The increasing global emphasis on sustainability necessitates the integration of environmentally responsible practices within supply chains. This study explores the impact of green supply chain management practices (GSCMPs) on firm sustainable performance in Pakistan’s manufacturing and service industries. Unlike prior research, which primarily focuses on the direct impact of GSCMPs, this study advances knowledge by incorporating green technological innovation (GTI) and green managerial innovation (GMI) as mediators and green organizational culture (GOC) as a moderator. The study looks at survey data from 480 industry professionals and uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA). It discovers that GSCMPs greatly enhance sustainability outcomes, especially when green innovations are used. Furthermore, the impact of GSCMPs is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector, emphasizing the role of regulatory pressures and technological advancements. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by integrating post-pandemic sustainability challenges, highlighting industry-specific dynamics, and providing actionable strategies to enhance green supply chain adoption in emerging markets. The study provides applicable strategies for managers and policymakers to embed sustainability deeper into corporate strategies, ensuring resilience and competitive advantages in evolving global markets.

In the ever-changing environment, companies are often required to adopt improvised responses to certain unpredicted events and sometimes need to improvise strategically to sustain or thrive. However, the mechanism between strategic improvisation and competitive advantage is understudied. In this study, we try to unveil the mechanism by proposing a moderated mediation model investigating the relationships among strategic improvisation, organizational memory, organizational identity strength, and competitive advantage. Using survey data collected among top managers and members of funding teams in Jiangsu Province, China, we find that strategic improvisation is positively related to competitive advantage, and most importantly, this relationship is partially mediated by organizational memory. However, the moderating effect of organizational identity strength on the relationship between strategic improvisation and organizational memory is not proven. We contribute to the existing literature by making up for the deficiency of the traditional resource-based view to some extent, enhancing the understanding of strategic improvisation, and contributing to achieving sustainable development goals 8 and 12. We also offer some practical suggestions to top managers in terms of cultivating improvising learning as well.

As sustainable development strategies keep advancing and the external environment remains unstable, green innovation resilience has become a critical capability for enterprises to cope with uncertainty and achieve low-carbon transformation. This study uses panel data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2023 to explore how executive environmental attention drives firms’ green innovation resilience. Based on the attention-based view, this study explores the direct effect of executive environmental attention and the moderating role of environmental regulation and corporate social responsibility. The results show that executive environmental attention is significantly positively correlated with green innovation resilience. In addition, environmental regulation and corporate social responsibility both strengthen the positive effects of executives’ environmental attention and green innovation resilience, and this impact is mainly reflected in high-tech industries. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the promoting effect of executives’ environmental attention on green innovation resilience is more significant in large-scale, high industry competition and manufacturing enterprises. By adopting a micro-level perspective, this study deepens our understanding of the cognitive basis for firms’ green sustainable development in an uncertain environment. It also provides theoretical evidence and practical implications for enterprises to enhance green innovation resilience by strengthening executive environmental cognition and improving internal and external governance mechanisms.

The property right of small water conservancy projects (hereinafter referred to as SWCP) currently can be defined as three different forms: public property rights, private property rights, and a combination of public and private property rights. The main participants are the government, farmers, and other organizations. The interests and demands of different subjects are different, so the property rights structure of the SWCPs are also different. In order to explore the evolutionary law of the property right structure of SWCPs in the case of conflicting demands of multiple stakeholders, a game model for the evolutionary law of each main body of SWCPs was proposed in this paper. By analyzing the feasibility of the game of multi-stakeholder appeal conflicts, a multi-stakeholder game model was established. The game and evolution of each stakeholder were analyzed, and the evolution of the property rights of SWCPs under the game of each subject was simulated and analyzed. The research results show that if the incentives and constraints of cooperation between farmers and cooperatives, associations and other organizations are greater than the cost of cooperation, farmers will participate in the cooperation and invest in elements actively, thus promoting the integration of elements, thereby contributing resource complementarity among participants and leaving more cooperation surplus. If the benefits of cooperation between the government and farmer organizations plus the total benefits of the incentive and restraint mechanism are greater than the total cost of active cooperation, furthermore, the incremental benefits of the incentive and restraint mechanism are not lower than the incremental costs of participating in the cooperative, then, farmer organizations are easier to get succeed. The research results have certain reference significance for the option of the property rights and management modes of SWCPs.

The phenomenon of digitalization and servitization paradoxes constrains the motivation of manufacturing firms to implement both strategies above. It has been shown that the role of digitalization in the link between servitization and firm performance in manufacturing firms has not yet been unanimously concluded. In this study, based on the theories of digitalization, dynamic capability, and the knowledge base view, we propose a research model to investigate the relationship between servitization, digital capabilities, and firm performance of manufacturing firms, conducting an empirical study based on questionnaire data from 435 manufacturing firms in China. The empirical results show that the three sub-dimensions of servitization of manufacturing firms have a significant positive impact on both financial and non-financial performance of firms. Meanwhile, digital capabilities act as a mediator between the three sub-dimensions of manufacturing servitization and firm performance (financial and non-financial). These results provide empirical evidence that manufacturing firms must emphasize knowledge-based digital capability development in current servitization and digitalization initiatives. Simultaneously, the study further addresses contradictions in the conclusions of existing studies on the interrelationships between servitization, digitalization, and firm performance.