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Carter A. Hunt is an Associate Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, and Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA. He received his PhD in Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences from Texas A&M University. He is an environmental anthropologist and conservation social scientist who researches the intersections of tourism, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable community development in Latin America and beyond.
Coastal communities are among the most rapidly changing, institutionally complex, and culturally diverse in the world, and they are among the most vulnerable to anthropogenic change. While being a driver of anthropogenic change, tourism can also provide socio-economic alternatives to declining natural resource-based livelihoods for coastal residents. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of small-scale cruise tourism on coastal community resiliency in Petersburg, Alaska. Exploring these impacts through resiliency theory’s lens of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, we employed ethnographic research methods that emphasize emic viewpoints to determine how residents see this form of tourism affecting the resiliency of valued community culture, institutions, and traditional livelihoods. Findings indicate that with purposeful engagement in niche cruise tourism involving boats with 250 passengers or less, and an active rejection of the large cruise ship industry, Petersburg exhibits increased adaptive capacity to promote the resilience of valued community institutions and heritage. This work draws needed recognition to the diversity of activities that fall under the label of cruise tourism, including the distinct implications of smaller-scale, niche cruise tourism for the resilience of coastal communities. It also highlights the need to capture emic perspectives to understand the politics of community resiliency.
Ryan S. Naylor; Carter A. Hunt; Karl S. Zimmerer; B. Derrick Taff. Emic Views of Community Resilience and Coastal Tourism Development. Societies 2021, 11, 94 .
AMA StyleRyan S. Naylor, Carter A. Hunt, Karl S. Zimmerer, B. Derrick Taff. Emic Views of Community Resilience and Coastal Tourism Development. Societies. 2021; 11 (3):94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyan S. Naylor; Carter A. Hunt; Karl S. Zimmerer; B. Derrick Taff. 2021. "Emic Views of Community Resilience and Coastal Tourism Development." Societies 11, no. 3: 94.
Despite existing in practice, as well as in other social science and policy literature, narcotourism has not appeared in tourism journals, and its full scope remains unarticulated. This paper aims to introduce narcotourism to a broad audience of tourism scholars, provide its conceptual foundations, and guide subsequent tourism scholarship on this topic. Looking beyond writings that have previously focused on the consumption of drugs during travel and tourism experiences, this paper presents a conceptual framework distinguishing six different tourism-related activities encompassed by the term narcotourism: consumption-oriented narcotourism, production-oriented narcotourism, acquisition-oriented narcotourism, dark heritage narcotourism, narcotrafficker tourism and emulatory narcotourism. This framework describes the hallmark characteristics of each form of narcotourism, identifies linkages between these forms of narcotourism and other areas of tourism scholarship, and concludes by suggesting a future research agenda for narcotourism. Given a long history of association between tourism activities and drug consumption, shifting legal dynamics regarding drug use, insights emerging from related disciplines, and narcotourism’s coexistence alongside myriad forms of tourism already explored by tourism scholars, this paper provides a timely foundation for future research on narcotourism within tourism studies.
Carter Hunt. Narcotourism: a conceptual framework and research agenda. Tourism Geographies 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleCarter Hunt. Narcotourism: a conceptual framework and research agenda. Tourism Geographies. 2021; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter Hunt. 2021. "Narcotourism: a conceptual framework and research agenda." Tourism Geographies , no. : 1-15.
Most previous research on residential outdoor environmental education (ROEE) programs has focused on the outcomes associated with student participation in these learning experiences. In contrast to these previous studies, this research takes an interpretivist approach to understand how work as a short-term instructor in a ROEE setting may also uniquely support learning and development for this population as well. A sample of former short-term instructors across the developmental period of emerging adulthood were interviewed to retrospectively explore the meaning that work in a single ROEE program holds in their current lives. Inductive analysis found social practice theory effectively aligned with the meaning former short-term instructors associated with program involvement. These findings suggest that short-term instructor work influenced individuals’ identity development processes in both a social-emotional and pro-environmental manner. Moving past their ROEE experience, former short-term instructors attempted to live out meaningful practices associated with these program-related identities, such as sharing the outdoors with others. Implications for both professional development in a ROEE setting and future research are discussed.
Timothy J. Mateer; B. Derrick Taff; Carter A. Hunt; Pete Allison; Ellen Will. Understanding emerging adult identity development through work at a residential outdoor environmental education program: an application of social practice theory. Environmental Education Research 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleTimothy J. Mateer, B. Derrick Taff, Carter A. Hunt, Pete Allison, Ellen Will. Understanding emerging adult identity development through work at a residential outdoor environmental education program: an application of social practice theory. Environmental Education Research. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimothy J. Mateer; B. Derrick Taff; Carter A. Hunt; Pete Allison; Ellen Will. 2021. "Understanding emerging adult identity development through work at a residential outdoor environmental education program: an application of social practice theory." Environmental Education Research , no. : 1-18.
The purpose of the research presented here was to empirically assess resident perceptions of tourism development around the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR), a protected area straddling the China and North Korea border. Several theoretical approaches to the assessment of local resident attitudes towards tourism were reviewed and integrated into a novel factor-cluster assessment of residents in Erdaobaihe, the community most adjacent to CMBR. This analysis quantitatively grouped residents based on their perceptions of tourism’s economic, social, cultural, and environmental consequences for the town. An exploratory factor analysis of resident perceptual items first revealed six perception domains, and a subsequent cluster analysis then identified four distinct groups of residents based on these perceptions. A descriptive profile of each cluster and the significant differences among clusters are provided. Advancing our theoretical understanding of resident perspectives of tourism development, this cluster-based segmentation approach, demonstrated here, holds much promise for elaborating on the many ways that residents respond to new and long-standing forms of tourism in their communities. These theoretical and methodological contributions will be applicable to scholars as well as tourism practitioners and policy makers.
Xiaoping Gu; Carter Hunt; Michael Lengieza; Lijun Niu; Huiwen Wu; Yue Wang; Xiang Jia. Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Tourism with a Factor-Cluster Approach. Sustainability 2020, 13, 199 .
AMA StyleXiaoping Gu, Carter Hunt, Michael Lengieza, Lijun Niu, Huiwen Wu, Yue Wang, Xiang Jia. Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Tourism with a Factor-Cluster Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoping Gu; Carter Hunt; Michael Lengieza; Lijun Niu; Huiwen Wu; Yue Wang; Xiang Jia. 2020. "Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Tourism with a Factor-Cluster Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 199.
Despite explicit links to justice issues inherent in indigenous rights movements, little research has been undertaken to understand Indigenous Tourism from a justice perspective. This study employs ethnographic interviewing, participant observation, and archival data to study tourism in the Tz’utujil Maya community of Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala. Findings emphasize emic views of local community members that offer valuable insights for understanding justice as it relates to Tz’utujil culture. We argue that the loss of Indigenous culture, ways of living, and ways of knowing would almost certainly be hastened if tourism and the associated cultural valuation were not present. Furthermore, direct participation in negotiation on tourism related matters is a key principle to facilitate autonomy, agency, fairness and equity in cultural justice. Authenticity, similarly, is a negotiated concept, requiring direct participation to facilitate fairness and equity in cultural tourism, as seen being practiced by the Tz’utujil people. The cultural justice framing here makes a valuable contribution to recent writing in tourism studies on indigenous environmental justice.
Lucy C. Harbor; Carter A. Hunt. Indigenous tourism and cultural justice in a Tz’utujil Maya community, Guatemala. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2020, 29, 214 -233.
AMA StyleLucy C. Harbor, Carter A. Hunt. Indigenous tourism and cultural justice in a Tz’utujil Maya community, Guatemala. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020; 29 (2-3):214-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucy C. Harbor; Carter A. Hunt. 2020. "Indigenous tourism and cultural justice in a Tz’utujil Maya community, Guatemala." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 29, no. 2-3: 214-233.
Carter Hunt; William H. Durham; Claire M. Menke. Bonds, Bridges, and Links to Development in Osa and Golfito, Costa Rica. The Ecolaboratory 2020, 189 -203.
AMA StyleCarter Hunt, William H. Durham, Claire M. Menke. Bonds, Bridges, and Links to Development in Osa and Golfito, Costa Rica. The Ecolaboratory. 2020; ():189-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter Hunt; William H. Durham; Claire M. Menke. 2020. "Bonds, Bridges, and Links to Development in Osa and Golfito, Costa Rica." The Ecolaboratory , no. : 189-203.
Ecotourism originated in the 1980s, at the dawn of sustainable development, as a way to channel tourism revenues into conservation and development. Despite the “win-win” idea, scholars and practitioners debate the meaning and merits of ecotourism. We conducted a review of 30 years of ecotourism research, looking for empirical evidence of successes and failures. We found the following trends: Ecotourism is often conflated with outdoor recreation and other forms of conventional tourism; impact studies tend to focus on either ecological or social impacts, but rarely both; and research tends to lack time series data, precluding authors from discerning effects over time, either on conservation, levels of biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, local governance, or other indicators. Given increasing pressures on wild lands and wildlife, we see a need to add rigor to analyses of ecotourism. We provide suggestions for future research and offer a framework for study design and issues of measurement and scaling.
Amanda L. Stronza; Carter Hunt; Lee A. Fitzgerald. Ecotourism for Conservation? Annual Review of Environment and Resources 2019, 44, 229 -253.
AMA StyleAmanda L. Stronza, Carter Hunt, Lee A. Fitzgerald. Ecotourism for Conservation? Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2019; 44 (1):229-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmanda L. Stronza; Carter Hunt; Lee A. Fitzgerald. 2019. "Ecotourism for Conservation?" Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44, no. 1: 229-253.
Recently, tourism scholars have recognized that travel can create transformation, including (1) personal benefits such as improved wellbeing and personal growth and (2) societal benefits such as increased open-mindedness and more positive pro-environmental attitudes, motivations, and behaviors. Expanding and integrating this research, this experimental study tests whether travel experiences, with eudaimonic elements of self-discovery and a sense of meaning, lead to these benefits and tests a proposed process where these experiences influence personal changes that subsequently create societal benefits. Specifically, using an online MTurk sample (n = 481) with a broad range of recent vacation experiences, we test whether (1) post-trip self-reflection on eudaimonic travel experiences (2) creates affective responses (3) that lead to self-transcendent changes and (4) subsequent post-trip philanthropy among recent travelers. Results of structural equation modeling indicate that philanthropic effects of travel were initiated by the eudaimonic self-reflections via eudaimonic affect and self-transcendent outcomes. This study contributes to the research linking eudaimonia and travel and provides insights into the ways that the travel industry can be harnessed as a potent tool for promoting personal meaning, self-transcendence, and prosocial outcomes.
Michael L. Lengieza; Janet K. Swim; Carter Hunt. Effects of post-trip eudaimonic reflections on affect, self-transcendence and philanthropy. The Service Industries Journal 2019, 41, 285 -306.
AMA StyleMichael L. Lengieza, Janet K. Swim, Carter Hunt. Effects of post-trip eudaimonic reflections on affect, self-transcendence and philanthropy. The Service Industries Journal. 2019; 41 (3-4):285-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael L. Lengieza; Janet K. Swim; Carter Hunt. 2019. "Effects of post-trip eudaimonic reflections on affect, self-transcendence and philanthropy." The Service Industries Journal 41, no. 3-4: 285-306.
Tourism is among the largest global market forces driving both environmental and sociocultural change, and indigenous peoples residing in biodiverse regions are particularly vulnerable to this change. As indigenous people engage with global markets, questions arise regarding how different forms of tourism privilege particular indigenous knowledge, and how local communities proactively leverage their knowledge to improve the social and environmental outcomes of tourism. The aim of this ethnographic case study in the region around Misahuallí, Ecuador is to provide a thick description of the tourism-related social, cultural, and environmental changes being faced by this indigenous community, itself a microcosm of the challenges being faced by indigenous communities across the globe. Common pool resource theory and the concepts of subtractability and non-excludability are invoked to analyze the ways that tourism influences the management of traditional cultural knowledge, and alternatively, how this knowledge influences the ways that tourism manifests in the local community. This novel application of traditional ecological knowledge and common pool resource theory to tourism research provides a critical link between these theories, and it extends existing analyses of tourism’s influence on common pool environmental resources to common pool cultural resources, in this case, traditional knowledge in Kichwa communities.
Annie A. Marcinek; Carter A. Hunt. Tourism and cultural commons in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 2019, 17, 449 -466.
AMA StyleAnnie A. Marcinek, Carter A. Hunt. Tourism and cultural commons in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. 2019; 17 (4):449-466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnie A. Marcinek; Carter A. Hunt. 2019. "Tourism and cultural commons in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 17, no. 4: 449-466.
With 2017 as the UN’s International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development and the role of tourism in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, ensuring that tourism be designed and managed for sustainability is more imperative than ever. Here we present the Sustainability Insight Scale (SIS), which offers scholars and practitioners a practical tool for assessing sustainability-specific learning. A strong link between travel and learning is well documented, and recent research documents positive links between travel and pro-environmental outcomes. Integrating these writings with scholarship on sustainability meta-competencies, we focus attention on four elements of sustainability insights: temporal thinking, interpersonal literacy, systems thinking, and personal connection to life on the planet. When acquired during travel, these insights are likely important precursors to post-trip pro-environmental behavioural change. With sustainable tourism on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the SIS will be of interest to tourism researchers, planners, and policy makers seeking to promote sustainability education.
Michael L. Lengieza; Carter A. Hunt; Janet K. Swim. Travel-induced learning: a validation of the sustainability insight scale. Current Issues in Tourism 2019, 23, 938 -941.
AMA StyleMichael L. Lengieza, Carter A. Hunt, Janet K. Swim. Travel-induced learning: a validation of the sustainability insight scale. Current Issues in Tourism. 2019; 23 (8):938-941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael L. Lengieza; Carter A. Hunt; Janet K. Swim. 2019. "Travel-induced learning: a validation of the sustainability insight scale." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 8: 938-941.
Adventure tourism, wellness tourism, and ecotourism (AWE) are growing faster than the global tourism growth rate. There is growing evidence that these forms of travel have disproportionately positive effects on reflection, personal meaning, and pro-environmental outcomes in relation to other forms of tourism. This exploratory case study of an AWE experience is driven by three primary questions: 1) what are the characteristics of the AWE experience that travelers feel are most unique in relation to other travel experiences?; 2) how do visitors describe the influence of AWE on their attitudes, knowledge and behavior?; and 3) are there any characteristics of AWE that can be adapted, adopted, and scaled up to inspire pro-environmental behavior across the tourism industry more broadly? To address these questions, interview data from AWE travelers are inductively analyzed. Findings suggest three principal mechanisms motivating travelers to take up healthy new actions, lifestyle changes, and environmental stewardship pledges: immersive experiences, identity reinforcement, and meaningful reflection opportunities during and after the trip. This study provides an empirical complement to a growing body of conceptual research into the precursors of pro-environmental behavior after nature-based travel. The presented analysis invokes theories that have yet to be fully applied to AWE travel, notably, writings that assess the eudaimonic elements of the tourism experience. Given the indication that AWE inspires pro-environmental action, this research identifies new paths for developing our understanding of how the characteristics of AWE can be adapted, adopted, and scaled up to inspire pro-environmental behavior at other niche tourism operators or across the tourism industry more broadly.
Carter A. Hunt; Lucy C. Harbor. Pro-environmental tourism: Lessons from adventure, wellness and eco-tourism (AWE) in Costa Rica. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 2019, 28, 1 .
AMA StyleCarter A. Hunt, Lucy C. Harbor. Pro-environmental tourism: Lessons from adventure, wellness and eco-tourism (AWE) in Costa Rica. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2019; 28 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter A. Hunt; Lucy C. Harbor. 2019. "Pro-environmental tourism: Lessons from adventure, wellness and eco-tourism (AWE) in Costa Rica." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 28, no. : 1.
Michael L. Lengieza; Carter A. Hunt; Janet K. Swim. Measuring eudaimonic travel experiences. Annals of Tourism Research 2019, 74, 195 -197.
AMA StyleMichael L. Lengieza, Carter A. Hunt, Janet K. Swim. Measuring eudaimonic travel experiences. Annals of Tourism Research. 2019; 74 ():195-197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael L. Lengieza; Carter A. Hunt; Janet K. Swim. 2019. "Measuring eudaimonic travel experiences." Annals of Tourism Research 74, no. : 195-197.
Carter A. Hunt; L.J. Gorenflo. Tourism development in a biodiversity hotspot. Annals of Tourism Research 2018, 76, 320 -322.
AMA StyleCarter A. Hunt, L.J. Gorenflo. Tourism development in a biodiversity hotspot. Annals of Tourism Research. 2018; 76 ():320-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter A. Hunt; L.J. Gorenflo. 2018. "Tourism development in a biodiversity hotspot." Annals of Tourism Research 76, no. : 320-322.
Annie A. Marcinek; Carter A. Hunt. Friction in the forest: a confluence of structural and discursive political ecologies of tourism in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2018, 27, 536 -553.
AMA StyleAnnie A. Marcinek, Carter A. Hunt. Friction in the forest: a confluence of structural and discursive political ecologies of tourism in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2018; 27 (4):536-553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnie A. Marcinek; Carter A. Hunt. 2018. "Friction in the forest: a confluence of structural and discursive political ecologies of tourism in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27, no. 4: 536-553.
It has been 40 years since Costa Rican ecologist Gerardo Budowski first proposed a potential symbiotic relationship between tourism and environmental conservation. Given the attention that marine turtles enjoy from both conservationists and tourists, as well as the pressures that endanger and threatened them, their predicament brings sharp-relief examples to Budowski’s proposal of conflict, co-existence, or symbiosis between tourism and conservation. Although marine ecosystems are among the most productive on the planet, they are also some of the most threatened. While limited-take regimes have become the most common management strategy for marine protected areas, conservation success depends on the history of local resource use, the presence and nature resource management institutions, and an understanding of competing resource use. As in terrestrial contexts, this means providing sustained benefits for communities dependent on marine ecosystems. Carefully managed marine turtle tourism can be a means of providing such benefits. As a contribution to a special issue of JPRA focused on nature tourism in Latin America, this paper shares insights obtained during the stakeholder consultation process leading to the articulation of three marine protected area management plans in Costa Rica where marine turtle nesting and associated tourism activities occur. We seek to provide pragmatic answers to questions about the most effective way for park management to coordinate with local communities to ensure that tourism contributes to extending the extinction horizon for endangered sea turtle species within each protected area. The descriptive case studies presented here make clear the ongoing lack of systematic data about visitor numbers, activities, and impacts in Costa Rican MPAs and nearby communities. Yet the inclusion of stakeholder consultation in the parks’ strategic planning processes demonstrates movement in the needed direction. Coupled with the new forms of social organization around sea turtle conservation and the associated tourism activities, two of the three cases presented here provide compelling evidence of marine turtle tourism extending the extinction horizon of endangered marine turtle species, confirming that Budowski's hope for symbiosis between tourism and conservation is alive and well.Subscribe to JPRA
Carter A. Hunt; Erick Vargas. Turtles, Ticos, and Tourists: Protected Areas and Marine Turtle Conservation in Costa Rica. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 2018, 36, 101 -114.
AMA StyleCarter A. Hunt, Erick Vargas. Turtles, Ticos, and Tourists: Protected Areas and Marine Turtle Conservation in Costa Rica. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 2018; 36 (3):101-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter A. Hunt; Erick Vargas. 2018. "Turtles, Ticos, and Tourists: Protected Areas and Marine Turtle Conservation in Costa Rica." Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 36, no. 3: 101-114.
This article presents a review of the peer-reviewed scholarship that explores the relationship between tourism and empowerment. The concept of empowerment has attracted much interest from social scientists, and we begin by briefly synthesizing those perspectives. Our query of scholarly databases reveals 53 peer-reviewed articles that focus either conceptually or empirically on the topic of tourism-related empowerment. A thematic analysis of these writings revealed five main areas of focus: (1) issues related to local residents, (2) issues related to gender, (3) issues related to employees of tourism and hospitality firms, (4) issues related to disempowerment, and (5) issues related to tourists. We emphasize three main summary points about this literature. First, empowerment is typically assessed via single-shot case studies that focus on outcome rather process. Second, subjects of research on empowerment are not limited to local resident "hosts." Third, although scholars have addressed a related notion of disempowerment, it is not clear whether this exists at the opposite end of a single empowerment continuum or if instead these are two distinct concepts, each occurring along a unique dimension. Finally, we build upon other social sciences and our synthesis of the tourism literature to offer a reconciliatory definition of empowerment as "a multidimensional, context-dependent, and dynamic process that provides humans, individually or collectively, with greater agency, freedom, and capacity to improve their quality of life as a function of engagement with the phenomenon of tourism." We conclude by suggesting several opportunities for further empirical research on tourism-related empowerment.
Yeganeh Aghazamani; Carter A. Hunt. Empowerment in Tourism: A Review of Peer-reviewed Literature. Tourism Review International 2017, 21, 333 -346.
AMA StyleYeganeh Aghazamani, Carter A. Hunt. Empowerment in Tourism: A Review of Peer-reviewed Literature. Tourism Review International. 2017; 21 (4):333-346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeganeh Aghazamani; Carter A. Hunt. 2017. "Empowerment in Tourism: A Review of Peer-reviewed Literature." Tourism Review International 21, no. 4: 333-346.
Lan Xue; Deborah Kerstetter; Carter Hunt. Tourism development and changing rural identity in China. Annals of Tourism Research 2017, 66, 170 -182.
AMA StyleLan Xue, Deborah Kerstetter, Carter Hunt. Tourism development and changing rural identity in China. Annals of Tourism Research. 2017; 66 ():170-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLan Xue; Deborah Kerstetter; Carter Hunt. 2017. "Tourism development and changing rural identity in China." Annals of Tourism Research 66, no. : 170-182.
Carter A. Hunt. Nicaragua. Encyclopedia of Tourism 2016, 664 -666.
AMA StyleCarter A. Hunt. Nicaragua. Encyclopedia of Tourism. 2016; ():664-666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter A. Hunt. 2016. "Nicaragua." Encyclopedia of Tourism , no. : 664-666.
Carter Hunt; Michael Petriello. The Land of Lakes and Volcanoes … and a Canal. Anthropology News 2016, 57, 1 .
AMA StyleCarter Hunt, Michael Petriello. The Land of Lakes and Volcanoes … and a Canal. Anthropology News. 2016; 57 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarter Hunt; Michael Petriello. 2016. "The Land of Lakes and Volcanoes … and a Canal." Anthropology News 57, no. 5: 1.
Researchers and practitioners often highlight the potential for nature-based tourism and environmental conservation to function symbiotically, with favourable outcomes for visitors and the environment alike. This paper draws on data from two sets of passengers on weeklong cruises in the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador to explore philanthropic intentions resulting from such nature-based tourism experiences. Our findings suggest that the Galapagos experience fosters enjoyment of the environment, new knowledge about that environment, an affective connection with the environment and the local wildlife, and an interest in sharing those connections with others – trip characteristics that are related with intentions to philanthropically support environmental conservation in the Galapagos. Visitors in this study also exhibited values that related to the amounts they were willing to donate in support of a philanthropic fund for the islands’ conservation needs. This study contributes to the emerging scholarship on travel-related conservation behaviour and travel philanthropy.
Nicole M. Ardoin; Mele Wheaton; Carter A. Hunt; Janel S. Schuh; William H. Durham. Post-trip philanthropic intentions of nature-based tourists in Galapagos. Journal of Ecotourism 2016, 15, 21 -35.
AMA StyleNicole M. Ardoin, Mele Wheaton, Carter A. Hunt, Janel S. Schuh, William H. Durham. Post-trip philanthropic intentions of nature-based tourists in Galapagos. Journal of Ecotourism. 2016; 15 (1):21-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicole M. Ardoin; Mele Wheaton; Carter A. Hunt; Janel S. Schuh; William H. Durham. 2016. "Post-trip philanthropic intentions of nature-based tourists in Galapagos." Journal of Ecotourism 15, no. 1: 21-35.