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Negative emission technologies underpin socioeconomic scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement. Afforestation and bioenergy coupled with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage are the main land negative emission technologies proposed, but the range of nature-based solutions is wider. Here we explore soil amendment with powdered basalt in natural ecosystems. Basalt is an abundant rock resource, which reacts with CO2 and removes it from the atmosphere. Besides, basalt improves soil fertility and thereby potentially enhances ecosystem carbon storage, rendering a global CO2 removal of basalt substantially larger than previously suggested. As this is a fully developed technology that can be co-deployed in existing land systems, it is suited for rapid upscaling. Achieving sufficiently high net CO2 removal will require upscaling of basalt mining, deploying systems in remote areas with a low carbon footprint and using energy from low-carbon sources. We argue that basalt soil amendment should be considered a prominent option when assessing land management options for mitigating climate change, but yet unknown side-effects, as well as limited data on field-scale deployment, need to be addressed first. The enhanced CO2 uptake by vegetation in response to powdered rock should be considered in assessing the feasibility of enhanced weathering as a negative emission technology in mitigating climate change, suggest simulations of a land surface model.
Daniel S. Goll; Philippe Ciais; Thorben Amann; Wolfgang Buermann; Jinfeng Chang; Sibel Eker; Jens Hartmann; Ivan Janssens; Wei Li; Michael Obersteiner; Josep Penuelas; Katsumasa Tanaka; Sara Vicca. Potential CO2 removal from enhanced weathering by ecosystem responses to powdered rock. Nature Geoscience 2021, 14, 545 -549.
AMA StyleDaniel S. Goll, Philippe Ciais, Thorben Amann, Wolfgang Buermann, Jinfeng Chang, Sibel Eker, Jens Hartmann, Ivan Janssens, Wei Li, Michael Obersteiner, Josep Penuelas, Katsumasa Tanaka, Sara Vicca. Potential CO2 removal from enhanced weathering by ecosystem responses to powdered rock. Nature Geoscience. 2021; 14 (8):545-549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel S. Goll; Philippe Ciais; Thorben Amann; Wolfgang Buermann; Jinfeng Chang; Sibel Eker; Jens Hartmann; Ivan Janssens; Wei Li; Michael Obersteiner; Josep Penuelas; Katsumasa Tanaka; Sara Vicca. 2021. "Potential CO2 removal from enhanced weathering by ecosystem responses to powdered rock." Nature Geoscience 14, no. 8: 545-549.
In tropical regions, widespread loss of native forest and savanna vegetation is increasing extreme heat, particularly in agricultural regions. Using the case of rising extreme heat from lost forest and savanna vegetation in Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions, we modeled losses to soy production, the region’s principal economic activity. We assessed two types of extreme-heat regulation values: the value of avoided extreme-heat exposure of soy from the conservation of neighboring ecosystems and the value of lost revenue due to increased extreme heat exposure from increased ecosystem conversion. Our modeling combines empirical estimates of (1) the influence of ecosystem conversion on extreme heat over neighboring cropland, (2) the impacts of extreme heat on agricultural yields, and (3) native vegetation area, agricultural area, and crop prices. We examine lost soy value from land conversion over the period 1985 to 2012, potential losses from further conversion under plausible land and climate change scenarios (2020–2050), and the future value of conservation of the region’s remaining ecosystem area near soy. Soy revenue lost due to extreme heat from native vegetation loss (1985–2012) totaled 99 (2005USD) ha−1 for 2012-2013 growing season. By 2050, agricultural growth, ecosystem conversion, and climate change could boost extreme-heat regulation values by 25% to 95%. Future values were strongly sensitive to changes in agricultural density, rates of native vegetation loss, and climate. Extreme-heat regulation values were largest in the Cerrado biome and the southeastern Amazon. Relative to land values, the value of extreme heat regulation was largest relative to the carbon value of biomass in the Cerrado. By regulating the exposure of agriculture to extreme heat, ecosystem conservation can create considerable value for the soy sector.
Rafaela Flach; Gabriel Abrahão; Benjamin Bryant; Marluce Scarabello; Aline C. Soterroni; Fernando M. Ramos; Hugo Valin; Michael Obersteiner; Avery S. Cohn. Conserving the Cerrado and Amazon biomes of Brazil protects the soy economy from damaging warming. World Development 2021, 146, 105582 .
AMA StyleRafaela Flach, Gabriel Abrahão, Benjamin Bryant, Marluce Scarabello, Aline C. Soterroni, Fernando M. Ramos, Hugo Valin, Michael Obersteiner, Avery S. Cohn. Conserving the Cerrado and Amazon biomes of Brazil protects the soy economy from damaging warming. World Development. 2021; 146 ():105582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafaela Flach; Gabriel Abrahão; Benjamin Bryant; Marluce Scarabello; Aline C. Soterroni; Fernando M. Ramos; Hugo Valin; Michael Obersteiner; Avery S. Cohn. 2021. "Conserving the Cerrado and Amazon biomes of Brazil protects the soy economy from damaging warming." World Development 146, no. : 105582.
The remaining carbon budget for limiting global warming to 1.5°C will likely be exhausted within this decade1,2. Carbon debt3 generated thereafter will need to be compensated by net negative emissions4. However, economic policy instruments to guarantee potentially very costly net carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) have not yet been devised. Here, we propose intertemporal instruments to provide the basis for widely applied carbon taxes and emission trading systems to finance a net negative carbon economy5. We investigate an idealized market approach to incentivize repayment of previously accrued carbon debt by establishing emitters’ responsibility for net carbon removal through ‘Carbon Removal Obligations’ (CROs). Inherent risks, such as the default risk of carbon debtors, are addressed by pricing atmospheric CO2 storage through interest on carbon debt. In contrast to the prevailing literature on emission pathways, we find that interest payments for CROs induce substantially more ambitious near-term decarbonization complemented by earlier and less aggressive deployment of CDR. We conclude that CROs will need to become an integral part of the global climate policy mix if we are to ensure the viability of ambitious climate targets and an equitable distribution of mitigation efforts across generations.
Johannes Bednar; Michael Obersteiner; Artem Baklanov; Marcus Thomson; Fabian Wagner; Oliver Geden; Myles Allen; Jim W. Hall. Operationalizing the net-negative carbon economy. Nature 2021, 596, 377 -383.
AMA StyleJohannes Bednar, Michael Obersteiner, Artem Baklanov, Marcus Thomson, Fabian Wagner, Oliver Geden, Myles Allen, Jim W. Hall. Operationalizing the net-negative carbon economy. Nature. 2021; 596 (7872):377-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Bednar; Michael Obersteiner; Artem Baklanov; Marcus Thomson; Fabian Wagner; Oliver Geden; Myles Allen; Jim W. Hall. 2021. "Operationalizing the net-negative carbon economy." Nature 596, no. 7872: 377-383.
Scenario analysis has emerged as a key tool to analyze complex and uncertain future socio-ecological developments. However, currently existing global scenarios (narratives of how the world may develop) have neglected biological invasions, a major threat to biodiversity and the economy. Here, we use a novel participatory process to develop a diverse set of global biological invasion scenarios spanning a wide range of plausible global futures through to 2050. We adapted the widely used “two axes” scenario analysis approach to develop four families of four scenarios each, resulting in 16 scenarios that were later clustered into four contrasting sets of futures. Our analysis highlights that socioeconomic developments and technological innovation have the potential to shape biological invasions, in addition to well-known drivers, such as climate and human land use change and global trade. Our scenarios partially align with the shared socioeconomic pathways created by the climate change research community. Several factors that drive differences in biological invasions were underrepresented in the shared socioeconomic pathways; in particular, the implementation of biosecurity policies. We argue that including factors related to public environmental awareness and technological and trade development in global scenarios and models is essential to adequately consider biological invasions in global environmental assessments and thereby obtain a more integrative picture of future social–ecological developments.
Núria Roura-Pascual; Brian Leung; Wolfgang Rabitsch; Lucas Rutting; Joost Vervoort; Sven Bacher; Stefan Dullinger; Karl-Heinz Erb; Jonathan M. Jeschke; Stelios Katsanevakis; Ingolf Kühn; Bernd Lenzner; Andrew M. Liebhold; Michael Obersteiner; Anibal Pauchard; Garry D. Peterson; Helen E. Roy; Hanno Seebens; Marten Winter; Mark A. Burgman; Piero Genovesi; Philip E. Hulme; Reuben P. Keller; Guillaume Latombe; Melodie A. McGeoch; Gregory M. Ruiz; Riccardo Scalera; Michael R. Springborn; Betsy von Holle; Franz Essl. Alternative futures for global biological invasions. Sustainability Science 2021, 16, 1637 -1650.
AMA StyleNúria Roura-Pascual, Brian Leung, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Lucas Rutting, Joost Vervoort, Sven Bacher, Stefan Dullinger, Karl-Heinz Erb, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, Bernd Lenzner, Andrew M. Liebhold, Michael Obersteiner, Anibal Pauchard, Garry D. Peterson, Helen E. Roy, Hanno Seebens, Marten Winter, Mark A. Burgman, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Reuben P. Keller, Guillaume Latombe, Melodie A. McGeoch, Gregory M. Ruiz, Riccardo Scalera, Michael R. Springborn, Betsy von Holle, Franz Essl. Alternative futures for global biological invasions. Sustainability Science. 2021; 16 (5):1637-1650.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNúria Roura-Pascual; Brian Leung; Wolfgang Rabitsch; Lucas Rutting; Joost Vervoort; Sven Bacher; Stefan Dullinger; Karl-Heinz Erb; Jonathan M. Jeschke; Stelios Katsanevakis; Ingolf Kühn; Bernd Lenzner; Andrew M. Liebhold; Michael Obersteiner; Anibal Pauchard; Garry D. Peterson; Helen E. Roy; Hanno Seebens; Marten Winter; Mark A. Burgman; Piero Genovesi; Philip E. Hulme; Reuben P. Keller; Guillaume Latombe; Melodie A. McGeoch; Gregory M. Ruiz; Riccardo Scalera; Michael R. Springborn; Betsy von Holle; Franz Essl. 2021. "Alternative futures for global biological invasions." Sustainability Science 16, no. 5: 1637-1650.
Studies on ecological stoichiometry (ES) have increased rapidly in number in recent years. Continuous exploration of classical concepts such as the growth-rate hypothesis (GRH),), which is based on the relationship between the nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratio of organisms and their growth-rate capacity, has identified new patterns and uncertainties, particularly with regard to terrestrial plants and microbial systems. Another concept that has proven to be helpful is the Redfield ratio, which postulates a consistent carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) molar ratio of 100:16:1 in marine phytoplankton and open oceanic waters, and this ratio is related to the protein:rRNA ratio associated with protein synthesis. ES studies in all types of ecosystems have demonstrated that shifts in the elemental composition of water, soil, organisms, and communities are linked to the spatiotemporal structure and function of the ecosystem communities. The recent trend of also considering additional bio-elements such as potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), has improved our understanding of how resource availability in complex ecosystems affects basic organism functions such as growth, stress responses, and defensive mechanisms. The biogeochemical or bio-elemental niche hypothesis is a novel tool that uses the concentrations and ratios of several bio-elements to define species niches and to scale up processes at the community and ecosystem levels. Global environmental changes, such as an increase in atmospheric CO2, drought, N deposition, and species invasion, change the elemental composition of the growth media (soil and water), organisms, and ecosystems. For example, the growing imbalance between N and P that results from very large anthropogenic inputs of reactive N and smaller inputs of P into the biosphere is increasingly affecting the health of both ecosystems and humans. In this review, we summarise recent advances in ecological stoichiometry and identify key questions for future research on the impacts of ES on ecosystem function and structure due to global environmental change.
J. Sardans; Ivan A. Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Michael Obersteiner; J. Peñuelas. Recent advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2021, 50, 125611 .
AMA StyleJ. Sardans, Ivan A. Janssens, Philippe Ciais, Michael Obersteiner, J. Peñuelas. Recent advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 2021; 50 ():125611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Sardans; Ivan A. Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Michael Obersteiner; J. Peñuelas. 2021. "Recent advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 50, no. : 125611.
Meeting Brazil’s ambitious national commitments on both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation depends on securing its reserves of forest carbon and biodiversity. Brazil’s ‘Forest Code’ is a key tool to reconcile environmental preservation and agricultural production; it limits deforestation and requires forest restoration in illegally deforested areas. However, not all provisions of the law’s 2012 revision have yet been implemented and some are facing new challenges. Using modelled land use change projections for the whole of the country, we show that full implementation and enforcement of the law has the potential to contribute to conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity outcomes will be especially positive if (i) deforested areas are restored in ways that support recolonization by native species and (ii) additional measures are implemented to protect native vegetation in areas like Caatinga dry forests and Cerrado savannas, which may experience added pressure displaced from other regions by Forest Code implementation.
Rebecca Catherine Brock; Andy Arnell; Will Simonson; Aline C. Soterroni; Aline Mosnier; Fernando Ramos; Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho; Gilberto Camara; Johannes Pirker; Michael Obersteiner; Valerie Kapos. Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 2021, 30, 1621 -1635.
AMA StyleRebecca Catherine Brock, Andy Arnell, Will Simonson, Aline C. Soterroni, Aline Mosnier, Fernando Ramos, Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho, Gilberto Camara, Johannes Pirker, Michael Obersteiner, Valerie Kapos. Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2021; 30 (6):1621-1635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Catherine Brock; Andy Arnell; Will Simonson; Aline C. Soterroni; Aline Mosnier; Fernando Ramos; Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho; Gilberto Camara; Johannes Pirker; Michael Obersteiner; Valerie Kapos. 2021. "Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6: 1621-1635.
Part of ESA’s Digital Twin Earth Precursor projects, our project focuses on supporting ESA in the definition of the concept of a Digital Twin Earth, and establishing a solid scientific and technical basis to realise this. The project, run by CGI and in close collaboration with Oxford University Innovation, Trillium & IIASA, has a focus on developing a Food Systems Digital Twin, taking on board interdisciplinary systems through the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere systems. These in turn would allow for new interdisciplinary insights for policies dealing with climate, food production and sustainability. The project is looking at a use case with the prominent use of AI processing, challenges of model integration, ingestion of socio-economic as well as physical measurements, end-to-end chain providing decision support outputs, all with innovation at each stage, and working closely with a series of stakeholders.
The purpose of our use case is to demonstrate the value of the Digital Twin Earth concept to the scientific community, by integrating the outputs of novel algorithms. We will be using selected machine learning extreme precipitation models feeding Global Gridded Crop Models, and after a regional downscaling exercise, the integration into cropland land use and pricing. By taking these steps, the benefits include improvement in routine monitoring with regular seasonal progress, short term policy development including responses to crop shortages due to extremes, and aiding in long term policy development to apply appropriate incentives. The purpose of the architecture and integration within the preparation of the demonstration is to support the use case and draw conclusions for the roadmap. These developments will be based on stakeholder consultations and the drawing together of differing model elements.
This Digital Twin Earth is an exciting project bringing together EO experts, Earth System Scientists, industry, AI experts, modellers, ICT experts and user community. It aims to establish the initial building blocks of an ambitious initiative, and, based on the prototyping activities, to develop a scientific and technology roadmap for the future, addressing current limitations. It ties in closely to both the European Space Agency’s and European Commission’s plan to create a series of interdisciplinary Digital Twin Earths with associated boundary conditions, in order to offer services to public sector users for developing, monitoring and assessing the impact of proposed policy and legislative measures concerning the environment and climate.
Chandra Taposeea-Fisher; Alan Whitelaw; Jon Earl; Christopher Cullingworth; Simon Jackman; Michael Obersteiner; Duncan Watson-Parris; Yarin Gal; Nikolay Khabarov; Christian Folberth; Fernando Orduña-Cabrera; James Parr; Leonard Silverberg. ESA Digital Twin Earth Precursor: Food Systems. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleChandra Taposeea-Fisher, Alan Whitelaw, Jon Earl, Christopher Cullingworth, Simon Jackman, Michael Obersteiner, Duncan Watson-Parris, Yarin Gal, Nikolay Khabarov, Christian Folberth, Fernando Orduña-Cabrera, James Parr, Leonard Silverberg. ESA Digital Twin Earth Precursor: Food Systems. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChandra Taposeea-Fisher; Alan Whitelaw; Jon Earl; Christopher Cullingworth; Simon Jackman; Michael Obersteiner; Duncan Watson-Parris; Yarin Gal; Nikolay Khabarov; Christian Folberth; Fernando Orduña-Cabrera; James Parr; Leonard Silverberg. 2021. "ESA Digital Twin Earth Precursor: Food Systems." , no. : 1.
Critical imbalances and threshold exceedances can trigger a disruption in a network of interdependent systems. An insignificant-at-first-glance shock can induce systemic risks with cascading catastrophic impacts. Systemic risks challenge traditional risk assessment and management approaches. These risks are shaped by systemic interactions, risk exposures, and decisions of various agents. The paper discusses the need for the two-stage stochastic optimization (STO) approach that enables the design of a robust portfolio of precautionary strategic and operational adaptive decisions that makes the interdependent systems flexible and robust with respect to risks of all kinds. We established a connection between the robust quantile-based non-smooth estimation problem in statistics and the two-stage non-smooth STO problem of robust strategic–adaptive decision-making. The coexistence of complementary strategic and adaptive decisions induces systemic risk aversion in the form of Value-at-Risk (VaR) quantile-based risk constraints. The two-stage robust decision-making is implemented into a large-scale Global Biosphere Management (GLOBIOM) model, showing that robust management of systemic risks can be addressed by solving a system of probabilistic security equations. Selected numerical results emphasize that a robust combination of interdependent strategic and adaptive solutions presents qualitatively new policy recommendations, if compared to a traditional scenario-by-scenario decision-making analysis.
Tatiana Ermolieva; Petr Havlik; Yuri Ermoliev; Nikolay Khabarov; Michael Obersteiner. Robust Management of Systemic Risks and Food-Water-Energy-Environmental Security: Two-Stage Strategic-Adaptive GLOBIOM Model. Sustainability 2021, 13, 857 .
AMA StyleTatiana Ermolieva, Petr Havlik, Yuri Ermoliev, Nikolay Khabarov, Michael Obersteiner. Robust Management of Systemic Risks and Food-Water-Energy-Environmental Security: Two-Stage Strategic-Adaptive GLOBIOM Model. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Ermolieva; Petr Havlik; Yuri Ermoliev; Nikolay Khabarov; Michael Obersteiner. 2021. "Robust Management of Systemic Risks and Food-Water-Energy-Environmental Security: Two-Stage Strategic-Adaptive GLOBIOM Model." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 857.
Grasslands absorb and release carbon dioxide (CO2), emit methane (CH4) from grazing livestock, and emit nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. Little is known about how the fluxes of these three greenhouse gases, from managed and natural grasslands worldwide, have contributed to past climate change, or the roles of managed pastures versus natural grasslands. Here, global trends and regional patterns of the full greenhouse gas balance of grasslands are estimated for the period 1750 to 2012. A new spatially explicit land surface model is applied, to separate the direct effects of human activities from land management and the indirect effects from climate change, increasing CO2 and regional changes in nitrogen deposition. Direct human management activities are simulated to have caused grasslands to switch from a sink to a source of greenhouse gas, because of increased livestock numbers and accelerated conversion of natural lands to pasture. However, climate change drivers contributed a net carbon sink in soil organic matter, mainly from the increased productivity of grasslands due to increased CO2 and nitrogen deposition. The net radiative forcing of all grasslands is currently close to neutral, but has been increasing since the 1960s. Here, we show that the net global climate warming caused by managed grassland cancels the net climate cooling from carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. In the face of future climate change and increased demand for livestock products, these findings highlight the need to use sustainable management to preserve and enhance soil carbon storage in grasslands and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from managed grasslands.
Jinfeng Chang; Philippe Ciais; Thomas Gasser; Pete Smith; Mario Herrero; Petr Havlík; Michael Obersteiner; Bertrand Guenet; Daniel S. Goll; Wei Li; Victoria Naipal; Shushi Peng; Chunjing Qiu; Hanqin Tian; Nicolas Viovy; Chao Yue; Dan Zhu. Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJinfeng Chang, Philippe Ciais, Thomas Gasser, Pete Smith, Mario Herrero, Petr Havlík, Michael Obersteiner, Bertrand Guenet, Daniel S. Goll, Wei Li, Victoria Naipal, Shushi Peng, Chunjing Qiu, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Viovy, Chao Yue, Dan Zhu. Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinfeng Chang; Philippe Ciais; Thomas Gasser; Pete Smith; Mario Herrero; Petr Havlík; Michael Obersteiner; Bertrand Guenet; Daniel S. Goll; Wei Li; Victoria Naipal; Shushi Peng; Chunjing Qiu; Hanqin Tian; Nicolas Viovy; Chao Yue; Dan Zhu. 2021. "Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-10.
The possibility of using the elemental compositions of species as a tool to identify species/genotype niche remains to be tested at a global scale. We investigated relationships between the foliar elemental compositions (elementomes) of trees at a global scale with phylogeny, climate, N deposition and soil traits. We analysed foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S concentrations in 23,962 trees of 227 species. Shared ancestry explained 60–94% of the total variance in foliar nutrient concentrations and ratios whereas current climate, atmospheric N deposition and soil type together explained 1–7%, consistent with the biogeochemical niche hypothesis which predicts that each species will have a specific need for and use of each bio-element. The remaining variance was explained by the avoidance of nutritional competition with other species and natural variability within species. The biogeochemical niche hypothesis is thus able to quantify species-specific tree niches and their shifts in response to environmental changes. Based on a global-scale analysis of the leaf elemental composition of tree species, the authors show that shared ancestry is the major factor shaping plant elementomes, thus providing large-scale empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis.
Jordi Sardans; Helena Vallicrosa; Paolo Zuccarini; Gerard Farré-Armengol; Marcos Fernández-Martínez; Guille Peguero; Albert Gargallo-Garriga; Philippe Ciais; Ivan A. Janssens; Michael Obersteiner; Andreas Richter; Josep Peñuelas. Empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis in forest trees. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2021, 5, 184 -194.
AMA StyleJordi Sardans, Helena Vallicrosa, Paolo Zuccarini, Gerard Farré-Armengol, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Guille Peguero, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Philippe Ciais, Ivan A. Janssens, Michael Obersteiner, Andreas Richter, Josep Peñuelas. Empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis in forest trees. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2021; 5 (2):184-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Sardans; Helena Vallicrosa; Paolo Zuccarini; Gerard Farré-Armengol; Marcos Fernández-Martínez; Guille Peguero; Albert Gargallo-Garriga; Philippe Ciais; Ivan A. Janssens; Michael Obersteiner; Andreas Richter; Josep Peñuelas. 2021. "Empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis in forest trees." Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 2: 184-194.
In recent years, the crop growth modeling community invested immense effort into high resolution global simulations estimating inter alia the impacts of projected climate change. The demand for computing resources in this context is high and expressed in processor core-years per one global simulation, implying several crops, management systems, and a several decades time span for a single climatic scenario. The anticipated need to model a richer set of alternative management options and crop varieties would increase the processing capacity requirements even more, raising the looming issue of computational efficiency. While several publications report on the successful application of the original field-scale crop growth model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) for running on modern supercomputers, the related performance improvement issues and, especially, associated trade-offs have only received, so far, limited coverage. This paper provides a comprehensive view on the principles of the EPIC setup for parallel computations and, for the first time, on those specific to heterogeneous compute clusters that are comprised of desktop computers utilizing their idle time to carry out massive computations. The suggested modification of the core EPIC model allows for a dramatic performance increase (order of magnitude) on a compute cluster that is powered by the open-source high-throughput computing software framework HTCondor.
Nikolay Khabarov; Alexey Smirnov; Juraj Balkovič; Rastislav Skalský; Christian Folberth; Marijn Van Der Velde; Michael Obersteiner. Heterogeneous Compute Clusters and Massive Environmental Simulations Based on the EPIC Model. Modelling 2020, 1, 215 -224.
AMA StyleNikolay Khabarov, Alexey Smirnov, Juraj Balkovič, Rastislav Skalský, Christian Folberth, Marijn Van Der Velde, Michael Obersteiner. Heterogeneous Compute Clusters and Massive Environmental Simulations Based on the EPIC Model. Modelling. 2020; 1 (2):215-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolay Khabarov; Alexey Smirnov; Juraj Balkovič; Rastislav Skalský; Christian Folberth; Marijn Van Der Velde; Michael Obersteiner. 2020. "Heterogeneous Compute Clusters and Massive Environmental Simulations Based on the EPIC Model." Modelling 1, no. 2: 215-224.
Biodiversity is essential for the maintenance of ecosystem health and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the drivers of biodiversity loss and the spatial variation in their impacts are poorly understood. Here, we explore the spatial-temporal distributions of threatened and declining (“biodiversity-loss”) species and find that these species are affected by multiple stressors, with climate and human activities being the fundamental shaping forces. There has been large spatial variation in the distribution of threatened species over China’s provinces, with the biodiversity of Gansu, Guangdong, Hainan, and Shaanxi provinces severely reduced. With increasing urbanization and industrialization, the expansion of construction and worsening pollution has led to habitat retreat or degradation, and high proportions of amphibians, mammals, and reptiles are threatened. Because distributions of species and stressors vary widely across different climate zones and geographical areas, specific policies and measures are needed for preventing biodiversity loss in different regions.
Yonglong Lu; Yifu Yang; Bin Sun; Jingjing Yuan; MinZhao Yu; Nils Chr. Stenseth; James M. Bullock; Michael Obersteiner. Spatial variation in biodiversity loss across China under multiple environmental stressors. Science Advances 2020, 6, eabd0952 .
AMA StyleYonglong Lu, Yifu Yang, Bin Sun, Jingjing Yuan, MinZhao Yu, Nils Chr. Stenseth, James M. Bullock, Michael Obersteiner. Spatial variation in biodiversity loss across China under multiple environmental stressors. Science Advances. 2020; 6 (47):eabd0952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYonglong Lu; Yifu Yang; Bin Sun; Jingjing Yuan; MinZhao Yu; Nils Chr. Stenseth; James M. Bullock; Michael Obersteiner. 2020. "Spatial variation in biodiversity loss across China under multiple environmental stressors." Science Advances 6, no. 47: eabd0952.
Traditional agricultural extension services rely on extension workers, especially in countries with large agricultural areas. In order to increase adoption of sustainable agriculture, the recommendations given by such services must be adapted to local conditions and be provided in a timely manner. The AgroTutor mobile application was built to provide highly specific and timely agricultural recommendations to farmers across Mexico and complement the work of extension agents. At the same time, AgroTutor provides direct contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, either by advancing their implementation or providing local data systems to measure and monitor specific indicators such as the proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture. The application is freely available and allows farmers to geo-locate and register plots and the crops grown there, using the phone’s built-in GPS, or alternatively, on top of very high-resolution imagery. Once a crop and some basic data such as planting date and cultivar type have been registered, the application provides targeted information such as weather, potential and historical yield, financial benchmarking information, data-driven recommendations, and commodity price forecasts. Farmers are also encouraged to contribute in-situ information, e.g., soils, management, and yield data. The information can then be used by crop models, which, in turn, send tailored results back to the farmers. Initial feedback from farmers and extension agents has already improved some of the application’s characteristics. More enhancements are planned for inclusion in the future to increase the application’s function as a decision support tool.
Juan Laso Bayas; Andrea Gardeazabal; Mathias Karner; Christian Folberth; Luis Vargas; Rastislav Skalský; Juraj Balkovič; Anto Subash; Moemen Saad; Sylvain Delerce; Jesús Crespo Cuaresma; Jaroslava Hlouskova; Janet Molina-Maturano; Linda See; Steffen Fritz; Michael Obersteiner; Bram Govaerts. AgroTutor: A Mobile Phone Application Supporting Sustainable Agricultural Intensification. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9309 .
AMA StyleJuan Laso Bayas, Andrea Gardeazabal, Mathias Karner, Christian Folberth, Luis Vargas, Rastislav Skalský, Juraj Balkovič, Anto Subash, Moemen Saad, Sylvain Delerce, Jesús Crespo Cuaresma, Jaroslava Hlouskova, Janet Molina-Maturano, Linda See, Steffen Fritz, Michael Obersteiner, Bram Govaerts. AgroTutor: A Mobile Phone Application Supporting Sustainable Agricultural Intensification. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Laso Bayas; Andrea Gardeazabal; Mathias Karner; Christian Folberth; Luis Vargas; Rastislav Skalský; Juraj Balkovič; Anto Subash; Moemen Saad; Sylvain Delerce; Jesús Crespo Cuaresma; Jaroslava Hlouskova; Janet Molina-Maturano; Linda See; Steffen Fritz; Michael Obersteiner; Bram Govaerts. 2020. "AgroTutor: A Mobile Phone Application Supporting Sustainable Agricultural Intensification." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9309.
Fertilisation of cereal crops with nitrogen (N) has increased in the last five decades. In particular, the fertilisation of wheat crops increased by nearly one order of magnitude from 1961 to 2010, from 9.84 to 93.8 kg N ha−1 y−1. We hypothesized that this intensification of N fertilisation would increase the content of allergenic proteins in wheat which could likely be associated with the increased pathology of coeliac disease in human populations. An increase in the per capita intake of gliadin proteins, the group of gluten proteins principally responsible for the development of coeliac disease, would be the responsible factor. We conducted a global meta-analysis of available reports that supported our hypothesis: wheat plants growing in soils receiving higher doses of N fertilizer have higher total gluten, total gliadin, α/β-gliadin, γ-gliadin and ω-gliadin contents and higher gliadin transcription in their grain. We thereafter calculated the per capita annual average intake of gliadins from wheat and derived foods and found that it increased from 1961 to 2010 from approximately 2.4 to 3.8 kg y−1 per capita (+1.4 ± 0.18 kg y−1 per capita, mean ± SE), i.e., increased by 58 ± 7.5%. Finally, we found that this increase was positively correlated with the increase in the rates of coeliac disease in all the available studies with temporal series of coeliac disease. The impacts and damage of over-fertilisation have been observed at an environmental scale (e.g., eutrophication and acid rain), but a potential direct effect of over-fertilisation is thus also possible on human health (coeliac disease).
Josep Penuelas; Albert Gargallo-Garriga; Ivan Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Michael Obersteiner; Karel Klem; Otmar Urban; Yong-Guan Zhu; Jordi Sardans. Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology? Foods 2020, 9, 1602 .
AMA StyleJosep Penuelas, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Ivan Janssens, Philippe Ciais, Michael Obersteiner, Karel Klem, Otmar Urban, Yong-Guan Zhu, Jordi Sardans. Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology? Foods. 2020; 9 (11):1602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep Penuelas; Albert Gargallo-Garriga; Ivan Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Michael Obersteiner; Karel Klem; Otmar Urban; Yong-Guan Zhu; Jordi Sardans. 2020. "Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology?" Foods 9, no. 11: 1602.
Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as being central to conserving biodiversity1 and stabilizing the climate of the Earth2. Although ambitious national and global targets have been set, global priority areas that account for spatial variation in benefits and costs have yet to be identified. Here we develop and apply a multicriteria optimization approach that identifies priority areas for restoration across all terrestrial biomes, and estimates their benefits and costs. We find that restoring 15% of converted lands in priority areas could avoid 60% of expected extinctions while sequestering 299 gigatonnes of CO2-30% of the total CO2 increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. The inclusion of several biomes is key to achieving multiple benefits. Cost effectiveness can increase up to 13-fold when spatial allocation is optimized using our multicriteria approach, which highlights the importance of spatial planning. Our results confirm the vast potential contributions of restoration to addressing global challenges, while underscoring the necessity of pursuing these goals synergistically.
Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; Alvaro Iribarrem; Hawthorne L. Beyer; Carlos Leandro Cordeiro; Renato Crouzeilles; Catarina C. Jakovac; André Braga Junqueira; Eduardo Lacerda; Agnieszka E. Latawiec; Andrew Balmford; Thomas M. Brooks; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Robin L. Chazdon; Karl-Heinz Erb; Pedro Brancalion; Graeme Buchanan; David Cooper; Sandra Díaz; Paul F. Donald; Valerie Kapos; David Leclère; Lera Miles; Michael Obersteiner; Christoph Plutzar; Carlos Alberto De M. Scaramuzza; Fabio R. Scarano; Piero Visconti. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration. Nature 2020, 586, 724 -729.
AMA StyleBernardo B. N. Strassburg, Alvaro Iribarrem, Hawthorne L. Beyer, Carlos Leandro Cordeiro, Renato Crouzeilles, Catarina C. Jakovac, André Braga Junqueira, Eduardo Lacerda, Agnieszka E. Latawiec, Andrew Balmford, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Robin L. Chazdon, Karl-Heinz Erb, Pedro Brancalion, Graeme Buchanan, David Cooper, Sandra Díaz, Paul F. Donald, Valerie Kapos, David Leclère, Lera Miles, Michael Obersteiner, Christoph Plutzar, Carlos Alberto De M. Scaramuzza, Fabio R. Scarano, Piero Visconti. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration. Nature. 2020; 586 (7831):724-729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardo B. N. Strassburg; Alvaro Iribarrem; Hawthorne L. Beyer; Carlos Leandro Cordeiro; Renato Crouzeilles; Catarina C. Jakovac; André Braga Junqueira; Eduardo Lacerda; Agnieszka E. Latawiec; Andrew Balmford; Thomas M. Brooks; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Robin L. Chazdon; Karl-Heinz Erb; Pedro Brancalion; Graeme Buchanan; David Cooper; Sandra Díaz; Paul F. Donald; Valerie Kapos; David Leclère; Lera Miles; Michael Obersteiner; Christoph Plutzar; Carlos Alberto De M. Scaramuzza; Fabio R. Scarano; Piero Visconti. 2020. "Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration." Nature 586, no. 7831: 724-729.
Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.
Josep Penuelas; Tamás Krisztin; Michael Obersteiner; Florian Huber; Hannes Winner; Ivan A. Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Jordi Sardans. Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7240 .
AMA StyleJosep Penuelas, Tamás Krisztin, Michael Obersteiner, Florian Huber, Hannes Winner, Ivan A. Janssens, Philippe Ciais, Jordi Sardans. Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep Penuelas; Tamás Krisztin; Michael Obersteiner; Florian Huber; Hannes Winner; Ivan A. Janssens; Philippe Ciais; Jordi Sardans. 2020. "Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7240.
Increased efforts are required to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides1,2. Ambitious targets have been proposed, such as reversing the declining trends in biodiversity3; however, just feeding the growing human population will make this a challenge4. Here we use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether—and how—humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity5. We show that immediate efforts, consistent with the broader sustainability agenda but of unprecedented ambition and coordination, could enable the provision of food for the growing human population while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion. If we decide to increase the extent of land under conservation management, restore degraded land and generalize landscape-level conservation planning, biodiversity trends from habitat conversion could become positive by the mid-twenty-first century on average across models (confidence interval, 2042–2061), but this was not the case for all models. Food prices could increase and, on average across models, almost half (confidence interval, 34–50%) of the future biodiversity losses could not be avoided. However, additionally tackling the drivers of land-use change could avoid conflict with affordable food provision and reduces the environmental effects of the food-provision system. Through further sustainable intensification and trade, reduced food waste and more plant-based human diets, more than two thirds of future biodiversity losses are avoided and the biodiversity trends from habitat conversion are reversed by 2050 for almost all of the models. Although limiting further loss will remain challenging in several biodiversity-rich regions, and other threats—such as climate change—must be addressed to truly reverse the declines in biodiversity, our results show that ambitious conservation efforts and food system transformation are central to an effective post-2020 biodiversity strategy. To promote the recovery of the currently declining global trends in terrestrial biodiversity, increases in both the extent of land under conservation management and the sustainability of the global food system from farm to fork are required.
David Leclère; Michael Obersteiner; Mike Barrett; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Abhishek Chaudhary; Adriana De Palma; Fabrice A. J. DeClerck; Moreno Di Marco; Jonathan C. Doelman; Martina Dürauer; Robin Freeman; Michael Harfoot; Tomoko Hasegawa; Stefanie Hellweg; Jelle P. Hilbers; Samantha L. L. Hill; Florian Humpenöder; Nancy Jennings; Tamás Krisztin; Georgina M. Mace; Haruka Ohashi; Alexander Popp; Andy Purvis; Aafke M. Schipper; Andrzej Tabeau; Hugo Valin; Hans van Meijl; Willem-Jan van Zeist; Piero Visconti; Rob Alkemade; Rosamunde Almond; Gill Bunting; Neil D. Burgess; Sarah E. Cornell; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Simon Ferrier; Steffen Fritz; Shinichiro Fujimori; Monique Grooten; Thomas Harwood; Petr Havlík; Mario Herrero; Andrew J. Hoskins; Martin Jung; Tom Kram; Hermann Lotze-Campen; Tetsuya Matsui; Carsten Meyer; Deon Nel; Tim Newbold; Guido Schmidt-Traub; Elke Stehfest; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; Detlef P. Van Vuuren; Chris Ware; James E. M. Watson; Wenchao Wu; Lucy Young. Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy. Nature 2020, 1 -6.
AMA StyleDavid Leclère, Michael Obersteiner, Mike Barrett, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Abhishek Chaudhary, Adriana De Palma, Fabrice A. J. DeClerck, Moreno Di Marco, Jonathan C. Doelman, Martina Dürauer, Robin Freeman, Michael Harfoot, Tomoko Hasegawa, Stefanie Hellweg, Jelle P. Hilbers, Samantha L. L. Hill, Florian Humpenöder, Nancy Jennings, Tamás Krisztin, Georgina M. Mace, Haruka Ohashi, Alexander Popp, Andy Purvis, Aafke M. Schipper, Andrzej Tabeau, Hugo Valin, Hans van Meijl, Willem-Jan van Zeist, Piero Visconti, Rob Alkemade, Rosamunde Almond, Gill Bunting, Neil D. Burgess, Sarah E. Cornell, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Simon Ferrier, Steffen Fritz, Shinichiro Fujimori, Monique Grooten, Thomas Harwood, Petr Havlík, Mario Herrero, Andrew J. Hoskins, Martin Jung, Tom Kram, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Tetsuya Matsui, Carsten Meyer, Deon Nel, Tim Newbold, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Elke Stehfest, Bernardo B. N. Strassburg, Detlef P. Van Vuuren, Chris Ware, James E. M. Watson, Wenchao Wu, Lucy Young. Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy. Nature. 2020; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Leclère; Michael Obersteiner; Mike Barrett; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Abhishek Chaudhary; Adriana De Palma; Fabrice A. J. DeClerck; Moreno Di Marco; Jonathan C. Doelman; Martina Dürauer; Robin Freeman; Michael Harfoot; Tomoko Hasegawa; Stefanie Hellweg; Jelle P. Hilbers; Samantha L. L. Hill; Florian Humpenöder; Nancy Jennings; Tamás Krisztin; Georgina M. Mace; Haruka Ohashi; Alexander Popp; Andy Purvis; Aafke M. Schipper; Andrzej Tabeau; Hugo Valin; Hans van Meijl; Willem-Jan van Zeist; Piero Visconti; Rob Alkemade; Rosamunde Almond; Gill Bunting; Neil D. Burgess; Sarah E. Cornell; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Simon Ferrier; Steffen Fritz; Shinichiro Fujimori; Monique Grooten; Thomas Harwood; Petr Havlík; Mario Herrero; Andrew J. Hoskins; Martin Jung; Tom Kram; Hermann Lotze-Campen; Tetsuya Matsui; Carsten Meyer; Deon Nel; Tim Newbold; Guido Schmidt-Traub; Elke Stehfest; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; Detlef P. Van Vuuren; Chris Ware; James E. M. Watson; Wenchao Wu; Lucy Young. 2020. "Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy." Nature , no. : 1-6.
Regional monitoring, reporting and verification of soil organic carbon change occurring in managed cropland are indispensable to support carbon-related policies. Rapidly evolving gridded agronomic models can facilitate these efforts throughout Europe. However, their performance in modelling soil carbon dynamics at regional scale is yet unexplored. Importantly, as such models are often driven by large-scale inputs, they need to be benchmarked against field experiments. We elucidate the level of detail that needs to be incorporated in gridded models to robustly estimate regional soil carbon dynamics in managed cropland, testing the approach for regions in the Czech Republic. We first calibrated the biogeochemical Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model against long-term experiments. Subsequently, we examined the EPIC model within a top-down gridded modelling framework constructed for European agricultural soils from Europe-wide datasets and regional land-use statistics. We explored the top-down, as opposed to a bottom-up, modelling approach for reporting agronomically relevant and verifiable soil carbon dynamics. In comparison with a no-input baseline, the regional EPIC model suggested soil carbon changes (~0.1–0.5 Mg C ha−1 y−1) consistent with empirical-based studies for all studied agricultural practices. However, inaccurate soil information, crop management inputs, or inappropriate model calibration may undermine regional modelling of cropland management effect on carbon since each of the three components carry uncertainty (~0.5–1.5 Mg C ha−1 y−1) that is substantially larger than the actual effect of agricultural practices relative to the no-input baseline. Besides, inaccurate soil data obtained from the background datasets biased the simulated carbon trends compared to observations, thus hampering the model's verifiability at the locations of field experiments. Encouragingly, the top-down agricultural management derived from regional land-use statistics proved suitable for the estimation of soil carbon dynamics consistently with actual field practices. Despite sensitivity to biophysical parameters, we found a robust scalability of the soil organic carbon routine for various climatic regions and soil types represented in the Czech experiments. The model performed better than the tier 1 methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which indicates a great potential for improved carbon change modelling over larger political regions.
Juraj Balkovič; Mikuláš Madaras; Rastislav Skalský; Christian Folberth; Michaela Smatanová; Erwin Schmid; Marijn van der Velde; Florian Kraxner; Michael Obersteiner. Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 274, 111206 .
AMA StyleJuraj Balkovič, Mikuláš Madaras, Rastislav Skalský, Christian Folberth, Michaela Smatanová, Erwin Schmid, Marijn van der Velde, Florian Kraxner, Michael Obersteiner. Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 274 ():111206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuraj Balkovič; Mikuláš Madaras; Rastislav Skalský; Christian Folberth; Michaela Smatanová; Erwin Schmid; Marijn van der Velde; Florian Kraxner; Michael Obersteiner. 2020. "Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic." Journal of Environmental Management 274, no. : 111206.
Betz Regina; Stephan Gunter; Alison Anderson; Andrea Baranzini; Michael Obersteiner; Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain; Pascal Sieber; Helga Weisz; Roberto Zoboli. Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73. Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleBetz Regina, Stephan Gunter, Alison Anderson, Andrea Baranzini, Michael Obersteiner, Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain, Pascal Sieber, Helga Weisz, Roberto Zoboli. Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73. Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBetz Regina; Stephan Gunter; Alison Anderson; Andrea Baranzini; Michael Obersteiner; Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain; Pascal Sieber; Helga Weisz; Roberto Zoboli. 2020. "Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73." Aperçu de l’état de la recherche menée dans le cadre du PNR 73 , no. : 1.
Betz Regina; Stephan Gunter; Alison Anderson; Andrea Baranzini; Michael Obersteiner; Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain; Pascal Sieber; Helga Weisz; Roberto Zoboli. Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73. Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleBetz Regina, Stephan Gunter, Alison Anderson, Andrea Baranzini, Michael Obersteiner, Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain, Pascal Sieber, Helga Weisz, Roberto Zoboli. Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73. Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBetz Regina; Stephan Gunter; Alison Anderson; Andrea Baranzini; Michael Obersteiner; Anne Petitpierre-Sauvain; Pascal Sieber; Helga Weisz; Roberto Zoboli. 2020. "Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73." Overview of the State of Research in NRP 73 , no. : 1.