Salted water occupies the greatest part in the world, but we are not using all of it because of its saline character. In addition, there is an excessive consumption of energy in most systems of desalination which leads to generating gases that cause global warming. Besides, in certain countries of the world this energy is not available in great quantity. Distillation is an operation which transforms, by heating, the seawater or brackish water into vapor. Through condensation, this vapor gives water of great purity. Among the various processes, solar distillation is an interesting solution in the isolated areas. The objective of our work is to study the transfers of heat and mass in a solar distillatory. Thus, we studied the evaluation of the thermophysical properties and the effect of the properties of humid air—as binary mixture of water vapor and dry air—on the coefficient of transfer of heat by convection and the evaporative ratio of thermal coefficient of transfer and the flow of the distillate. In addition to these theoretical results, we have replicated previous experimental investigations. We have also established equations governing the operation of a solar distiller with capillary film, in the resolution based on the numerical approach based on the method of Runge–Kutta. The results obtained show that the effect of relative humidity and the differences in temperature between the pan and brine on the convective coefficient and thermophysical parameters of solar distiller.

The paper presents the focuses of application in membrane processes for the desalination of brackish water or salt water using the sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD); at first, it is the least used configuration of MD, and the design of this system is arduous and very expensive, and it is used to treat solutions containing non-volatile compounds, such us salts which is totally rejected, and high purity of water was recuperated. Vapor transfer is an important thermally induced phenomenon in the membrane-by-membrane (MD) evaporation and condensation. Our SGMD distillation system was simulated using MATLAB programmers on heat and mass transfer aspects. In our research, we found that heat and mass transfer in the SGMD is determined by the evaporation temperature of the gas and the sweep rate. The operational parameter (fluid velocity) is influenced across the layer on both sides of the membrane, because it is the source of the transfer of heat and mass in many membrane processes.