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Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado
Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain

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Review
Published: 03 June 2021 in Nutrients
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The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shocked world health authorities generating a global health crisis. The present study discusses the main finding in nutrition sciences associated with COVID-19 in the literature. We conducted a consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature regarding nutrition interventions and nutrition-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found how the COVID-19 lockdown promoted unhealthy dietary changes and increases in body weight of the population, showing obesity and low physical activity levels as increased risk factors of COVID-19 affection and physiopathology. In addition, hospitalized COVID-19 patients presented malnutrition and deficiencies in vitamin C, D, B12 selenium, iron, omega-3, and medium and long-chain fatty acids highlighting the potential health effect of vitamin C and D interventions. Further investigations are needed to show the complete role and implications of nutrition both in the prevention and in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

ACS Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Domingo Ramos-Campo; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso; Athanasios Dalamitros; Pantelis Nikolaidis; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1924 .

AMA Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez, Domingo Ramos-Campo, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Athanasios Dalamitros, Pantelis Nikolaidis, Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6):1924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Domingo Ramos-Campo; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso; Athanasios Dalamitros; Pantelis Nikolaidis; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. 2021. "Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review." Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1924.

Review
Published: 14 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The actual coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the limit of emergency systems worldwide, leading to the collapse of health systems, police, first responders, as well as other areas. Various ways of dealing with this world crisis have been proposed from many aspects, with fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis being a method that can be applied to a wide range of emergency systems and professional groups, aiming to confront several associated issues and challenges. The purpose of this critical review was to discuss the basic principles, present current applications during the first pandemic wave, and propose future implications of this methodology. For this purpose, both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases, were used. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review of the available literature regarding the performance of the fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis of emergency systems in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study highlight the importance of the fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis method as a beneficial tool for healthcare workers and first responders’ emergency professionals to face this pandemic as well as to manage the created uncertainty and its related risks.

ACS Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Pablo Ruisoto; Athanasios Dalamitros; Ana Beltran-Velasco; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Performance of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Emergency System in COVID-19 Pandemic. An Extensive Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5208 .

AMA Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, Pablo Ruisoto, Athanasios Dalamitros, Ana Beltran-Velasco, Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas, Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Performance of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Emergency System in COVID-19 Pandemic. An Extensive Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Pablo Ruisoto; Athanasios Dalamitros; Ana Beltran-Velasco; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. 2021. "Performance of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Emergency System in COVID-19 Pandemic. An Extensive Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5208.

Review
Published: 15 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has surprised health authorities around the world producing a global health crisis. This research discusses the main psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 in the literature, and the responses of global public mental health services to these events. Thus, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review (SLR) of the available literature regarding mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct the present narrative review. Different stressors are identified in this pandemic, from psychophysiological, confinement, to social and work. Depending on the level of severity and the country of origin, various interventions have been applied that mark different ways of returning to normality and preparing new interventions. This new stressor has a direct impact on the mental health of the population, provoking governments, and health services to become more flexible, innovate and adapt to the changing situation. The use of technology and mass media could be an important tool in this aim. Independent of this, preparing the general population for possible future waves of the pandemic is currently the best measure to mitigate more serious effects on the mental health of the population.

ACS Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Manuel Jimenez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Marina Martinez-Gonzalez; Juan Benitez-Agudelo; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3221 .

AMA Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, Manuel Jimenez, Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Marina Martinez-Gonzalez, Juan Benitez-Agudelo, Natalia Perez-Palencia, Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas, Jose Tornero-Aguilera. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Clemente-Suárez; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Manuel Jimenez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Marina Martinez-Gonzalez; Juan Benitez-Agudelo; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Carmen Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Tornero-Aguilera. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3221.

Review
Published: 11 August 2020 in Cardiology Research and Practice
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Stress is regulated by the autonomous nervous system, increasing the sympathetic modulation when a threat is perceived. A multifactorial response usually leads to significant behavioural modifications and alterations on homeostasis and physical and psychological status. Moreover, stress is an emotional response that can lead to psychosocial and psychophysiological adversity. Regarding military population, military operations and combat exposure are important stressors that influence acute and chronic stress response in soldiers, affecting their performance and health. A bibliographic search was carried out between April and May 2019, focusing on recent studies (2013–2019) that analysed psychophysiological response, stress, stress regulation, heart rate, heart rate variability, and posttraumatic stress disorder in military population. Autonomic and cardiovascular chronic stress seems to be modulated by experience and previous specific training of each military unit. Physical exercise, music embedded with binaural beat technology, bidirectional sensory motor rhythm training, heart rate variability biofeedback, and transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation are the main techniques applied to balance stress and to recover body homeostasis. Since military population are usually exposed to multiple stressors, knowing previous training and experience, together with developing techniques to balance stress, is the main practical application in this field of study to balance autonomic and cardiovascular systems.

ACS Style

Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez; José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera; Valentín E. Fernández-Elías; Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado; Athanasios A. Dalamitros; Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. Effect of Stress on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Systems in Military Population: A Systematic Review. Cardiology Research and Practice 2020, 2020, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, Valentín E. Fernández-Elías, Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado, Athanasios A. Dalamitros, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. Effect of Stress on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Systems in Military Population: A Systematic Review. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2020; 2020 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez; José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera; Valentín E. Fernández-Elías; Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado; Athanasios A. Dalamitros; Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. 2020. "Effect of Stress on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Systems in Military Population: A Systematic Review." Cardiology Research and Practice 2020, no. : 1-9.

Review
Published: 19 May 2020 in Vaccines
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The novel Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) has led to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has surprised health authorities around the world, quickly producing a global health crisis. Different actions to cope with this situation are being developed, including confinement, different treatments to improve symptoms, and the creation of the first vaccines. In epidemiology, herd immunity is presented as an area that could also solve this new global threat. In this review, we present the basis of herd immunology, the dynamics of infection transmission that induces specific immunity, and how the application of immunoepidemiology and herd immunology could be used to control the actual COVID-19 pandemic, along with a discussion of its effectiveness, limitations, and applications.

ACS Style

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Manuel Jiménez; Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Ronald Maestre-Serrano; Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera. Dynamics of Population Immunity Due to the Herd Effect in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines 2020, 8, 236 .

AMA Style

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alberto Hormeño-Holgado, Manuel Jiménez, Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez, Natalia Perez-Palencia, Ronald Maestre-Serrano, Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas, Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera. Dynamics of Population Immunity Due to the Herd Effect in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (2):236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez; Alberto Hormeño-Holgado; Manuel Jiménez; Juan Camilo Benitez-Agudelo; Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez; Natalia Perez-Palencia; Ronald Maestre-Serrano; Carmen Cecilia Laborde-Cárdenas; Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera. 2020. "Dynamics of Population Immunity Due to the Herd Effect in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Vaccines 8, no. 2: 236.

Original research article
Published: 10 July 2019 in Frontiers in Physiology
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Actual theaters of operations require fast actions from special operations units with a high level of readiness and survival. Mission accomplishment depends on their psychological and physiological performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze: (1) the physical parameters related with success in a special operation selection course; and (2) the modifications of the psychological profile of recruits before and after a special operation selection course. Fifty-five male soldiers of the Spanish Army (25.1 ± 5.0 years, 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, 76.8 ± 7.9 kg, 24.4 ± 2.5 kg/m2) undertaking a 10-week special operation selection course performed a battery of physiological and psychological tests. Results showed how successful soldiers presented higher leg strength, anaerobic running performance, and cardiovascular response than non-successful soldiers. The psychological values of life engagement test, acceptance and action questionnaire, coping flexibility scale, and perceived stress scale did not present significant differences after the selection course. We can conclude that success in a special operation selection course was related to higher anaerobic and cardiovascular fitness. This special operation selection course did not modify the psychological profile of successful soldiers.

ACS Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological Patterns Related to Success in a Special Operation Selection Course. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 867 .

AMA Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological Patterns Related to Success in a Special Operation Selection Course. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. 2019. "Psychophysiological Patterns Related to Success in a Special Operation Selection Course." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 867.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2019 in Physiology & Behavior
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Extreme limits of the human body could be reached in air combat. We analysed 29 fighter pilots before and after offensive and defensive manoeuvres on heart rate (HR), heart rate variability, leg and hand strength, spirometry, temperature, blood oxygen saturation (BOS), lactate, hydration (USG), cortical activation, memory and psychological variables. The defensive manoeuvre produced a significative decrease in forced vital capacity from spirometry and USG post flight, a moderate effect in the decrease in cognitive anxiety and an increase in leg strength. A significant increase in mean HR and an increase with a large effect size was reported for Stress Subjective Perception and Rating of Perceived Exertion in both manoeuvres. With this data we can conclude that high level of physical fitness and specific training programs should be applied to fighter pilots.

ACS Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Effect of different combat jet manoeuvres in the psychophysiological response of professional pilots. Physiology & Behavior 2019, 208, 112559 .

AMA Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado, Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Effect of different combat jet manoeuvres in the psychophysiological response of professional pilots. Physiology & Behavior. 2019; 208 ():112559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. 2019. "Effect of different combat jet manoeuvres in the psychophysiological response of professional pilots." Physiology & Behavior 208, no. : 112559.

Education and training
Published: 19 January 2019 in Journal of Medical Systems
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The present research aimed: i. to analyse the psychophysiological response of soldiers undertaking a special operation selection course; ii. to study the relationship between fat and muscle loss and the psychophysiological response of soldiers undertaking a special operation selection course. We analysed 46 professional soldiers from a special operations unit (25.1 ± 5.0 years, 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, 76.8 ± 7.9 kg, 24.4 ± 2.5 kg/m2) undertaking the last phase of their 10 weeks special operation selection course. Before and immediately after the exercise the following variables were assessed: Stress subjective perception, fatigue subjective perception, rating of perceived perception, cortical arousal, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, spirometry, isometric hand strength, lower body muscular strength, urine, body composition, life engagement test, coping flexibility scale, acceptance and action questionnaire, perceived stress scale, anxiety state, visual analogue scale and differential aptitude test. A special operation selection course induced an intense stress and physical response as suggested by the psychophysiological changes with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in fatigue and stress subjective perception, blood oxygen saturation, Ph, cognitive impairment and motivation-loss. Moreover, decreased leg strength, peak expiratory flow, cortical arousal, body composition, body weight, fat and muscle mass, anxiety stress, alertness, sadness and tension decreased after the exercise. Regarding body composition, higher muscle mass loss participants were related to a higher cognitive impairment and similar psychophysiological response than lower fat mass loss participants.

ACS Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological Monitorization in a Special Operation Selection Course. Journal of Medical Systems 2019, 43, 47 .

AMA Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado, Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological Monitorization in a Special Operation Selection Course. Journal of Medical Systems. 2019; 43 (3):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto J. Hormeño-Holgado; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. 2019. "Psychophysiological Monitorization in a Special Operation Selection Course." Journal of Medical Systems 43, no. 3: 47.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2018 in Physiology & Behavior
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Different extreme contexts elicit a stress response on human body, specifically on combat produces an increase of sympathetic nervous system and a direct effect on the organic response. This research aimed to study the psychophysiological response of an air security force in a simulated air accident in a hostile area and its subsequent subterfuge to a safe area. We analyzed 13 soldiers (32.4 ± 8.0 years) from an air security force unit of the Spanish Air Force who were divided into three teams to conduct the manoeuvre. We analyzed before and after the manoeuvre psychological well-being scale, personal views survey, recovery-stress questionnaire (REST-52 Sport); heart rate variability, visual analogue scale, rated of perceived exertion, spirometry, hydration and hand strength were analyzed during the four days of the manoeuvre: This produced a significantly (p < .05) increase in sympathetic modulation, hand strength, dehydration status, general and specific stress from RESTQ-52. With this data we can conclude that an air accident manoeuvre of three nights and four days causes in the air mobile protection team a high sympathetic nervous system modulation, increases on muscle strength manifestations and stress and a dehydration status.

ACS Style

Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado; Miguel Angel Perez-Martinez; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological response of air mobile protection teams in an air accident manoeuvre. Physiology & Behavior 2018, 199, 79 -83.

AMA Style

Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado, Miguel Angel Perez-Martinez, Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. Psychophysiological response of air mobile protection teams in an air accident manoeuvre. Physiology & Behavior. 2018; 199 ():79-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Joaquin Hormeno-Holgado; Miguel Angel Perez-Martinez; Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. 2018. "Psychophysiological response of air mobile protection teams in an air accident manoeuvre." Physiology & Behavior 199, no. : 79-83.