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This paper presents a numerical and analytical study on single-storey cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear-walls with openings subjected to lateral loads. The main objective was to investigate the location and distribution of maximum values of axial and shear forces in relevant wall sections. The influence of parameters such as wall geometry (different sizes of wall openings, door openings, lintel/parapet lengths and heights, wall thickness) and different stiffness levels of mechanical anchors for CLT wall connection with floor/foundation were studied. Finite element (FE) parametric analyses were performed on a set of single-storey CLT shear-walls with door and window openings and were compared with analytical models for determination of internal forces. The importance of wall connections’ flexibility was identified, as the distribution of internal forces in walls with rigid and flexible anchors were considerably different. The obtained outcomes of this study provide a solid base for the next step, an experimental investigation of in-plane internal force distribution in CLT walls with openings, which will serve for further development of numerical, analytical and design approaches.
Daniele Casagrande; Riccardo Fanti; Marco Greco; Igor Gavric; Andrea Polastri. On the distribution of internal forces in single-storey CLT symmetric shear-walls with openings. Structures 2021, 33, 4718 -4742.
AMA StyleDaniele Casagrande, Riccardo Fanti, Marco Greco, Igor Gavric, Andrea Polastri. On the distribution of internal forces in single-storey CLT symmetric shear-walls with openings. Structures. 2021; 33 ():4718-4742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Casagrande; Riccardo Fanti; Marco Greco; Igor Gavric; Andrea Polastri. 2021. "On the distribution of internal forces in single-storey CLT symmetric shear-walls with openings." Structures 33, no. : 4718-4742.
Use of timber as a construction material has entered a period of renaissance since the development of high-performance engineered wood products, enabling larger and taller buildings to be built. In addition, due to substantial contribution of the building sector to global energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and waste production, sustainable solutions are needed, for which timber has shown a great potential as a sustainable, resilient and renewable building alternative, not only for single family homes but also for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Both recent technological developments in timber engineering and exponentially increased use of engineered wood products and wood composites reflect in deficiency of current timber codes and standards. This paper presents an overview of some of the current challenges and emerging trends in the field of seismic design of timber buildings. Currently existing building codes and the development of new generation of European building codes are presented. Ongoing studies on a variety topics within seismic timber engineering are presented, including tall timber and hybrid buildings, composites with timber and seismic retrofitting with timber. Crucial challenges, key research needs and opportunities are addressed and critically discussed.
Mislav Stepinac; Iztok Šušteršič; Igor Gavrić; Vlatka Rajčić. Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1380 .
AMA StyleMislav Stepinac, Iztok Šušteršič, Igor Gavrić, Vlatka Rajčić. Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (4):1380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMislav Stepinac; Iztok Šušteršič; Igor Gavrić; Vlatka Rajčić. 2020. "Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4: 1380.
Timber structures are widely recognized to perform very well under strong ground motions. A non-linear dynamic analysis can be carried out to assess their seismic performance for design purposes, as allowed by the current regulations. When dealing with timber structures, however, the difficulties typically involved by this very powerful method of analysis may increase and sometimes become even overwhelming. The reasons are mainly due to insufficient experimental data, lack of standard constitutive models for timber connections and inadequate support provided by the current seismic codes. The key aspects related to modelling the non-linear behaviour of modern timber structures with particular focus to the crucial role of connections are analyzed in this paper. By referring to a case-study building made by solid cross-laminated (X-Lam) timber panels and designed according to the Eurocodes, the path that the designer has to undertake when carrying out a time-history non-linear analysis of a X-Lam timber structure is put in evidence, while some simplified assumptions are suggested and justified. A concentrated plasticity three-dimensional model is adopted where the hysteretic behaviour of connections is implemented by exploiting experimental data available from the literature. Three suites of earthquake records are considered in the investigation. The paper aims to give structural engineers some useful hints to carry out non-linear dynamic analyses of cross-laminated timber structures for design purposes.
Maria Cristina Porcu; Claudio Bosu; Igor Gavrić. Non-linear dynamic analysis to assess the seismic performance of cross-laminated timber structures. Journal of Building Engineering 2018, 19, 480 -493.
AMA StyleMaria Cristina Porcu, Claudio Bosu, Igor Gavrić. Non-linear dynamic analysis to assess the seismic performance of cross-laminated timber structures. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018; 19 ():480-493.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cristina Porcu; Claudio Bosu; Igor Gavrić. 2018. "Non-linear dynamic analysis to assess the seismic performance of cross-laminated timber structures." Journal of Building Engineering 19, no. : 480-493.
Marjan Popovski; Igor Gavric. Performance of a 2-Story CLT House Subjected to Lateral Loads. Journal of Structural Engineering 2016, 142, 1 .
AMA StyleMarjan Popovski, Igor Gavric. Performance of a 2-Story CLT House Subjected to Lateral Loads. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2016; 142 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarjan Popovski; Igor Gavric. 2016. "Performance of a 2-Story CLT House Subjected to Lateral Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 142, no. 4: 1.
Igor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic Behavior of CLT Wall Systems: Experimental Tests and Analytical Prediction Models. Journal of Structural Engineering 2015, 141, 04015034 .
AMA StyleIgor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic Behavior of CLT Wall Systems: Experimental Tests and Analytical Prediction Models. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2015; 141 (11):04015034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. 2015. "Cyclic Behavior of CLT Wall Systems: Experimental Tests and Analytical Prediction Models." Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 11: 04015034.
This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental programme on typical cross-laminated timber (CLT) screwed connections conducted at CNR-IVALSA research institute. In-plane monotonic and cyclic shear and withdrawal tests were performed on screwed wall-to-wall, floor-to-floor and wall-to-floor CLT connections. Mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility ratio and impairment of strength were evaluated. The experimental results showed good performance of CLT screwed joints under cyclic loads when ductile behaviour was achieved. Brittle response occurred only in cases where requirements for end and edge distances were not satisfied. The experimental characteristic shear strength and mean slip modulus of the connections were compared with values obtained using analytical design equations. The Eurocode 5 (EC5) formulas overestimated the characteristic strength values in some cases, while the Uibel and Blaß formulas specifically developed for CLT connections provided more accurate and conservative predictions. In cases where brittle failures were attained, the analytical values overestimated the experimental ones. This issue can be avoided when the requirements for minimum edge and end distances stated by EC5 are fulfilled. EC5 empirical formulas for the prediction of the screw connection slip modulus at serviceability limit state corresponded well with the experimental elastic values. The overstrength factor, which is of great importance in capacity-based design, was also evaluated, and a conservative value of 1.6 can be recommended for screwed CLT connections.
Igor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic behavior of typical screwed connections for cross-laminated (CLT) structures. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2015, 73, 179 -191.
AMA StyleIgor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic behavior of typical screwed connections for cross-laminated (CLT) structures. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2015; 73 (2):179-191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. 2015. "Cyclic behavior of typical screwed connections for cross-laminated (CLT) structures." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 73, no. 2: 179-191.
Igor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic behaviour of typical metal connectors for cross-laminated (CLT) structures. Materials and Structures 2014, 48, 1841 -1857.
AMA StyleIgor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Ario Ceccotti. Cyclic behaviour of typical metal connectors for cross-laminated (CLT) structures. Materials and Structures. 2014; 48 (6):1841-1857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Ario Ceccotti. 2014. "Cyclic behaviour of typical metal connectors for cross-laminated (CLT) structures." Materials and Structures 48, no. 6: 1841-1857.
In this paper, the behaviour of cross-lam (CLT) wall systems under cyclic loads is examined. Experimental investigations of single walls and adjacent wall panels (coupled walls) in terms of cyclic behaviour under lateral loading carried out ìn Italy at IVALSA Trees and Timber Institute and in Canada at FPInnovations are presented. Different classifications of the global behaviour of CLT wall systems are introduced. Typical failure mechanisms are discussed and provisions for a proper CLT wall seismic design are given. The influences of different types of global behaviour on mechanical properties and energy dissipation of the CLT wall systems are critically discussed. The outcomes of this experimental study provides better understanding of the seismic behaviour and energy dissipation capacities of CLT wall systems.
Igor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Marjan Popovski; Ario Ceccotti. Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 2014, 689 -702.
AMA StyleIgor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Marjan Popovski, Ario Ceccotti. Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6. 2014; ():689-702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgor Gavric; Massimo Fragiacomo; Marjan Popovski; Ario Ceccotti. 2014. "Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads." High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 , no. : 689-702.
Marjan Popovski; Igor Gavric; Johannes Schneider. PERFORMANCE OF TWO-STOREY CLT HOUSE SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADS. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMarjan Popovski, Igor Gavric, Johannes Schneider. PERFORMANCE OF TWO-STOREY CLT HOUSE SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADS. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarjan Popovski; Igor Gavric; Johannes Schneider. 2021. "PERFORMANCE OF TWO-STOREY CLT HOUSE SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADS." , no. : 1.