The First World Consensus Conference on Pancreas Transplantation provided 49 jury deliberations regarding the impact of pancreas transplantation on the treatment of diabetic patients, and 110 experts’ recommendations for the practice of pancreas transplantation. The main message from this consensus conference is that both simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) and pancreas transplantation alone can improve long-term patient survival, and all types of pancreas transplantation dramatically improve the quality of life of recipients. Pancreas transplantation may also improve the course of chronic complications of diabetes, depending on their severity. Therefore, the advantages of pancreas transplantation appear to clearly surpass potential disadvantages. Pancreas after kidney transplantation increases the risk of mortality only in the early period after transplantation, but is associated with improved life expectancy thereafter. Additionally, preemptive SPK, when compared to SPK performed in patients undergoing dialysis, appears to be associated with improved outcomes. Time on dialysis has negative prognostic implications in SPK recipients. Increased long-term survival, improvement in the course of diabetic complications, and amelioration of quality of life justify preferential allocation of kidney grafts to SPK recipients. Audience discussions and live voting are available online at the following URL address: http://mediaeventi.unipi.it/category/1st-world-consensus-conference-of-pancreas-transplantation/246.

The prevalence and incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have been increasing. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database reported a 20-year prevalence of 48 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors per 100 000 population and an incidence of 3.56 per 100 000 population per year in the US.¹ Compared with the aggressive course of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, the natural evolution of well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is usually indolent, with a median overall survival (OS) of 14 to 30 years among patients with localized, radically resected forms.¹ However, approximately 50% of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have advanced disease at diagnosis.² For these patients, the prognosis is poor, with a median OS ranging from only 4 months to 6 years.¹