Introduction: Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a generalized chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall, which results in anatomical and histological changes that, together with functional changes, lead to endothelial dysfunction, narrowing of the arterial lumen, and insufficient blood supply to the tissues. The shift in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases to younger age groups is alarming. The presence of microvascular changes in the myocardium is significant. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, requires early diagnosis and modern treatment. Aim: The aim of the paper is to analyse and point out early diagnosis of coronary heart disease using nuclear medicine methods. Set of examined patients and methodology: Using nuclear medicine methods, we try to detect these changes in time and thus prevent the occurrence of acute coronary events. In nuclear cardiology, instead of a large-area scintillation detector, a new type of cardio-gamma camera "Discovery CZT 530c" based on the principle of semiconductor detectors began to be used. The abbreviation CZT stands for semiconductor composition (Cadmium-Zinc-Tellur). The set of respondents consisted of 4270 people examined in the years 2014-2016 by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. There were 950 diabetic patients in the analysed group of the 4270 examined. Results: In the analysed group of 4270 respondents, 61% had negative findings and 39% had positive findings in terms of the presence of ischemic heart disease. In the group of diabetic patients, there was a negative finding in 28% of respondents and a positive finding in 72% of the respondents in the sense of positive ischemic heart disease. Using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of functional changes, we confirmed a great benefit in detecting early changes in coronary heart disease, including in the diagnosis of microvascular angina. Conclusion: Nuclear medicine methods are of great benefit for the diagnosis of small vessel disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The new type of cardio gamma camera "Discovery CZT 530c" allows more accurate assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities and at the same time the reduction of the radiopharmaceutical dose reduces the patient's radiation load by 50%.

Objective: To verify the relationship between enuresis in childhood and the type of urinary incontinence in adults, taking into account gender and age. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study used a database containing medical records of patients who had difficulty urinating and underwent urodynamic studies between 2010 and 2020 at the Vienna Private Clinic in Vienna. A total of 561 patient medical records were analyzed. A multinomial logistic regression model was modified for the type of UI (urinary incontinence). Statistical version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, 2016–2018) was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 561 patient records, 485 (88.5%) were women and 76 (11.5%) were men, with a mean age of 54 years (SD = 13.2). Patients with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and related variables were the presence of enuresis in childhood (OR = 2.37, IC: 1.43-3.92) and age> 50 years (OR = 2.64). CI: 1.68 - 4.15). The presence of enuresis (OR = 1.77, CI: 1.15–2.73) and age over 50 (OR = 1.71, CI: 1) were also associated when comparing patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and SUI. There was no gender difference for both categories of urinary incontinence. Conclusion: Individuals with MUI and UUI in adulthood were more likely to have a history of enuresis in childhood than those who suffered from SUI.

Метою цього дослідження було оцінити знання та практичні навички медсестер щодо профілактики катетер-асоційованих інфекцій сечових шляхів. Методи. Було проведено перехресне кореляційне дослідження із вибіркою з 67 медсестер, прийнятих на роботу з медичної практики та інтенсивної терапії у Словаччині. Учасники заповнили Анкету знань та практик. Він включав одну частину: Анкета рівня знань та обсягу практик. Збір даних проводився з вересня 2021 року по січень 2022 року. Дані аналізували за допомогою SPSS версії 22. Результати. Більшість медичних сестер (91,2%) відвідували освітню або навчальну програму щодо процедури роботи з сечовим катетером, тоді як лише 8,8% ніколи не відвідували. 32,1% медичних сестер відвідували освітню або навчальну програму щодо процедури роботи з сечовим катетером більше двох разів. Більше половини медичних сестер (77,76%) мали низький рівень знань. При цьому близько третини (35,40%) медичних сестер мали середній рівень знань, і лише 0,72% медсестер мали високий рівень знань. Щодо рівня практики медсестер щодо профілактики катетер-асоційованих інфекцій сечовивідних шляхів, було відзначено, що більшість медсестер (89,90%) мали низький рівень практики. Тоді як 11,10% медсестер мали хороший рівень практики. Висновки. Не було статистичного значущого зв’язку між знаннями та практикою медсестер щодо катетер-асоційованої інфекції сечовивідних шляхів. Крім того, не було суттєвого зв’язку між соціально-демографічними змінними та середніми балами знань чи практики. Хоча існував значний зв’язок між знаннями медсестер та віком, а також існував значний зв’язок між практикою медсестер та поточним підрозділом.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to compare the subjectively perceived level of workload among nurses in outpatient and inpatient care, as well as to identify the factors that most strongly influence its perception. Material and methods: Data collection was carried out using a standardized tool—Meister‘s questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 223 nurses from 15 hospitals, representing all regions/districts within the Slovak Republic. One hundred nurses worked in outpatient care (1st sample) and 123 in inpatient care (2nd sample). Respondents were selected at random. We evaluated the questionnaire in accordance with the procedure recommended by the author, both by item and by factor analysis. We compared the values obtained with the critical values/population norm for the given item and factor. Results: The subjectively perceived level of workload, measured by Meister‘s questionnaire, reached or exceeded the critical median/average value for the monitored area in both groups and in most parameters. Nurses therefore perceived workload as intense in 8 out of 10 areas. Overall, nurses in both outpatient and institutional care showed a level 2 workload with a tendency toward overload. When comparing the subjective perception of workload between outpatient nurses and nurses in institutional care, we did not find any significant differences in the perception of the level or tendency of workload. Conclusion: Unresolved long-term excessive workload has negative impacts on the nurse herself, on the quality of nursing care, but also on the healthcare system.

Background: Wheelchair users face significant daily challenges, many of which are the result of physical, social, and attitudinal barriers in society rather than their impairment alone. Public attitudes toward this group are shaped by personal experience, awareness, and the availability of accessible infrastructure. In Ukraine, the number of people with disabilities has increased due to the ongoing war, highlighting the relevance of student perspectives in this context. Objective: To compare the attitudes of students from Ukraine and the Visegrad Group (V4) countries—Poland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia—toward wheelchair users. Materials and Methods: In 2024, a total of 997 students from Poland, 1222 from the Czech Republic, 918 from Slovakia, and 986 from Ukraine participated in a survey using the standardized Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities (MAS). Sampling was non-random and based on convenience, which limits the representativeness of the findings. Results: Cognitive and behavioral components of attitudes were generally stable and comparable across all four groups. However, significant differences were observed in the emotional subscale, with Ukrainian students demonstrating more positive attitudes. The median total MAS score was lower (indicating more favorable attitudes) for Ukrainian students (60) compared to Poland, Slovakia (68), and the Czech Republic (71). Conclusions: Ukrainian students reported more positive emotional attitudes toward wheelchair users compared to peers from Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. These results highlight the influence of social context on attitudes toward people with disabilities.

The authors of the paper statistically evaluated the results of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scans in 1050 patients with suspected Parkinson's disease. The control group consisted of patients with other neurological diseases who underwent SPECT brain scans. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on clinical examination is not always straightforward. An examination of the transport dopaminergic route by Ioflupane ( ¹²³ I) helps to refine the diagnosis. Based on the obtained results, the authors believe that in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (or Parkinson's syndrome), SPECT brain imaging is of unmistakable importance, both from a clinical, therapeutic and socioeconomic point of view. In Parkinson's disease, the functional state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes. Examination of the ANS can help both in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes and in determining the degree of impairment; it is a prognostic indicator. Results of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) examinations were statistically evaluated in the group of 1050 patients with suspected Parkinson´s disease. SPECT examinations of patients with other neurological diseases were used as a control group. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on clinical examination is not always straightforward. An examination of the transport dopaminergic route by Ioflupane ( ¹²³ I) helps to refine the diagnosis. After statistical evaluation of these results authors believe that in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (or Parkinson's syndrome), SPECT brain imaging is of huge importance from a clinical, therapeutic and socioeconomic point of view. In Parkinson's disease, the functional state of the autonomic nervous system changes. Examination of the autonomic nervous system can help both in the differential diagnosis and in determining the degree of impairment.