questions were analyzed by test-retest. The content of the questionnaire was statistically analyzed. Results: Fifteen questions were considered valid after reliability and validity tests. Three questions did not fulfill the stability criteria. The content analyses show a low degree of experience with pediatric trauma patients and half of the participants reported stress symptoms when responding to such alarms. Conclusion: The questionnaire assessing PENs preparedness caring for pediatric trauma patients in Sweden is considered to be suitable for research and clinical practice to improve the care of pediatric trauma patients and the health of PENs, although further testing of the questionnaire is required. In recent decades, prehospital emergency care has undergone extensive development. Today, prehospital emergency nurses (PENs) are well trained and provide advanced care to patients of all ages. Caring for pediatric trauma patients is considered to be particularly demanding. However, in Sweden and internationally, there is a lack of research regarding PENs’ preparedness for caring for pediatric trauma patients. Objective: The development and testing of a questionnaire on self-reported preparedness among PENs caring for pediatric trauma patients in a prehospital emergency setting. Methods: Questionnaire development included face and content validity tests resulting in 38 questions. Eighteen of these questions were analyzed by test-retest. The content of the questionnaire was statistically analyzed. Results: Fifteen questions were considered valid after reliability and validity tests. Three questions did not fulfill the stability criteria. The content analyses show a low degree of experience with pediatric trauma patients and half of the participants reported stress symptoms when responding to such alarms. Conclusion: The questionnaire assessing PENs preparedness caring for pediatric trauma patients in Sweden is considered to be suitable for research and clinical practice to improve the care of pediatric trauma patients and the health of PENs, although further testing of the questionnaire is required.
Karin Bölenius; Christin Vestin; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. Validating a questionnaire - prehospital preparedness for pediatric trauma patients. International Emergency Nursing 2017, 34, 2 -6.
AMA StyleKarin Bölenius, Christin Vestin, Britt-Inger Saveman, Lina Gyllencreutz. Validating a questionnaire - prehospital preparedness for pediatric trauma patients. International Emergency Nursing. 2017; 34 ():2-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarin Bölenius; Christin Vestin; Britt-Inger Saveman; Lina Gyllencreutz. 2017. "Validating a questionnaire - prehospital preparedness for pediatric trauma patients." International Emergency Nursing 34, no. : 2-6.
Senior citizens get around, to a large extent, as pedestrians, and safe walking is desirable for senior citizens allowing them to stay mobile, independent and healthy in old age. Senior citizens are over-represented in injury statistics, and fall-related injuries are common. The aim of this study was to investigate fall-related injuries including healthcare costs among senior citizen pedestrians injured when walking in public outdoor environments and to describe their self-reported causes and suggested preventive strategies. The data were based on a combination of information from injury data and a questionnaire. Three hundred senior citizens attended one emergency department after sustaining injuries from pedestrian falls; 60% suffered nonminor injuries, mostly fractures. One-fifth of the pedestrians were hospitalised for an average of 8 days with an indirect hospital cost of 6.2 million EUR (55 million SEK). Environmental factors such as ice were the most commonly described cause of the injury incident. Forty per cent of the respondents indicated that the municipality was responsible for the cause of the injury incident. Fewer respondents mentioned their own responsibility as a preventive strategy. Thirty per cent described a combination of improvements such as better road maintenance, changes in human behaviour and use of safety products as preventive strategies. It is of great importance to highlight general safety, products and preventive strategies to minimise injury risks, so that pedestrians can safely realise the known health benefits of walking and thereby limit healthcare costs.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Johanna Björnstig; Ewa Rolfsman; Britt-Inger Saveman. Outdoor pedestrian fall-related injuries among Swedish senior citizens - injuries and preventive strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2014, 29, 225 -233.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Johanna Björnstig, Ewa Rolfsman, Britt-Inger Saveman. Outdoor pedestrian fall-related injuries among Swedish senior citizens - injuries and preventive strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2014; 29 (2):225-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Johanna Björnstig; Ewa Rolfsman; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2014. "Outdoor pedestrian fall-related injuries among Swedish senior citizens - injuries and preventive strategies." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 29, no. 2: 225-233.
The aim was to investigate non-minor injuries sustained during outdoor activities among 0–12 year old children and to explore self-reported circumstances surrounding these incidents. During 2007–2009, the Umeå University Hospital injury database (IDB) registered 795 children with moderate (n = 778) and serious (n = 17) injuries, such as fractures. The IDB includes data from a questionnaire completed in the emergency department by the injured child or a parent. The open-ended questions catch the injured child's description of what circumstances precede the injury incident. The most commonly reported activities contributing to injuries were play, sport, and transport. Surface impacts were also reported as contributing factors along with products such as trampolines, bicycles, and downhill skis. By achieving a deeper knowledge about the activities and circumstances that precede non-minor injury incidents, creating safer outdoor environments may be feasible.
Lina Gyllencreutz; Ewa Rolfsman; Britt-Inger Saveman. Non-minor injuries among children sustained in an outdoor environment – a retrospective register study. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2013, 22, 3 -10.
AMA StyleLina Gyllencreutz, Ewa Rolfsman, Britt-Inger Saveman. Non-minor injuries among children sustained in an outdoor environment – a retrospective register study. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2013; 22 (1):3-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Gyllencreutz; Ewa Rolfsman; Britt-Inger Saveman. 2013. "Non-minor injuries among children sustained in an outdoor environment – a retrospective register study." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 22, no. 1: 3-10.