Purpose: To analyze the incidence, risk factors, and time course of intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex).Methods: The medical charts of 421 consecutive eyes (361 patients) receiving one or more Ozurdex implant between October 2010 and February 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Ocular hypertension was defined as intraocular pressure of at least 25 mmHg or an increase of at least 10 mmHg from baseline. The main indications for treatment were retinal vein occlusion (34%), diabetic macular edema (30%), postsurgical macular edema (17%), uveitis (14%), and other etiologies (5%).Results: Among 1,000 intravitreal injections, ocular hypertension was recorded for 28.5% of injected eyes over a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months (3–55). Intraocular pressure-lowering medication was required for 31% of eyes. Only three eyes with preexisting glaucoma required filtering surgery to manage postinjection intraocular pressure elevation. Early retreatment between the third and fourth month does not increase the risk of intraocular pressure elevation. Younger age, male sex, Type 1 diabetes, preexisting glaucoma treated with dual or triple therapy, and a history of retinal vein occlusion or uveitis were significant risk factors for ocular hypertension after dexamethasone implant injection (P< 0.05 for all the above).Conclusion: Episodes of ocular hypertension after Ozurdex implant were generally transient and successfully managed with topical treatment. An analysis of the risk factors may help to determine the risk–benefit ratio for individual patients treated with dexamethasone implants.

Purpose: To determine a threshold for interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio in the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous for the screening of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Methods: One hundred nineteen patients for whom IL-10 and IL-6 in the AH and/or vitreous had been measured were included: 16 patients with a final diagnosis of VRL and 103 patients with final diagnosis of uveitis. Groups were compared according to IL-10 and IL-6 levels and demographic data. Results: In patients with VRL (Group 1), mean IL-10 values were 5,636 pg/mL, and in patients with uveitis (Group 2), 6.7 pg/mL in the vitreous and 190 pg/mL in Group 1 and 8.6 pg/mL in the AH. In Group 1, the mean IL-10/IL-6 ratio was 29.02 in the vitreous and 10.9 in the AH; in Group 2, ratio was 0.1 in both humors. These values were significantly different between patients with VRL and with uveitis (P < 0.001). A cutoff of 65 pg/mL and 30 pg/mL IL-10 in the vitreous and AH, respectively, was associated with sensitivity of 93% and 78%, respectively, and specificity of 100% and 97%, respectively. A ratio higher than 1 in the vitreous had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Vitreoretinal lymphoma diagnosis is difficult, and tools like interleukin measurements in AH and vitreous can make it easier. The use of a cutoff for IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio could allow for an earlier diagnosis that may improve prognosis.

A 23-year-old woman with -14.00 diopters of myopia requested emmetropia for professional reasons. An ICM 130 V2 myopic phakic intraocular lens (IOL) (Staar Surgical AG) was implanted in the posterior chamber. Three days later, the patient developed malignant glaucoma. Pupillary block glaucoma and choroidal hemorrhage or effusion were ruled out. As maximum medical treatment failed, rapid secondary surgery was performed with sclerotomy, aspiration in the midvitreous cavity, and removal of the IOL. The follow-up was 43 months.