Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia involving bone and soft tissue that produces paraneoplastic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. The common physiologic defect in this conditions involves an impairment in renal tubular phosphate reabsorption with a downregulation of renal 1α-hydroxylase activity, while calcium metabolism remains essentially unaffected. Microscopic features consist of spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells and calcifications embedded in a chondromyxoid matrix with variable cellularity and prominent vascularity. Approximately 95% of PMTs involve the extremities and appendicular skeleton, with only 5% occurring in the head and neck region. Localization in the head and neck is pretty uncommon, nose and paranasal sinuses are preferentially affected. Due to its rarity, the purpose of the study was to report a new case of PMT whose locations in temporomandibular joint was never reported in literature.

What is considered attractive may not fall into the “norm,” and it can vary from culture to culture and depending on the historical time, for this reason the standard cephalometric and antropometric references may not be sufficient in these cases. Lately some techniques have arose to popularity that are aimed to changing the frontal and lateral aspect of the facial lower third, such as V-line or the Chin-Wing Osteotomy technique, but no reference system exists at the moment to define to which extent a modification of the lower third falls within what is considered beautiful, and everything is left to the patient's will or to the surgeon's sensitivity. The aim of this article is to study which antropometric value is considered attractive by the most for what concerns the frontal shape of the lower third of the face. Twenty-four female models were enrolled in this study and the angle taken into consideration was the one at the intersection between the 2 lines connecting the cutaneous gonial angle of each side of the face and the most external part of the chin on the same side. Measures were made on pictures in frontal view. Two hundred two random examiners were asked to see the pictures and rate them as attractive or nonattractive. Results were then paired with the angles values. Among the models the higher angle measured was 107.5° (found in 1 individual) while the lower angle was 76° (found in 1 individual), the average measure calculated was 88.3° while the median angle was 89.5°. According to the result the subjects considered more attractive were those with an angle between 84.5 and 91.5 (92 for male examiners). This could be an important starting point for studies who can evaluate attractiveness from a numerical point of view.

Background: In 1992, Pribaz described the facial artery musculomucosal flap (FAMM), an axial musculomucosal flap based on the facial artery. The FAMM flap, a modification of the nasolabial and buccal mucosal flaps, is widely used in the reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity. Many modifications of this flap have been described in the literature. Here we aimed to explore the use of an arterialized tunnelized FAMM island flap (a-FAMMIF) for the reconstruction tongue defects after tumor resection. Method: From January 2015 to December 2016, five cases of tongue cancer were selected for the use of arterialized FAMMIF flap to reconstruct defects after tumor resection. Results: Reconstruction was successful in all cases, except one case of total flap necrosis; partial necrosis of the flap occurred in two patients, which were solved with medications. Conclusion: The authors consider the a-FAMMIF an unreliable flap in the reconstruction of tongue defects. The authors recommend avoiding tunneling and island modification when the vein is not included in the pedicle.

Purpose: The use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a consolidated therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of awake upper airways (UA) functional endoscopy in identifying the outcome of MAD therapy. Methods: This observational prospective study included 30 adult OSA patients, all patients underwent pre-treatment awake UA functional endoscopy, during the exam subjects were instructed to advance their mandible maximally, and they were divided into three different groups according to the response of the soft tissue, group A (expansion), group B (stretch), group C (unchanged). The results of this test were used in combination with other noninvasive indexes to predict the treatment outcome in terms of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduction. Results: We found that a substantial AHI reduction occurred in group A and group B while e slight AHI reduction was measured in group C. Conclusion: Based on our experience the awake UA endoscopy is a valid prognostic exam for discriminating responder and non-responder patients; in addition our results indicate the possibility of predicting a range of post-treatment AHI index values.