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Dr. SHAHID HUSSAIN
Bahauddin Zakariya University

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0 Plant Nutrition
0 Soil Fertility
0 Soil Science
0 Biofortification
0 Heavy Metal Stress

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Journal article
Published: 18 August 2021 in Agronomy
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Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for stomata- and yield-related attributes with high-density Illumina 90 K Infinium SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array in bread wheat to determine genetic potential of germplasm for scarce water resources with sustainable yield potential. Major yield and stomata attributes were phenotyped on a panel of Pakistani and foreign accessions grown in non-stressed and water shortage environments during two seasons. Highly significant variations were shown among accessions in both conditions for examined characteristics. Water shortage conditions reduced the overall wheat yield and strong positive correlation existed among stomatal frequency, leaf venation and grain yield per plant. Population structure analyses based on 90,000 SNP data classified the accessions into four sub-populations which indicated the presence of genetic variability. Marker-trait association (MTA) analyses revealed that 422 significant SNPs at p ≤ 10−3, after crossing the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 threshold, were linked with examined attributes. Pleiotropic loci (wsnp_Ex_c8913_14881924 and Tdurum_contig10598_304) were associated with flag leaf area (FLA), stomata size (SS), stomata frequency (SF), leaf venation (LV), number of grain per spike (NGS) and grain yield per plant (GYP), which were located on chromosome 4B and 6B at the positions 173.63cM and 229.64cM, respectively, under water shortage conditions. Pleotropic loci wsnp_Ex_c24167_33416760, wsnp_Ex_c5412_9564046 and Tdurum_contig81797_369 on chromosomes 7A, 2A and 4B at the positions 148.26cM, 261.05cM and 173.63cM, respectively, were significantly linked with stomata and yield indices such as FLA, SS, SF, LV, NGS and GYP under normal and water shortage conditions. The current experiment not only validated several MTAs for studied indices reported in other studies but also discovered novel MTAs significant under water shortage environments. Associated and significant SNPs will be useful in discovering novel genes underpinning water shortage tolerance in bread wheat for producing high-yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties to fulfill the wheat demand for growing populations.

ACS Style

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed; Muhammad Nouman Iqbal; Muhammad Arslan Iqbal; Yawen Zeng; Aziz Ullah; Muhammad Iqbal; Humayun Raza; Muhammad Majid Yar; Nadeem Sarwar; Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain. Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stomata and Yield Indices in Bread Wheat under Water Limited Conditions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1646 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Muhammad Nouman Iqbal, Muhammad Arslan Iqbal, Yawen Zeng, Aziz Ullah, Muhammad Iqbal, Humayun Raza, Muhammad Majid Yar, Nadeem Sarwar, Muhammad Imran, Saddam Hussain. Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stomata and Yield Indices in Bread Wheat under Water Limited Conditions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed; Muhammad Nouman Iqbal; Muhammad Arslan Iqbal; Yawen Zeng; Aziz Ullah; Muhammad Iqbal; Humayun Raza; Muhammad Majid Yar; Nadeem Sarwar; Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain. 2021. "Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stomata and Yield Indices in Bread Wheat under Water Limited Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1646.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Biomolecules
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Soil salinity is the major limiting factor restricting plant growth and development. Little is known about the comparative and combined effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) seed priming and foliar application on maize under salt stress. The current study determined the impact of different application methods of GA3 on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of maize seedlings under three salinity stress treatments (no salinity, moderate salinity-6 dS m−1, and severe salinity-12 dS m−1). The GA3 treatments consisted of control, hydro-priming (HP), water foliar spray (WFS), HP + WFS, seed priming with GA3 (GA3P, 100 mg L−1), foliar spray with GA3 (GA3FS, 100ppm) and GA3P + GA3FS. Salt stress particularly at 12 dS m−1 reduced the length of shoots and roots, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, K+ ion accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while enhanced the oxidative damage and accumulation of the Na+ ion in maize plants. Nevertheless, the application of GA3 improved maize growth, reduced oxidative stress, and increased the antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidant genes expression, and K+ ion concentration under salt stress. Compared with control, the GA3P + GA3FS recorded the highest increase in roots and shoots length (19–37%), roots fresh and dry weights (31–43%), shoots fresh and dry weights (31–47%), chlorophyll content (21–70%), antioxidant enzymes activities (73.03–150.74%), total soluble protein (13.05%), K+ concentration (13–23%) and antioxidants genes expression levels under different salinity levels. This treatment also reduced the H2O2 content, and Na+ ion concentration. These results indicated that GA3P + GA3FS could be used as an effective tool for improving the maize growth and development, and reducing the oxidative stress in salt-contaminated soils.

ACS Style

Kashif Shahzad; Sadam Hussain; Muhammad Arfan; Saddam Hussain; Ejaz Waraich; Shahid Zamir; Maham Saddique; Abdur Rauf; Khaled Kamal; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1005 .

AMA Style

Kashif Shahzad, Sadam Hussain, Muhammad Arfan, Saddam Hussain, Ejaz Waraich, Shahid Zamir, Maham Saddique, Abdur Rauf, Khaled Kamal, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (7):1005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Shahzad; Sadam Hussain; Muhammad Arfan; Saddam Hussain; Ejaz Waraich; Shahid Zamir; Maham Saddique; Abdur Rauf; Khaled Kamal; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes." Biomolecules 11, no. 7: 1005.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Plants
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Maize is one of the most economically important cereal crops worldwide. Salinity coupled with waterlogging is a major challenge for successful crop production. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and impacts of individual and combined salinity and waterlogging stress on the morpho-physio-biochemical and molecular responses and oxidative metabolism of maize during stress and recovery periods is essential. The present study was carried out to assess the response of four hybrid maize cultivars viz. DK-6142, FH-1231, FH-949, and MALKA-2016 under individual and combined salinity and waterlogging conditions. The treatments comprised the control (no stress), NaCl (salinity with 10 dSm−1), WL (waterlogged conditions with 3 cm flooding), and NaCl + WL (combined salinity and waterlogging stress). The data regarding morpho-physiological attributes were collected at 22 days after sowing (DAS; stress phase) and 30 DAS (recovery phase). The results revealed that both stresses, either individually or in combination, substantially reduced the root-shoot length, root-shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf width, and the number of leaves per plant as well as the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids contents; however, the inhibitory effects were more severe in combined stresses than for individual stress factors in many cultivars. Both individual and combined stress conditions enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, whereas the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), remained higher under stress conditions compared to the control. The expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and POD) were also upregulated under stress conditions. All of the cultivars recovered better from individual stresses than combined stress conditions; however, the hybrid DK-6142 performed better than the other maize hybrids under stress conditions and showed faster recovery.

ACS Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants 2021, 10, 1345 .

AMA Style

Umer Mahmood, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Shahid Zamir, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase." Plants 10, no. 7: 1345.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Salinity and alkalinity stresses are common in arid and semiarid climates. Both these stresses not only retard crop growth but also cause a severe reduction in yields. The present experiment was performed to investigate the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of two maize hybrids (FH-1231 and DK-6714) to salinity and alkalinity stresses. The treatments were comprised of salt stress (NaCl:Na2SO4 at a 9:1 ratio), alkaline stress (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 at a 9:1 ratio), and an unstressed control. The results indicated that salinity and alkalinity significantly reduced shoot fresh weight by 50% and 70%, root fresh weight by 38% and 50%, root dry weight by 69% and 93%, seedling length by 18% and 30%, number of leaves by 27% and 39%, and maximum leaf width by 17% and 24%, respectively, across the two hybrids compared with control, indicating that alkalinity had a greater effect than salinity. Likewise, both the stresses, particularly alkalinity, significantly decreased K+ ion accumulation and chlorophyll content and increased the lipid peroxidation rate, sodium (Na+) concentration, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Salinity and alkalinity stresses also induced the expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX); however, salinity showed less effect than alkalinity stress. Similarly, hybrid DK-6714 performed comparatively better than FH-1231 with regard to seedling growth, antioxidant activities, and biochemical attributes under stress conditions. Thus, DK-6714 is recommended as a suitable hybrid for soils affected with salt-alkalization.

ACS Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1150 .

AMA Style

Arooj Fatima, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Usman Zulfiqar, Zubair Aslam, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1150.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

ACS Style

Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Rafiq; Adeel Abbas; Muhammad Saqib; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1151 .

AMA Style

Sadam Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Zubair Aslam, Muhammad Rafiq, Adeel Abbas, Muhammad Saqib, Abdur Rauf, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Rafiq; Adeel Abbas; Muhammad Saqib; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1151.

Original paper
Published: 29 May 2021 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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Silicon (Si) is a beneficial nutrient and is known for imparting resistance to many of the abiotic and biotic stresses in crop plants. A pot experiment was conducted in wire house to elucidate the effect of exogenous Si on growth, physiological, and biochemical activities in wheat at different phenological stages (seedling, vegetative, and maturity) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Surface sterilized seeds of Ujala-2016 wheat cultivar were sown in plastic pots. Foliar applied Si (3mM) inform of in the form of Si-NPs used in the present experiment under control (−Cd) and Cd stress (25mg/kg soil) conditions. Plants were harvested after 14 days of foliar spray at different phenological stages. The experimental treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment. Cadmium stress caused significant reduction in biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein (TSP), free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugar (TSS), and phenolic contents, whereas increase of antioxidant enzymes activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reducing sugar (RS), and proline contents as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakage (EL) was recorded. Foliar application of Si-NPs significantly improved the growth, photosynthetic pigments, levels of flavonoids, TSP, phenolics, FAA, proline, TSS, activities of APX, CAT, POD, and SOD enzymes. The oxidative damage measured in the form of endogenous levels of H2O2 and MDA was reduced in plants treated with exogenous application of Si. Further, Si application increased mineral ions in controlled and Cd-stressed plants and significantly reduced the Cd uptake. In short, this study revealed that foliar spray of Si alleviates the adverse effect of Cd on wheat by enhancing growth, metabolite accumulation, strengthening antioxidant defense system, reducing oxidative injury, improving plant nutrient status, and decreasing the Cd uptake.

ACS Style

Sumaira Thind; Iqbal Hussain; Rizwan Rasheed; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Abida Perveen; Allah Ditta; Saddam Hussain; Nighat Khalil; Zahid Ullah; Qaisar Mahmood. Alleviation of cadmium stress by silicon nanoparticles during different phenological stages of Ujala wheat variety. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 14, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Sumaira Thind, Iqbal Hussain, Rizwan Rasheed, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Abida Perveen, Allah Ditta, Saddam Hussain, Nighat Khalil, Zahid Ullah, Qaisar Mahmood. Alleviation of cadmium stress by silicon nanoparticles during different phenological stages of Ujala wheat variety. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14 (11):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumaira Thind; Iqbal Hussain; Rizwan Rasheed; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Abida Perveen; Allah Ditta; Saddam Hussain; Nighat Khalil; Zahid Ullah; Qaisar Mahmood. 2021. "Alleviation of cadmium stress by silicon nanoparticles during different phenological stages of Ujala wheat variety." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 11: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious disruptions in plant metabolism, physio-biochemical responses, crop yield, and grain quality characteristics. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of molybdenum (Mo) in mitigating Cd-induced adversities on plant growth, yield attributes, and grain quality characteristics of a popular aromatic rice cultivar ‘Xiangyaxiangzhan’. The Mo was applied at 0.15 mg kg−1 soil in both control (no Cd) and Cd-contaminated (100 mg kg−1) soils. A treatment with Mo-free (−Mo) soil was also maintained for comparison. The results showed that Cd toxicity significantly (p< 0.05) reduced plant dry biomass, grain yield, photosynthetic efficiency, and pigment contents, and impaired chloroplast ultra-structural configuration and simultaneously destabilized the plant metabolism owing to higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde contents. However, Mo supply improved grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content by 64.75% and 77.09%, respectively, under Cd stress, suggesting that Mo supply mitigated Cd-provoked negative effects on yield attributes and grain quality of aromatic rice. Moreover, Mo supply enhanced photosynthesis, proline, and soluble protein content, and also strengthened plant metabolism and antioxidant defense through maintaining higher activities and transcript abundance of ROS-detoxifying enzymes at the vegetative, reproductive, and maturity stages of aromatic rice plants under Cd toxicity. Collectively, our findings indicated that Mo supply strengthened plant metabolism at prominent growth stages through an improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system, thereby increasing grain yield and quality characteristics of aromatic rice under Cd toxicity.

ACS Style

Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain; Longxin He; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Ihtisham; Ejaz Warraich; Xiangru Tang. Molybdenum-Induced Regulation of Antioxidant Defense-Mitigated Cadmium Stress in Aromatic Rice and Improved Crop Growth, Yield, and Quality Traits. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 838 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Imran, Saddam Hussain, Longxin He, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Ihtisham, Ejaz Warraich, Xiangru Tang. Molybdenum-Induced Regulation of Antioxidant Defense-Mitigated Cadmium Stress in Aromatic Rice and Improved Crop Growth, Yield, and Quality Traits. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (6):838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain; Longxin He; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Ihtisham; Ejaz Warraich; Xiangru Tang. 2021. "Molybdenum-Induced Regulation of Antioxidant Defense-Mitigated Cadmium Stress in Aromatic Rice and Improved Crop Growth, Yield, and Quality Traits." Antioxidants 10, no. 6: 838.

Original paper
Published: 23 April 2021 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloids for humans. Above permissible levels of As cause severe health implications. Contaminated drinking water and food items may be the leading sources of As exposure to people all around the world. The current study assessed the levels of As in drinking water, vegetables, irrigation water, agricultural soils, and the human population (adult women and men) of rural and peri-urban areas of Multan (Pakistan). For a comparison between peri-urban (exposed site) and rural areas (control site), we sampled irrigation water, vegetables and vegetable-grown soils, drinking water, and human blood. In all sample types, As concentration was significantly higher at exposed site than at control site. Alarmingly, As concentration in drinking groundwater (34 µg As L−1) of exposed site was 3.4-folds higher than the permissible limit (set by WHO). Among the studied vegetables, the cumulative daily dietary intake of As was recorded maximum by the consumption of okra (474 ng d–1 on exposed site) and minimum by long melon (1 ng d–1 on control site). However, As intake via drinking water was estimated to contribute ≥ 98% of total As intake at both sites. Hence, the health risks associated with drinking As-contaminated groundwater were recorded much higher than the health risks associated with the consumption of As-contaminated vegetables. Blood As levels in most of the subjects at exposed site exceeded the safe limit of 12 µg L−1. Conclusively, the findings of the current study indicated that drinking contaminated groundwater may be the major cause of As-associated health risks in the region.

ACS Style

Mamoona Amir; Salman Asghar; Muhammad Ahsin; Shahid Hussain; Amir Ismail; Muhammad Riaz; Safina Naz. Arsenic exposure through drinking groundwater and consuming wastewater-irrigated vegetables in Multan, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Mamoona Amir, Salman Asghar, Muhammad Ahsin, Shahid Hussain, Amir Ismail, Muhammad Riaz, Safina Naz. Arsenic exposure through drinking groundwater and consuming wastewater-irrigated vegetables in Multan, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamoona Amir; Salman Asghar; Muhammad Ahsin; Shahid Hussain; Amir Ismail; Muhammad Riaz; Safina Naz. 2021. "Arsenic exposure through drinking groundwater and consuming wastewater-irrigated vegetables in Multan, Pakistan." Environmental Geochemistry and Health , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Plants
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Seed priming with sorghum water extract (SWE) enhances crop tolerance to salinity stress; however, the application of SWE under salinity for camelina crop has not been documented so far. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming with SWE in improving salt stress tolerance in camelina. Primed (with 5% SWE and distilled water-hydropriming) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (10 dS m−1) conditions. Salinity reduced camelina’s emergence and growth, while seed priming with SWE improved growth under control and stress conditions. Under salt stress, seed priming with SWE enhanced emergence percentage (96.98%), increased root length (82%), shoot length (32%), root dry weight (75%), shoot dry weight (33%), α-amylase activity (66.43%), chlorophyll content (60–92%), antioxidant enzymes activity (38–171%) and shoot K+ ion (60%) compared with nontreated plants. Similarly, under stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and shoot Na+ ion were reduced by 60, 31, and 40% by seed priming with SWE, respectively, over the nonprimed seeds. Therefore, seed priming with SWE may be used to enhance the tolerance against salt stress in camelina.

ACS Style

Ping Huang; Lili He; Adeel Abbas; Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Daolin Du; Muhammad Hafeez; Sidra Balooch; Noreen Zahra; Xiaolong Ren; Muhammad Rafiq; Muhammad Saqib. Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 749 .

AMA Style

Ping Huang, Lili He, Adeel Abbas, Sadam Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Daolin Du, Muhammad Hafeez, Sidra Balooch, Noreen Zahra, Xiaolong Ren, Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Saqib. Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Huang; Lili He; Adeel Abbas; Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Daolin Du; Muhammad Hafeez; Sidra Balooch; Noreen Zahra; Xiaolong Ren; Muhammad Rafiq; Muhammad Saqib. 2021. "Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 4: 749.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Boron (B) is an indispensable micronutrient that ensures the optimal growth and productivity of the plant. However, excessive use of B fertilizers results in B toxicity which is relatively difficult to correct as compared to B deficiency. Moreover, underlying mechanisms of B toxicity induced changes in cell wall components and the association of B forms in the appearance of toxicity symptoms in rice seedlings are lacking. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out on rice seedlings by employing different concentrations of B (CK, B1; 100 µM, B2; 300 µM, and B3; 400 µM). The results showed that a high concentration of B caused inhibition of root and shoot growth with noticeable signs of stress on leaves in terms of chlorophyll contents. In addition, B toxicity caused oxidative stress and lipid oxidation of membranes. The higher concentrations of B were accumulated in the leaves than roots. In the roots and leaves, more than 80% B was adsorbed on the cell wall. In the treatment of B3, the free form of B was higher than the bound-B. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) results showed that higher concentrations led to variation in functional groups of cell walls of leaves. The results of this investigation showed that B stress-induced inhibition of growth might be linked with higher B uptake in the upper parts, oxidative damages, and forms of B may play important role in the chlorosis. The findings of the study may help to understand the mechanisms of B stress-induced growth inhibition in rice seedlings.

ACS Style

Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Kamran; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Saddam Hussain; Xiurong Wang. Boron-toxicity induced changes in cell wall components, boron forms, and antioxidant defense system in rice seedlings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 216, 112192 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Kamran, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Saddam Hussain, Xiurong Wang. Boron-toxicity induced changes in cell wall components, boron forms, and antioxidant defense system in rice seedlings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 216 ():112192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Kamran; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Saddam Hussain; Xiurong Wang. 2021. "Boron-toxicity induced changes in cell wall components, boron forms, and antioxidant defense system in rice seedlings." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 216, no. : 112192.

Original paper
Published: 29 March 2021 in Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is considered as an effective approach to enhance plants’ growth; nevertheless, its efficacy may vary with the type of inoculum and its application method. The present study, for the first time, investigates the effects of different mycorrhizal species applied through different methods on morpho-physiological growth, root system architecture, nutrient uptake, and root exudates of maize. Four AM fungi species viz., Claroideoglomus etunicatum (C.E), Rhizophagus intraradices (R.I), Funneliformis mosseae (F.M), and Diversispora versiformis (D.V) were applied to maize through seed coating, soil application, or seed coating+ soil application. A control without AM fungi was maintained for comparison. All the thirteen treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. Application of C.E, R.I, F.M, and D.V through different methods triggered the growth performance of maize by improving morpho-physiological characteristics and root morphology, modulating AM fungi colonization, enhancing the nutrient (N, P, K) uptake, and reducing the root exudates (oxalic, malonic, fumaric, malic, citric, and T-aconitic) compared with control. Among the different mycorrhizal species, F.M applied particularly through seed coating+ soil application was more effective in regulating maize growth as compared with C.E, R.I, or D.V species owing to better root system, higher root colonization, and greater nutrient uptake in this treatment. Interestingly, seed coating of F.M recorded statistically similar or higher shoot and root growth attributes compared with soil application particularly at 30 days after sowing. In crux, F.M applied through seed coating + soil application performed better than that of other mycorrhizal species. The obtained results also suggest that seed coating can be a cheap, viable, and efficient delivery system of AM fungi particularly for large scale application, as AM fungi seed coating had faster and greater effect on maize growth compared with soil application during early growth stages.

ACS Style

Hafiz Athar Hussain; Zhang Qingwen; Saddam Hussain; Li Hongbo; Ahmed Waqqas; Zhang Li. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Maize Growth, Root Colonization, and Root Exudates Varied with Inoculum and Application Method. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Hafiz Athar Hussain, Zhang Qingwen, Saddam Hussain, Li Hongbo, Ahmed Waqqas, Zhang Li. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Maize Growth, Root Colonization, and Root Exudates Varied with Inoculum and Application Method. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Athar Hussain; Zhang Qingwen; Saddam Hussain; Li Hongbo; Ahmed Waqqas; Zhang Li. 2021. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Maize Growth, Root Colonization, and Root Exudates Varied with Inoculum and Application Method." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , no. : 1-14.

Article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Rice is the most important food crop species of the developing world, and there are increasing concerns about food security to increase rice yields significantly. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Chongqing, China, to evaluate differences in the characteristics of yield-related biomass accumulation and transport for extraheavy-panicle-type rice (ET), heavy-panicle-type rice (HT), and medium-panicle-type rice (MT) by measuring the biomass yield increase of different organs and total increase per stem of these rice types at all growth stages after booting. On the basis of the characteristics of yield-related biomass accumulation and transport, ET showed significantly higher biomass yield and harvest index than HT and MT did. There were significant positive correlations between biomass yield, harvest index and panicle weight of the analyzed rice cultivars. The higher biomass yield of ET was attributed to leaf area duration (LAD) and specific leaf weight duration (SLWD), which were significantly higher than those of HT and MT, and to leaf drooping angle duration (LDAD), which was significantly lower than that of HT and MT after the milking stage (MS). LDAD was more effective than LAD or SLWD for characterizing biomass yield. The relatively high harvest index of ET was due to the output amount (OA), output rate (OR) and transformation rate (TR) of photosynthate in the stems after the MS, and these values were significantly higher than those for HT and MT. TR was more effective than OA or OR of the stems for characterizing the harvest index. Thus, we believe that the LDAD of functional leaves and TR of photosynthate in the stems after the MS can be considered key indices for breeding ET cultivars in the future.

ACS Style

Xiaolong Zhong; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Bingbing Zhao; Manyu Huang; Saddam Hussain; Rong Xie; Linjun Cai; Han Yun; Guanghua He; Changwei Zhang. Analysis of Grain Yield Formation Components of Extra Heavy-Panicle-Type Mid-Season Indica Hybrid Rice. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Xiaolong Zhong, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Bingbing Zhao, Manyu Huang, Saddam Hussain, Rong Xie, Linjun Cai, Han Yun, Guanghua He, Changwei Zhang. Analysis of Grain Yield Formation Components of Extra Heavy-Panicle-Type Mid-Season Indica Hybrid Rice. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaolong Zhong; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Bingbing Zhao; Manyu Huang; Saddam Hussain; Rong Xie; Linjun Cai; Han Yun; Guanghua He; Changwei Zhang. 2021. "Analysis of Grain Yield Formation Components of Extra Heavy-Panicle-Type Mid-Season Indica Hybrid Rice." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-18.

Article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Drought is the most threatening abiotic constraint, affecting more than 43% of the cropped area around the globe. The use of allelopathic hormesis offers a pragmatic solution for mitigating the negative effects of drought on field crops. The present study evaluated the potential of sorghum water extract in enhancing drought tolerance in wheat and examined the possible underlying mechanisms. The experiment comprised of three factors viz. drought with three levels (100%, 60% and 30% field capacity; FC), sorghum water extracts with eight levels (control, water spray, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of sorghum water extract) and two wheat cultivars Ihsan-2016 (drought tolerant) and Galaxy-2013 (drought-sensitive). Drought stress, particularly at 30% FC, profoundly decreased the morpho-physiological attributes of both wheat cultivars; nevertheless, the application of sorghum water extract at 2.0% effectively enhanced the tolerance against drought stress. Compared with control, application of 2.0% sorghum water extract increased the morphological attributes such as shoot and root length as well as fresh and dry weight of both wheat cultivars in the range of 3–146% under 30% field capacity. In addition, 2.0% sorghum water extract triggered (9–165%) the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, decreased the hydrogen peroxide contents (42–48%), and enhanced the contents of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid (6–151%) as compared to control in both wheat cultivars under 30% field capacity suggesting that these measures helped to reduce the drought-induced oxidative stress. Vigorous growth and higher drought tolerance derived from sorghum water extract was related to improved chlorophyll contents and a better antioxidant defense system in wheat.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman Ibrahim; Abdul Khaliq; Saddam Hussain; Ghulam Murtaza. Sorghum Water Extract Application Mediates Antioxidant Defense and Confers Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman Ibrahim, Abdul Khaliq, Saddam Hussain, Ghulam Murtaza. Sorghum Water Extract Application Mediates Antioxidant Defense and Confers Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman Ibrahim; Abdul Khaliq; Saddam Hussain; Ghulam Murtaza. 2021. "Sorghum Water Extract Application Mediates Antioxidant Defense and Confers Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Agriculture
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Manganese is an important essential micronutrient, and its deficiency causes latent health issues in humans. Agronomic biofortification can promisingly improve the plant nutrient concentration without changing the genetic makeup of plants. This study was designed to assess the best method of Mn application to enhance productivity and grain Mn contents under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems. Manganese was delivered through seed coating (250-mg kg−1 seed), osmopriming (0.1-M Mn solution), soil application (1 kg ha−1), and foliar application (0.25-M Mn solution). A general control with no seed Mn application was included, whereas hydropriming and water spray were used as positive control treatments for Mn seed priming and Mn foliar spray, respectively. No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system. Manganese nutrition through various methods significantly enhanced the yield, grain biofortification, and net benefits for CT and NT systems. Averaged across two years, the maximum improvement in grain productivity was recorded with osmopriming (28%) followed by foliar application (26%). The highest grain Mn concentration (29% over no application) was recorded with Mn foliar applications under both tillage systems. Moreover, the highest economic returns and marginal net benefits were recorded with osmopriming. To improve the wheat production, profitability, and grain Mn concentration, Mn application through priming and foliar application may be opted.

ACS Style

Usman Zulfiqar; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Ishfaq; Nauman Ali; Muhammad Ahmad; Fahid Ihsan; Mohamed Sheteiwy; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity, Economic Returns and Grain Biofortification under Conventional and No Tillage Systems. Agriculture 2021, 11, 142 .

AMA Style

Usman Zulfiqar, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Ishfaq, Nauman Ali, Muhammad Ahmad, Fahid Ihsan, Mohamed Sheteiwy, Abdur Rauf, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity, Economic Returns and Grain Biofortification under Conventional and No Tillage Systems. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usman Zulfiqar; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Ishfaq; Nauman Ali; Muhammad Ahmad; Fahid Ihsan; Mohamed Sheteiwy; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity, Economic Returns and Grain Biofortification under Conventional and No Tillage Systems." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 142.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Drought is one of the major environmental stresses that negatively affect the maize (Zea mays L.) growth and production throughout the world. Foliar applications of plant growth regulators, micronutrients or osmoprotectants for stimulating drought-tolerance in plants have been intensively reported. A controlled pot experiment was conducted to study the relative efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), zinc (Zn), and glycine betaine (GB) foliar applications on morphology, chlorophyll contents, relative water content (RWC), gas-exchange attributes, activities of antioxidant enzymes, accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmolytes, and yield attributes of maize plants exposed to two soil water conditions (85% field capacity: well-watered, 50% field capacity: drought stress) during critical growth stages. Drought stress significantly reduced the morphological parameters, yield and its components, RWC, chlorophyll contents, and gas-exchange parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentration, compared with well water conditions. However, the foliar applications considerably enhanced all the above parameters under drought. Drought stress significantly (p < 0.05) increased the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion contents, and enhanced the lipid peroxidation rate measured in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA) content. However, ROS and MDA contents were substantially decreased by foliar applications under drought stress. Antioxidant enzymes activity, proline content, and the soluble sugar were increased by foliar treatments under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Overall, the application of GB was the most effective among all compounds to enhance the drought tolerance in maize through reduced levels of ROS, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and higher accumulation of osmolytes contents.

ACS Style

Ramadan Shemi; Rui Wang; El-Sayed M. S. Gheith; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Irfan; Linna Cholidah; Kangping Zhang; Sai Zhang; Longchang Wang. Effects of salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine on morpho-physiological growth and yield of maize under drought stress. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Ramadan Shemi, Rui Wang, El-Sayed M. S. Gheith, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Irfan, Linna Cholidah, Kangping Zhang, Sai Zhang, Longchang Wang. Effects of salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine on morpho-physiological growth and yield of maize under drought stress. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramadan Shemi; Rui Wang; El-Sayed M. S. Gheith; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Irfan; Linna Cholidah; Kangping Zhang; Sai Zhang; Longchang Wang. 2021. "Effects of salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine on morpho-physiological growth and yield of maize under drought stress." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2021 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant network in plants in order to produce the salt-tolerant cultivars. High-affinity potassium transporter- and myelocytomatosis proteins have been shown to play a critical role for salinity tolerance through exclusion of sodium (Na+) ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. Numerous genes, that limit the uptake of salts from soil and their transport throughout the plant body, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots. In the present review, we have tried to provide a comprehensive report of major research advances on different mechanisms regulating plant tolerance to salinity stress at proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and transcriptomics levels. Along with the role of ionic homeostasis, a major focus was given on other salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants including osmoregulation and osmo-protection, cell wall remodeling and integrity, and plant antioxidative defense. Major proteins and genes expressed under salt-stressed conditions and their role in enhancing salinity tolerance in plants are discussed as well. Moreover, this manuscript identifies and highlights the key questions on plant salinity tolerance that remain to be discussed in the future.

ACS Style

Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Xiaolong Ren; Xiaoli Chen; Qianqian Li; Muhammad Saqib; Naeem Ahmad. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 160, 239 -256.

AMA Style

Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Xiaolong Ren, Xiaoli Chen, Qianqian Li, Muhammad Saqib, Naeem Ahmad. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 160 ():239-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Xiaolong Ren; Xiaoli Chen; Qianqian Li; Muhammad Saqib; Naeem Ahmad. 2021. "Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na+/K+ balance and beyond." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 160, no. : 239-256.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Cadmium (Cd) toxicity causes severe perturbations in nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation, and thereby interrupts normal plant growth. Molybdenum (Mo), a necessary trace element, plays important roles in N metabolism through regulating N assimilatory enzymes activities and expressions in higher plants. Taking this into account, a pot experiment was performed to explore the role of Mo in alleviating Cd-induced inhibitory effects on physio-biochemical processes, N metabolism, yield attributes and grain quality characters of two fragrant rice cultivars; Guixiangzhan and Meixiangzhan-2. Both the fragrant rice cultivars were treated with two levels of each Cd concentrations (0 and 100 mg/kg) and Mo treatments (0 and 0.15 mg/kg). The results revealed that Cd toxicity significantly reduced (p < 0.05) plant dry biomass, gaseous exchange attributes, chlorophyll contents, N utilizing and assimilatory enzymes activities, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents and grain yield in both cultivars; however, more severe inhibitions were observed in Meixiangzhan-2 than Guixiangzhan. Nevertheless, Mo application alleviated Cd stress and enhanced 2AP content and grain yield by 75.05% and 67.94% in Guixiangzhan and 87.71% and 83.51% in Meixiangzhan-2, respectively compared with no Mo application. Moreover, Mo application improved photosynthesis, chloroplast configuration, soluble protein and proline contents and also strengthened the N assimilatory pathway through efficient NO3− utilization, higher nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities and transcript levels under Cd stress. Collectively, our results imply that Mo-induced enhancement in N utilization and assimilation improved yield and grain quality characters of fragrant rice cultivars under Cd stress.

ACS Style

Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Shoaib Rana; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Fahd Rasul; Kanwar Haris Ali; Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho; Shenggang Pan; Meiyang Duan; Xiangru Tang. Molybdenum improves 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, grain quality traits and yield attributes in fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under cadmium toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 211, 111911 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Imran, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Shoaib Rana, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Fahd Rasul, Kanwar Haris Ali, Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho, Shenggang Pan, Meiyang Duan, Xiangru Tang. Molybdenum improves 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, grain quality traits and yield attributes in fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under cadmium toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 211 ():111911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Imran; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Shoaib Rana; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Fahd Rasul; Kanwar Haris Ali; Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho; Shenggang Pan; Meiyang Duan; Xiangru Tang. 2021. "Molybdenum improves 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, grain quality traits and yield attributes in fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under cadmium toxicity." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 211, no. : 111911.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Crop and Pasture Science
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Suboptimal or inadequate diet of iron (Fe) represents a latent health problem affecting over two billion people worldwide. To tackle micronutrient deficiency in crops, a short-term approach is agronomic biofortification in which nutrients can be enhanced by their accumulation in food plant tissue either by fertilisation or by other eliciting aspects. The present study evaluated the comparative influence of various Fe application methods, including (i) Fe seed coating (300 mg Fe kg–1 seed), (ii) Fe osmopriming (0.5% Fe solution), (iii) surface broadcasting (8 kg ha–1), (iv) Fe foliar application (0.3% Fe solution), on paddy yield, net benefits, grain Fe accumulation, bioavailability, and Fe-use efficiencies in conventional (puddled transplanted rice, PTR) and conservational (direct-seeded aerobic rice, DSAR) production systems. Hydro-priming and foliar water spray were also included in treatments as a positive control for osmopriming and foliar spray of Fe respectively. Iron application by either method enhanced productivity, profitability, and biofortification in both rice systems. Grain yield improved in both years by the application of Fe in the following order: osmopriming > foliar application > surface broadcasting > seed coating, with the respective increase of 18%, 14%, 10%, 8% relative to no Fe application. Grain Fe concentration was the highest by Fe applied as foliar (37% over control) in both production systems. Similarly, minimum phytate concentration and phytate:Fe molar ratio were recorded with foliar-applied Fe. In crux, Fe application by osmopriming increased the productivity and profitability under PTR and DSAR systems, whereas foliar-applied Fe improved the grain Fe accumulation. Suboptimal or inadequate diet of iron (Fe) represents a latent health problem affecting over two billion people worldwide. To tackle micronutrient deficiency in crops, a short-term approach is agronomic biofortification in which nutrients can be enhanced by their accumulation in food plant tissue either by fertilisation or by other eliciting aspects. The present study evaluated the comparative influence of various Fe application methods, including (i) Fe seed coating (300 mg Fe kg–1 seed), (ii) Fe osmopriming (0.5% Fe solution), (iii) surface broadcasting (8 kg ha–1), (iv) Fe foliar application (0.3% Fe solution), on paddy yield, net benefits, grain Fe accumulation, bioavailability, and Fe-use efficiencies in conventional (puddled transplanted rice, PTR) and conservational (direct-seeded aerobic rice, DSAR) production systems. Hydro-priming and foliar water spray were also included in treatments as a positive control for osmopriming and foliar spray of Fe respectively. Iron application by either method enhanced productivity, profitability, and biofortification in both rice systems. Grain yield improved in both years by the application of Fe in the following order: osmopriming > foliar application > surface broadcasting > seed coating, with the respective increase of 18%, 14%, 10%, 8% relative to no Fe application. Grain Fe concentration was the highest by Fe applied as foliar (37% over control) in both production systems. Similarly, minimum phytate concentration and phytate:Fe molar ratio were recorded with foliar-applied Fe. In crux, Fe application by osmopriming increased the productivity and profitability under PTR and DSAR systems, whereas foliar-applied Fe improved the grain Fe accumulation.

ACS Style

Usman Zulfiqar; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Maqsood; Shahid Ibni Zamir; Muhammad Ishfaq; Nauman Ali; Muhammad Ahmad. Enhancing the accumulation and bioavailability of iron in rice grains via agronomic interventions. Crop and Pasture Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Usman Zulfiqar, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Maqsood, Shahid Ibni Zamir, Muhammad Ishfaq, Nauman Ali, Muhammad Ahmad. Enhancing the accumulation and bioavailability of iron in rice grains via agronomic interventions. Crop and Pasture Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usman Zulfiqar; Saddam Hussain; Muhammad Maqsood; Shahid Ibni Zamir; Muhammad Ishfaq; Nauman Ali; Muhammad Ahmad. 2021. "Enhancing the accumulation and bioavailability of iron in rice grains via agronomic interventions." Crop and Pasture Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Agronomy
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This two-year study observed the influence of various barley-based cropping systems on soil physicochemical properties, allometric traits and biomass production of barley sown under different tillage systems. Barley was cultivated in different cropping systems (CS), i.e., fallow-barley (fallow-B), maize-barley (maize-B), cotton-barley (cotton-B), mungbean-barley (mungbean-B) and sorghum-barley (sorghum-B) under zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), strip tillage (ST), conventional tillage (CT) and bed-sowing (BS). Interaction between different CS and tillage systems (TS) positively influenced soil bulk density (BD), total porosity, available phosphorus (P), ammonical and nitrate nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N), available potassium (K), allometric traits and biomass production of barley. The highest soil BD along with lower total porosity were noted in ZT leading to lesser leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), specific leaf area (SLA), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of barley. Nonetheless, bed-sown barley produced the highest biomass due to better crop allometry and soil physical conditions. The highest postharvest soil available P, NH4-N, NO3-N, and K were recorded for zero-tilled barley, while BS followed by CT recorded the lowest nutrient contents. Barley in mungbean-B CS with BS produced the highest biomass, while the lowest biomass production was recorded for barely sown in fallow-B cropping system with ZT. In conclusion, barley sown after mungbean (mungbean-B cropping system) with BS seems a pragmatic choice for improving soil fertility and subsequently soil health.

ACS Style

Muhammad Naeem; Noman Mehboob; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Shahid Hussain; Hayssam M. Ali; Mubshar Hussain. Impact of Different Barley-Based Cropping Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Barley Growth under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems. Agronomy 2020, 11, 8 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Naeem, Noman Mehboob, Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Farooq, Shahid Hussain, Hayssam M. Ali, Mubshar Hussain. Impact of Different Barley-Based Cropping Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Barley Growth under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems. Agronomy. 2020; 11 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Naeem; Noman Mehboob; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Shahid Hussain; Hayssam M. Ali; Mubshar Hussain. 2020. "Impact of Different Barley-Based Cropping Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Barley Growth under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 8.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Agronomy
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Analysis of growth and yield characteristics of rice with different yield levels is very important for the breeding of high-yield rice cultivators. To investigate the yield components’ variation, morphological characteristics of the panicles, leaves, and stems of rice varieties under different yield levels, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Chongqing China. The 20 mid-season Indica hybrid rice varieties were classified into three groups based on yield, comprising high-yield group (HG), mid-yield group (MG), and low-yield group (LG). The main reason for the superior yield of HG is that the varieties of this group had a significantly higher number of effective panicles per unit area than the MG and LG. In plant type factors, the leaf type factors were the most important reason causing yield difference of HG, MG, and LG. The average leaf roll index, average leaf length to width ratio, average leaf base angle, average leaf droop angle, and average leaf pillow distance of the upper three leaves were significantly or significantly negatively correlated with the yield, while the average leaf width, average leaf area, and the average distance of leaf edge were significantly or significantly positively correlated with yield, and the leaf droop angle was the most important plant type factor affecting the yield. Based on these results, we further quantified the plant type factors of HG and constructed an ideal plant type model for high-yield hybrid mid-season rice. Theoretical and practical basis could be provided for breeding mid-season Indica hybrid rice with super-high yield in the future to ensure food security.

ACS Style

Xiaolong Zhong; Bingbing Zhao; Manyu Huang; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Linjun Cai; Han Yun; Guanghua He; Changwei Zhang. Comparison of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice under Different Yield Levels. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1876 .

AMA Style

Xiaolong Zhong, Bingbing Zhao, Manyu Huang, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Linjun Cai, Han Yun, Guanghua He, Changwei Zhang. Comparison of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice under Different Yield Levels. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaolong Zhong; Bingbing Zhao; Manyu Huang; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Linjun Cai; Han Yun; Guanghua He; Changwei Zhang. 2020. "Comparison of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice under Different Yield Levels." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1876.