Dr. Alessandro Sale completed his Ph.D in Neurobiology from the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa (Italy) and postdoctoral studies from the Scuola Normale and the Centre for the Biology of Memory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway). He currently holds a permanent position as Research Director at the Neuroscience Institute of CNR (National Research Council of Italy). His research activity is primarily focused on the influence of environmental stimulation on central nervous system development and plasticity, with particular emphasis on the effects elicited by paradigms of non invasive enriched experience on both the healthy and the pathological brain. Ongoing research is oriented towards the application of basic research findings to humans. Dr. Sale has published over 65 papers in reputed journals, among which Science, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Communications, Trends in Neurosciences and Physiological Reviews, and has been awarded several prices for his major research contributions.