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Prof. Dr. Anton J. Schleiss
Ecole polytéchnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland

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0 Hydraulic Structures
0 Hydropower
0 Physical Modeling
0 hydraulic engineering
0 Reservoir sedimentation

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Hydropower
Reservoir sedimentation
Flood protection and forecast
Hydraulic Structures
Rock scour
River morphology and biodiversity
Physical Modeling
hydraulic engineering

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Research article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Water Resources Research
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Large wood increases the morphological and hydraulic complexity of rivers, yet it may block and modify the flood discharge capacity of hydraulic structures. To assess the related risk, blockage probability estimation for hydraulic structures such as reservoir spillways is needed. This work presents unstudied parameters for blockage of large wood with a reservoir-type approach flow, where the inflow velocity has a negligible magnitude. Experiments were conducted in a channel with an ogee crested spillway equipped with piers, representing a commonly used hydraulic structure. Artificial stems were used to systematically evaluate the influence of stem length and stem draft on the blocking process. Different hydraulic conditions were evaluated by changing the water level in the reservoir. The head at the spillway crest with respect to stem draft was found to be a key parameter for blockage probability estimation at a spillway. Additionally, stem length was related to the bay width in the estimation of blockage. Larger heads tend to reduce the blocking probability of large wood, for a given stem draft, while increasing the relative stem length tends to increase the blocking probability. A logistic regression model is provided to estimate large wood blockage probability at ogee crested spillways with piers. Finally, recommendations for engineering practice are presented.

ACS Style

Paloma Furlan; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Conceição Amado; Anton J. Schleiss. Blockage Probability Modeling of Large Wood at Reservoir Spillways With Piers. Water Resources Research 2021, 57, 1 .

AMA Style

Paloma Furlan, Michael Pfister, Jorge Matos, Conceição Amado, Anton J. Schleiss. Blockage Probability Modeling of Large Wood at Reservoir Spillways With Piers. Water Resources Research. 2021; 57 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paloma Furlan; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Conceição Amado; Anton J. Schleiss. 2021. "Blockage Probability Modeling of Large Wood at Reservoir Spillways With Piers." Water Resources Research 57, no. 8: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
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Rigorously derived shallow water equations (SWEs) are applied to results of large eddy simulation (LES) of a continuously fed gravity current in order to assess (1) sensitivity of current depth results to its definition; (2) coefficients in depth-averaged continuity and momentum equation due to the nonuniformity of density and velocity profiles; and (3) sensitivity of entrainment coefficient to definition of current depth. It is shown that using different definitions of the current depth may produce significantly different numerical results. The coefficients due to nonuniformity in the continuity equation are very close to unity, whereas the coefficients in the momentum flux and the pressure term in the momentum equation are different from unity by a margin that is very sensitive to the definition of current depth. The entrainment coefficient is more sensitive to the selected parameterization than to the definition of the current depth.

ACS Style

Sara Venuleo; Dubravka Pokrajac; Talia Tokyay; George Constantinescu; Anton J. Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. Parameterization and Results of SWE for Gravity Currents Are Sensitive to the Definition of Depth. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2021, 147, 04021016 .

AMA Style

Sara Venuleo, Dubravka Pokrajac, Talia Tokyay, George Constantinescu, Anton J. Schleiss, Mário J. Franca. Parameterization and Results of SWE for Gravity Currents Are Sensitive to the Definition of Depth. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2021; 147 (5):04021016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Venuleo; Dubravka Pokrajac; Talia Tokyay; George Constantinescu; Anton J. Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. 2021. "Parameterization and Results of SWE for Gravity Currents Are Sensitive to the Definition of Depth." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 147, no. 5: 04021016.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
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Advances in dam construction techniques have significantly increased the number of stepped spillways implemented worldwide. Although stepped chutes provide enhanced energy dissipation along the chute, as compared to smooth chutes, an adequate energy dissipater is usually needed at their toe to govern the remaining energy. Stilling basins downstream of stepped spillways are currently designed using the approaches developed for smooth chutes. As a stepped surface alters the structure of the approaching flow, such practice is questionable. This paper reports a study on the effect of stepped chute approach flows on the performance of a classical stilling basin. Physical modeling was conducted using a large-scale facility of a smooth and stepped spillway with a 30° sloping chute. Experiments were performed under different discharges, two step heights, and variable approach flow aeration. The characteristics of the hydraulic jump were described, focusing mainly on flow depth, bottom pressure, and length. The results indicated a significant effect of stepped chute approach flows on bottom pressure and length of the hydraulic jump. Near the jump toe, pronounced fluctuating and extreme pressures were observed after stepped chutes and attributed to the higher turbulence level of the incoming flow. The normalized hydraulic jump lengths were found to be about 17% longer downstream of stepped chutes as compared to smooth chutes.

ACS Style

Ivan Stojnic; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of 30-Degree Sloping Smooth and Stepped Chute Approach Flow on the Performance of a Classical Stilling Basin. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2021, 147, 04020097 .

AMA Style

Ivan Stojnic, Michael Pfister, Jorge Matos, Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of 30-Degree Sloping Smooth and Stepped Chute Approach Flow on the Performance of a Classical Stilling Basin. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2021; 147 (2):04020097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivan Stojnic; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Anton J. Schleiss. 2021. "Effect of 30-Degree Sloping Smooth and Stepped Chute Approach Flow on the Performance of a Classical Stilling Basin." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 147, no. 2: 04020097.

Research article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
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River reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi‐deposit methodology for defining environmental flows, activating dynamics of river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi‐deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the river banks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with RFID PIT tags, a fix‐antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to allow the investigation of erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The extension of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones and average transport velocities were found on the order of 10‐3 m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared to the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided in different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The defined erosion efficiency is a measure to support the hydrograph design of artificial flood releases at dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. The analogy of results from field and laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi‐deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the gained knowledge of the erosion efficiency, results could spark further application and research of multi‐deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat oriented river restoration measure.

ACS Style

Severin Stähly; Mário J. Franca; Christopher T. Robinson; Anton J. Schleiss. Erosion, transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2020, 45, 3354 -3367.

AMA Style

Severin Stähly, Mário J. Franca, Christopher T. Robinson, Anton J. Schleiss. Erosion, transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2020; 45 (13):3354-3367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Severin Stähly; Mário J. Franca; Christopher T. Robinson; Anton J. Schleiss. 2020. "Erosion, transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, no. 13: 3354-3367.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Coastal Engineering
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Steady free-surface flows around buildings occurring during flood or tsunami events can produce major damages and a quantification of the post-peak forces is essential for safety and resilience of coastal structures. The loading process is highly affected by the flow Froude number and the drag coefficient, commonly defined for highly subcritical flows, while field observations of tsunami flows reported Froude numbers close to one, visually appearing as a choked regime. The present experimental study addresses the hydrodynamic forces on emerging buildings in a subcritical choked regime, focusing on the effect of openings and orientation. Laboratory experiments indicated a substantial difference in flow depths between the up- and downstream side of the building for increasing Froude numbers. The presence of openings induced a flow through the building lowering the difference in flow depth, limiting the effect of the hydrostatic component of the loading process. The formulation of an empirical resistance coefficient CR allowed a combination of both form drag and hydrostatic forces. Whilst for impervious buildings CR was consistent with reference studies, for buildings with openings CR was directly dependent upon porosity. Contrarily to the unsteady flow conditions, results showed that the sidewalls also played a role in the loading process. Buildings with a rotated orientation resulted in slightly larger surfaces exposed to the flow and larger horizontal forces. Nevertheless, these were applied at lower cantilever arms, thus reducing the tilting moment. Altogether, this study provides experimentally-derived parameters that will support hydraulic engineers in the design of coastal structures.

ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton Schleiss. Forces on buildings with openings and orientation in a steady post-tsunami free-surface flow. Coastal Engineering 2020, 161, 103753 .

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Michael Pfister, Anton Schleiss. Forces on buildings with openings and orientation in a steady post-tsunami free-surface flow. Coastal Engineering. 2020; 161 ():103753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton Schleiss. 2020. "Forces on buildings with openings and orientation in a steady post-tsunami free-surface flow." Coastal Engineering 161, no. : 103753.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in La Houille Blanche
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Les tsunamis, les vagues d'impulsion et les ruptures de barrages représentent des phénomènes extrêmes qui mettent en danger la vie des personnes et la fonctionnalité des infrastructures. Des événements récents dans l'Océan Indien (2004), au Japon (2011) et en Indonésie (2018) ont montré que des mesures constructives peuvent réduire les charges induites sur les structures, et l'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer et d'analyser le dommage potentiel des bâtiments frappés par des vagues. Au travers d'un programme expérimental étendu, cette recherche d'abord caractérise le comportement hydrodynamique des vagues sur fond sec et sur fond mouillé en termes de la célérité du front, des hauteurs d'eau et des profils de vitesse derrière le front. Ensuite, l'avantage d'avoir des bâtiments perméables pour réduire les hauteurs d'eau et les sollicitations en cas d'inondation est démontré. En outre, cette étude introduit des formules simples pour prédire la charge hydrodynamique sur un bâtiment, en tenant compte de l'effet des ouvertures au travers d'un coefficient de résistance adapté. Ces résultats fournissent des informations importantes pour le dimensionnement d'infrastructures plus sûres, qui puissent agir comme refuges verticaux en cas de dangers naturels liés à l'eau. Tsunamis, impulse waves and dam-break waves represent extreme events that endanger human lives and generate damage to critical infrastructure. Recent events in the Indian Ocean (2004), in Japan (2011) and in Indonesia (2018) showed that constructive measures could be used to reduce the loads exerted on structures. Thus, the objective of this research is to study the loading process of different building configurations during wave impact. Through an extended experimental program, this research initially characterises the hydrodynamic behaviour of wet bed bores and dry surges in terms of their front celerity, water depths and velocity profiles behind the front. Then, the advantage of porous buildings in reducing inundation depths and loadings on the building is shown and discussed. Finally, this study provides simples formulae to predict the hydrodynamic load on a building, taking into account the effect of openings through an adapted resistance coefficient. These results reveal important information for the design of safer infrastructure that will act as vertical shelters in case of water related natural hazards.

ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. Impact hydrodynamique des vagues contre les bâtiments. La Houille Blanche 2020, 106, 34 -41.

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Michael Pfister, Anton J. Schleiss. Impact hydrodynamique des vagues contre les bâtiments. La Houille Blanche. 2020; 106 (1):34-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. 2020. "Impact hydrodynamique des vagues contre les bâtiments." La Houille Blanche 106, no. 1: 34-41.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
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Tsunamis, impulse waves, and dam-break waves are rare but catastrophic events, associated with casualties and damage to infrastructures. An adequate description of these waves is vital to assure human safety and to generate resilient structures. Furthermore, a specific building geometry with openings, such as windows and doors, reduces wave-induced loads and increases the probability that a building withstands. However, waves often carry a large volume of debris, generating supplementary impact forces and creating debris dams around buildings, limiting the beneficial effects of the openings. Herein, a preliminary study on the three-dimensional (3D) effect of debris dams on postpeak wave-induced loads under unsteady flow conditions is presented based on laboratory experiments. Both wooden logs (forest) and shipping containers were tested, showing different behaviors. Shipping containers were associated with severe impact force peaks, whereas the interlocking nature of forest-type debris provoked a compact debris dam, leading to higher and longer-lasting hydrodynamic forces. The arrangement of the debris also had an influence on the resulting structural loading. All tested scenarios were analyzed in terms of horizontal force, cantilever arm, and impulse acting on the building. This study presents a methodology to support the evaluation of postpeak debris-induced loads for the design of safer resilient buildings.

ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Clàudia Ylla Arbós; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of Debris Damming on Wave-Induced Hydrodynamic Loads against Free-Standing Buildings with Openings. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 2020, 146, 04019036 .

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Clàudia Ylla Arbós, Michael Pfister, Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of Debris Damming on Wave-Induced Hydrodynamic Loads against Free-Standing Buildings with Openings. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 2020; 146 (1):04019036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Clàudia Ylla Arbós; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. 2020. "Effect of Debris Damming on Wave-Induced Hydrodynamic Loads against Free-Standing Buildings with Openings." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 146, no. 1: 04019036.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Journal of Ecohydraulics
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ACS Style

W. Gostner; W. K. Annable; A. J. Schleiss; M. Paternolli. A case-study evaluating river rehabilitation alternatives and habitat heterogeneity using the hydromorphological index of diversity. Journal of Ecohydraulics 2019, 1 -16.

AMA Style

W. Gostner, W. K. Annable, A. J. Schleiss, M. Paternolli. A case-study evaluating river rehabilitation alternatives and habitat heterogeneity using the hydromorphological index of diversity. Journal of Ecohydraulics. 2019; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W. Gostner; W. K. Annable; A. J. Schleiss; M. Paternolli. 2019. "A case-study evaluating river rehabilitation alternatives and habitat heterogeneity using the hydromorphological index of diversity." Journal of Ecohydraulics , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Coastal Engineering
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ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of bed roughness on tsunami-like waves and induced loads on buildings. Coastal Engineering 2019, 152, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Michael Pfister, Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of bed roughness on tsunami-like waves and induced loads on buildings. Coastal Engineering. 2019; 152 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. 2019. "Effect of bed roughness on tsunami-like waves and induced loads on buildings." Coastal Engineering 152, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in La Houille Blanche
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Située à la confluence de deux cours d'eau – la Limmat et la Sihl – la ville de Zurich a toujours dû faire face aux crues. Suite aux crues de 2005, un projet de dérivation de la Sihl vers le lac de Zurich en amont de la ville a été lancé. En alternative à un premier projet de galerie de décharge de la Sihl, qui ne contribue qu'à la protection contre les crues, la dérivation de débits par l'aménagement hydroélectrique de pompage-turbinage existant sur le bassin versant présente l'avantage d'une synergie novatrice entre deux objectifs : la protection contre les crues, d'une part, et le réaménagement d'une infrastructure de production d'énergie renouvelable avec augmentation de la puissance installée, d'autre part. Le concept consiste à gérer le niveau du lac d'accumulation de l'aménagement situé sur la Sihl à l'amont de Zurich en tenant compte des prévisions météorologiques afin de laminer les crues tout en produisant de l'énergie hydraulique. La réalisation d'abaissements anticipés du plan d'eau à l'annonce de crues doit néanmoins respecter le règlement de contrôle des niveaux du lac de la Sihl, situé sur un bassin versant très peuplé. La performance de cette solution est fortement liée à la fiabilité des prévisions météorologiques et hydrométriques. Pour augmenter l'effet protecteur de l'aménagement, une augmentation de la puissance équipée de l'aménagement doit être envisagée. Cet article présente une étude hydrologique du bassin versant avec l'accent sur l'analyse des crues, dans l'objectif de déterminer la contribution de différents débits d'équipement de la centrale d'Etzelwerk à la protection de la ville de Zurich lors de crues de périodes de retour de 300 à 500 ans. Le modèle de simulation Routing System du bassin versant est établi et calé sur 32 années complètes, comportant des événements de crue importants. Ensuite, des cas de charge de précipitations de périodes de retour 100, 300 et 1000 ans sont générés comme entrées pour la simulation d'événements de crue. En fin de compte, un débit d'équipement de 147 m3/s, soit quatre fois la capacité actuelle, est finalement retenu comme le débit minimal qui remplirait les exigences de protection contre les crues à Zurich, ce qui correspond à une puissance installée de 600 MW. Located at the confluence of two rivers, the Limmat and the Sihl, the city of Zurich has always faced the risks posed by flood events. Following the 2005 flood event, a tunnel project was launched to partly divert flood water from the Sihl to Lake Zurich upstream of the city centre. As an alternative to such a diversion tunnel, the diversion of excess flood water through the 80-year-old existing Etzelwerk pumped-storage scheme would present the advantage of a synergy between two objectives: enhanced flood protection on the one hand and the rehabilitation of renewable energy production infrastructure with an increase in installed capacity on the other. The concept consists in managing the water levels of the upstream reservoir on the Sihl upstream of Zurich, as function of meteorological and river flow forecasts. Flood routing and flood peak attenuation are obtained through the preventive drawdown of the upper reservoir, whilst producing hydropower. Reservoir drawdown must however respect stringent rules of water level variation, given its location in a densely populated catchment. The performance of the concept is highly dependent on the reliability of the weather and river flow forecasts. The main consequence is an increase in the rated discharge and installed capacity at the Etzelwerk powerplant, justified by its contribution to flood protection. The paper presents the hydrological and hydraulic flood routing studies carried out to assess the performance of different powerhouse discharges in protecting Zurich from floods with return periods between 300 and 500 years. A Routing System model of the watershed was prepared and calibrated over a period of 32 years including major flood events of recent years. Using rainfall load cases of 100, 300 and 1000 years return period, different flood events were produced and routed through the system considering different powerhouse equipment discharge. As a result, a discharge of 147 m3/s (four times more than the present discharge), was identified as the minimum discharge fulfilling the required reduction of the flood risk level in Zurich, leading to an installed capacity for the Etzelwerk scheme of 600 MW.

ACS Style

Guillaume Kayser; Fränz Zeimetz; Pedro Manso; Anton Schleiss; Frédéric Jordan. Synergies entre la production hydroélectrique et la protection contre les crues : cas d'étude de la Sihl en Suisse. La Houille Blanche 2019, 105, 102 -115.

AMA Style

Guillaume Kayser, Fränz Zeimetz, Pedro Manso, Anton Schleiss, Frédéric Jordan. Synergies entre la production hydroélectrique et la protection contre les crues : cas d'étude de la Sihl en Suisse. La Houille Blanche. 2019; 105 (3-4):102-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillaume Kayser; Fränz Zeimetz; Pedro Manso; Anton Schleiss; Frédéric Jordan. 2019. "Synergies entre la production hydroélectrique et la protection contre les crues : cas d'étude de la Sihl en Suisse." La Houille Blanche 105, no. 3-4: 102-115.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2019 in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
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ACS Style

Sargol Memar; Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani; Aliasghar Beheshti; Majid Rahimpour; Giovanni De Cesare; Anton J. Schleiss. The performance of collars on scour reduction at tandem piers aligned with different skew angles. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 2019, 38, 911 -922.

AMA Style

Sargol Memar, Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani, Aliasghar Beheshti, Majid Rahimpour, Giovanni De Cesare, Anton J. Schleiss. The performance of collars on scour reduction at tandem piers aligned with different skew angles. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 2019; 38 (8):911-922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sargol Memar; Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani; Aliasghar Beheshti; Majid Rahimpour; Giovanni De Cesare; Anton J. Schleiss. 2019. "The performance of collars on scour reduction at tandem piers aligned with different skew angles." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 38, no. 8: 911-922.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2019 in Earth Surface Dynamics
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We investigate to what extent the initial conditions (in terms of buoyancy and geometry) of saline gravity currents flowing over a horizontal bottom influence their runout and entrainment capacity. In particular, to what extent the effect of the introduction of an inclined channel reach, just upstream from the lock gate, influences the hydrodynamics of gravity currents and consequently its potential erosion capacity is still an open question. The investigation presented herein focuses on the unknown effects of an inclined lock on the geometry of the current, on the streamwise velocity, on bed shear stress, and on the mechanisms of entrainment and mass exchange. Gravity currents were reproduced in the laboratory through the lock-exchange technique, and systematic tests were performed with different initial densities, combined with five initial volumes of release on horizontal and sloped locks. The inclination of the upstream reach of the channel (the lock) was varied from 0 % to 16 %, while the lock length was reduced by up to 1∕4 of the initial reference case. We observed that the shape of the current is modified due to the enhanced entrainment of ambient water, which is the region of the current in which this happens most. A counterintuitive relation between slope and mean streamwise velocity was found, supporting previous findings that hypothesized that gravity currents flowing down small slopes experience an initial acceleration followed by a deceleration. For the steepest slope tested, two opposite mechanisms of mass exchange are identified and discussed, i.e., the current entrainment of water from the upper surface due to the enhanced friction at the interface and the head feeding by a rear-fed current. The bed shear stress and the corresponding potential erosion capacity are discussed, giving insights into the geomorphological implications of natural gravity currents caused in different topographic settings.

ACS Style

Jessica Zordan; Anton Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. Potential erosion capacity of gravity currents created by changing initial conditions. Earth Surface Dynamics 2019, 7, 377 -391.

AMA Style

Jessica Zordan, Anton Schleiss, Mário J. Franca. Potential erosion capacity of gravity currents created by changing initial conditions. Earth Surface Dynamics. 2019; 7 (2):377-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jessica Zordan; Anton Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. 2019. "Potential erosion capacity of gravity currents created by changing initial conditions." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 2: 377-391.

Research paper
Published: 29 March 2019 in Journal of Hydraulic Research
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Tsunamis, impulse-waves and dam-break waves have affected humanity in recent decades and the construction of vertical shelters can provide safety to people. However, for non-critical infrastructures, typically residential houses of lower height, overtopping is accepted during such events. This study experimentally quantifies the effect of building overtopping, i.e. water flowing over the roof, on the resulting loading process. Both surges and bores were investigated and the impact against buildings with two different heights was assessed. Detailed measurements of forces and moments allowed key differences to be captured between the scenarios with and without overtopping. Results showed that overtopping induced higher downstream water depths, leading to lower horizontal forces and a reduced resistance coefficient. Furthermore, cantilever arm, moment and impulse values were constantly lower in case of overtopping. Finally, this study presents an innovative methodology to assess the main loading features of buildings subject to overtopping, supporting engineers to design safer resilient structures.

ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Ioan Nistor; Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of building overtopping on induced loads during extreme hydrodynamic events. Journal of Hydraulic Research 2019, 58, 289 -304.

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Michael Pfister, Ioan Nistor, Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of building overtopping on induced loads during extreme hydrodynamic events. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2019; 58 (2):289-304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Ioan Nistor; Anton J. Schleiss. 2019. "Effect of building overtopping on induced loads during extreme hydrodynamic events." Journal of Hydraulic Research 58, no. 2: 289-304.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2018 in Water
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This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to model and determine the annual sediment balance of a complex system of interconnected reservoirs, based on the detailed interpretation of a multi-decadal data series of reservoir management and modelling of sediment fluxes. This methodology is applied to the reservoirs of Oberaar, Grimsel, Räterichsboden, and Trift, which are located in the Swiss Alps. Additionally, the effects of climate warming on the annual sediment yield are investigated. Modelling results show that at present, the hydropower cascade formed by Oberaar, Grimsel, and Räterichsboden retains about 92% of the annual sediment yield, of which only the finest fraction leaves the system and enters the river network. Very fine sediments (d < 10 μm) account for 28% of the total sedimentation rate and in the case of Oberaar, it can reach up to 46% of the total sedimentation rate. Under a climate warming scenario, both sediment yield and runoff are expected to increase in terms of the annual average throughout the XXIst century, which will likely lead to greater annual inputs of sediments to the reservoirs. This, in turn, will lead to a higher sedimentation rate and suspended sediment concentration in the reservoirs, unless active management of the sediment fluxes is implemented.

ACS Style

Sebastián Guillén-Ludeña; Pedro A. Manso; Anton J. Schleiss. Multidecadal Sediment Balance Modelling of a Cascade of Alpine Reservoirs and Perspectives Based on Climate Warming. Water 2018, 10, 1759 .

AMA Style

Sebastián Guillén-Ludeña, Pedro A. Manso, Anton J. Schleiss. Multidecadal Sediment Balance Modelling of a Cascade of Alpine Reservoirs and Perspectives Based on Climate Warming. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastián Guillén-Ludeña; Pedro A. Manso; Anton J. Schleiss. 2018. "Multidecadal Sediment Balance Modelling of a Cascade of Alpine Reservoirs and Perspectives Based on Climate Warming." Water 10, no. 12: 1759.

Review
Published: 08 October 2018 in Applied Sciences
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The present review paper aims at collecting and discussing the research work, numerical and experimental, carried out in the field of Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) in one-dimensional (1D) pressurized transient flow in the time-domain approach. Background theory and basic definitions are provided for the proper understanding of the assessed literature. A novel frame of reference is proposed for the classification of FSI models based on pipe degrees-of-freedom. Numerical research is organized according to this classification, while an extensive review on experimental research is presented by institution. Engineering applications of FSI models are described and historical accidents and post-accident analyses are documented.

ACS Style

David Ferras; Pedro A. Manso; Anton J. Schleiss; Dídia I. C. Covas. One-Dimensional Fluid–Structure Interaction Models in Pressurized Fluid-Filled Pipes: A Review. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1844 .

AMA Style

David Ferras, Pedro A. Manso, Anton J. Schleiss, Dídia I. C. Covas. One-Dimensional Fluid–Structure Interaction Models in Pressurized Fluid-Filled Pipes: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (10):1844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Ferras; Pedro A. Manso; Anton J. Schleiss; Dídia I. C. Covas. 2018. "One-Dimensional Fluid–Structure Interaction Models in Pressurized Fluid-Filled Pipes: A Review." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10: 1844.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Coastal Engineering
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Previous studies and field surveys showed that specific structural designs can decrease the load on free-standing buildings along the coast, providing safer vertical shelters. This experimental study investigated the effect of openings in buildings (windows, doors and foyers) on horizontal forces and tilting moments induced by both dry bed surges and wet bed bores. Four configurations with seven porosity values ranging from 0% (impervious) to 84% (highly permeable) were systematically tested. Due to the presence of openings, the flow through the building reduced the upstream water depths. The porosity resulting from the presence of openings was shown to produce a linear reduction of the maximum horizontal force, when compared to the corresponding impervious building. The configuration with an impervious back showed results similar to those measured for the fully impervious buildings. The occurrence of the maximum tilting moment was shown to coincide with the maximum horizontal force and an estimation of the cantilever arm was therefore possible. The latter was constant for all configurations, independent of the geometry of the openings. Finally, two equations to predict the maximum horizontal force and the tilting moment were proposed, taking into account the effect of building openings within the resistance coefficient. These showed good agreement with experimental data and previous studies. These findings provide engineers with practical information for the design of safer vertical shelters in tsunami-prone areas.

ACS Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Ioan Nistor; Anton J. Schleiss. Experimental study on forces exerted on buildings with openings due to extreme hydrodynamic events. Coastal Engineering 2018, 140, 72 -86.

AMA Style

Davide Wüthrich, Michael Pfister, Ioan Nistor, Anton J. Schleiss. Experimental study on forces exerted on buildings with openings due to extreme hydrodynamic events. Coastal Engineering. 2018; 140 ():72-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Wüthrich; Michael Pfister; Ioan Nistor; Anton J. Schleiss. 2018. "Experimental study on forces exerted on buildings with openings due to extreme hydrodynamic events." Coastal Engineering 140, no. : 72-86.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2018 in Journal of Hydraulic Research
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ACS Style

Mona Jafarnejad; Mário J. Franca; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of a second layer on the time to failure of compressed riprap as mountain riverbank protection. Journal of Hydraulic Research 2018, 57, 573 -578.

AMA Style

Mona Jafarnejad, Mário J. Franca, Michael Pfister, Anton J. Schleiss. Effect of a second layer on the time to failure of compressed riprap as mountain riverbank protection. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2018; 57 (4):573-578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mona Jafarnejad; Mário J. Franca; Michael Pfister; Anton J. Schleiss. 2018. "Effect of a second layer on the time to failure of compressed riprap as mountain riverbank protection." Journal of Hydraulic Research 57, no. 4: 573-578.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Local widening in a channelized river is a common practice in restoration projects. The lateral embayments built for this purpose in the river banks are partially filled up by fine sediments. This allows the formation of aquatic habitats with hydraulic and morphologic diversity. However, the design of these lateral cavities may be compromised by the fluctuations in the water discharge. To address this problem, systematic experimental investigations have been carried out with five different fluctuating hydrograph scenarios. Water depth, sediment concentration and area covered by the settled sediments are analysed in each experiment. The process of sedimentation in the lateral embayments proved to be, in general, resilient to flow fluctuations. However, there were several differences observed during the high flow phase fluctuation phase depending on the geometric configuration of the embayments and the applied hydrograph: (i) a higher peak in discharge means that more sediments are resuspended and a complete remobilization of the in-cavity sediment deposits is possible. (ii) Long and short cavities are more resilient to high flow events than cavities with an intermediate length.

ACS Style

Carmelo Juez; Matthias Thalmann; Anton J. Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. Influence of lateral embayments on suspended sediment transport under unsteady flow conditions. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 03017 .

AMA Style

Carmelo Juez, Matthias Thalmann, Anton J. Schleiss, Mário J. Franca. Influence of lateral embayments on suspended sediment transport under unsteady flow conditions. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():03017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmelo Juez; Matthias Thalmann; Anton J. Schleiss; Mário J. Franca. 2018. "Influence of lateral embayments on suspended sediment transport under unsteady flow conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 03017.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Large wood (LW) elements are often transported by rivers into reservoirs during heavy rainfall events. Large wood has important environmental attributes that benefit the diversification of riverine ecosystems. There are several studies dealing with the transport and behaviour of LW inside streams. However, during flood events, LW tends to create jams or blockages at diverse hydraulic structures inside streams, creating significant problems such as discharge limitations and increased water levels. Even though knowledge on the effect of LW at bridges in rivers with relatively high flow velocities starts to be available, the latter is hardly applicable for reservoir approach flow conditions. Understanding LW blockage processes at a reservoir spillway is essential regarding the safety evaluation of a dam and the surrounding areas. The geomorphologic benefits of wood for stream restoration depends also on our present ability to manage jams and the risk they imply for civil structures when blocked. Therefore, series of systematic laboratory experiments were conducted to analyse blockage of floating stems at an ogee crested spillway equipped with piers. Different LW characteristics were represented in a physical model with cylindrical stems. Results associate the size of stem groups to blockage probabilities and the effect blockages can have on the discharge capacity of a spillway.

ACS Style

Paloma Furlan; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Anton J. Schleiss. Spillway blockage caused by large wood in reservoirs. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 02037 .

AMA Style

Paloma Furlan, Michael Pfister, Jorge Matos, Anton J. Schleiss. Spillway blockage caused by large wood in reservoirs. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():02037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paloma Furlan; Michael Pfister; Jorge Matos; Anton J. Schleiss. 2018. "Spillway blockage caused by large wood in reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 02037.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Hydropower is an important pillar of the electricity production in Switzerland and its extension is planned in the next decades. Therefore, a more sustainable management of hydropower plants is needed. Sediment replenishment combined with artificially-triggered flood pulses are gaining increasing interest to restore residual flow reaches. In the Sarine river in Switzerland, such a measure was conducted. Mimicking laboratory experiments for the first time, four deposits, totaling 1000 m3 of sediment, were added to the river downstream of Rossens dam. Some 489 pebbles were equipped with RFID PIT tags and distributed among them. After the flood pulse passed, 57% of the tags were re-located. The maximum detected travel distance of a pebble was 284 m. Some deposits were eroded, while others resisted. Due to a limited submergence, mainly lateral erosion was observed. Nevertheless, erosion of deposits as well as deposition of eroded material in clusters resulted in the same scheme as observed in laboratory experiments which could be validated with this field experiment.

ACS Style

Severin Stähly; Anthony Maître; Mário J. Franca; Christopher T. Robinson; Anton J. Schleiss. Experiments with sediment replenishment in a residual flow reach: Comparison of field datawith laboratory experiments. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 02022 .

AMA Style

Severin Stähly, Anthony Maître, Mário J. Franca, Christopher T. Robinson, Anton J. Schleiss. Experiments with sediment replenishment in a residual flow reach: Comparison of field datawith laboratory experiments. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():02022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Severin Stähly; Anthony Maître; Mário J. Franca; Christopher T. Robinson; Anton J. Schleiss. 2018. "Experiments with sediment replenishment in a residual flow reach: Comparison of field datawith laboratory experiments." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 02022.