Understanding employees’ feelings at work plays a significant role in developing practical and effective organizational and human resource management policies and practices. Furthermore, work-related emotions may have a considerable effect on workers’ health and wellbeing and affect work effectiveness and work performance. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationships among four work-related (WOR) affective feelings (WORAF) and to validate the WORAF questionnaire in a Turkish sample. A survey was performed including four constructs: (1) WOR feelings of happiness, (2) WOR feelings of anxiety, (3) WOR feelings of anger, and (4) WOR feelings of dejection. A total of 322 workers from various companies in Turkey completed a paper-based survey. A research model was developed, and its main components were estimated with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that dejection and anger at work play a critical role in experienced anxiety in occupational settings. Similarly, dejection, anger, and anxiety at work play a crucial role in perceived happiness at work.

THE ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN RELATION TO WORK ENGAGEMENT IN POLISH SAMPLE OF EMPLOYEES – INITIAL STUDY

Feelings significantly affect organizations in a variety of circumstances and areas. Many major events that affect people and organizations cannot be discussed without an understanding of the essential roles of feelings. In addition, work-related feelings can substantially affect employees’ health, well-being, productivity, and performance. The purposes of this research were (1) to validate the work-related affective feelings (WORAF) questionnaire in Arabic respondents, (2) to examine the relationships among four WORAF: happiness, anxiety, anger, and dejection, and (3) to compare the model results with those in Turkish respondents participating in a previous study. A survey with the following four components was conducted: (1) work-related feelings of happiness, (2) work-related feelings of anxiety, (3) work-related feelings of anger, and (4) work-related feelings of dejection. A paper-based survey was completed by 332 workers from various companies in Saudi Arabia. The key components of the research model were developed with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). According to the findings, workplace dejection and anger considerably affected workplace anxiety. Similarly, work-related dejection, anger, and anxiety significantly affected perceived happiness. A comparison indicated similar results between Arabic and Turkish respondents.

The main purpose of the study was to analyse the relationship between workaholism and work engagement which, in the light of current research, constitute two separate constructs, although they are in some way related to each other. In addition, their relationship with demographic data, such as, age, gender, type of position was examined. The cross-sectional study, with the use of questionnaire methods (the Polish version of UWES and DUWAS), included in its scope 967 economically active people from Polish organizations, representing various professions. The analysis of relationships (with the use of the method of structural equation modelling) of workaholism and work engagement showed – in spite of weak association through absorption – the separate nature of the constructs studied. Regarding the relationship with demographic factors, women obtained higher scores in all dimensions of workaholism and work engagement; older workers showed greater engagement and ­greater compulsion to work than younger workers; managers, when compared with non-managers, are characterized by a higher level of excessive work. The results showed that workaholism and work engagement are two distinct phenomena, although they are related to each other to a little extent. The obtained differences in the examined constructs in terms of demographic factors provide a starting point for further research and analysis of their specific characteristics and causes.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to test hypotheses regarding differences in work-related feelings (ie, dejection, anxiety, anger, and happiness) and behaviors (aggressive, avoidance-passive, and proactive) between males and females, managers and non-managers, and male and female managers. Methods: This survey-based study included a total of 3019 respondents, consisting of 502 managers and 2517 employees working in non-managerial positions. Data were collected using two questionnaires developed by the authors: the scale of work-related affective feelings (WORAF) and the scale of work-related behaviors (WORAB). Results: The results revealed significant differences between managers and non-managers, with managers being happier in their jobs and exhibiting more proactive behaviors. However, there were no differences in work-related feelings or work-related behaviors between males and females in the total sample of respondents or in the group of employees holding managerial positions. Conclusion: In terms of work-related feelings and behaviors, there are no sex differences among working people. However, some differences between managers and non-managers were observed.